1
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Kim N, Jeyaraj VS, Elbert J, Seo SJ, Mironenko AV, Su X. Redox-Responsive Halogen Bonding as a Highly Selective Interaction for Electrochemical Separations. JACS AU 2024; 4:2523-2538. [PMID: 39055153 PMCID: PMC11267542 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging specific noncovalent interactions can broaden the mechanims for selective electrochemical separations beyond solely electrostatic interactions. Here, we explore redox-responsive halogen bonding (XB) for selective electrosorption in nonaqueous media, by taking advantage of directional interactions of XB alongisde a cooperative and synergistic ferrocene redox-center. We designed and evaluated a new redox-active XB donor polymer, poly(5-iodo-4-ferrocenyl-1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole) (P(FcTS-I)), for the electrochemically switchable binding and release of target organic and inorganic ions at a heterogeneous interface. Under applied potential, the oxidized ferrocene amplifies the halogen binding site, leading to significantly enhanced uptake and selectivity towards key inorganic and organic species, including chloride, bisulfate, and benzenesulfonate, compared to the open-circuit potential or the hydrogen bonding donor analog. Density functional theory calculations, as well as spectroscopic analysis, offer mechanistic insight into the degree of amplification of σ-holes at a molecular level, with selectivity modulated by charge transfer and dispersion interactions. Our work highlights the potential of XB in selective electrosorption by uniquely leveraging noncovalent interactions for redox-mediated electrochemical separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Vijaya S. Jeyaraj
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sung Jin Seo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander V. Mironenko
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Patrick SC, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Solvent effects in anion recognition. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:256-276. [PMID: 38448686 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Anion recognition is pertinent to a range of environmental, medicinal and industrial applications. Recent progress in the field has relied on advances in synthetic host design to afford a broad range of potent recognition motifs and novel supramolecular structures capable of effective binding both in solution and at derived molecular films. However, performance in aqueous media remains a critical challenge. Understanding the effects of bulk and local solvent on anion recognition by host scaffolds is imperative if effective and selective detection in real-world media is to be viable. This Review seeks to provide a framework within which these effects can be considered both experimentally and theoretically. We highlight proposed models for solvation effects on anion binding and discuss approaches to retain strong anion binding in highly competitive (polar) solvents. The synthetic design principles for exploiting the aforementioned solvent effects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Taylor AJ, Hein R, Patrick SC, Davis JJ, Beer PD. Anion Sensing through Redox-Modulated Fluorescent Halogen Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315959. [PMID: 38063409 PMCID: PMC10952190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Anion sensing via either optical or electrochemical readouts has separately received enormous attention, however, a judicious combination of the advantages of both modalities remains unexplored. Toward this goal, we herein disclose a series of novel, redox-active, fluorescent, halogen bonding (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) BODIPY-based anion sensors, wherein the introduction of a ferrocene motif induces remarkable changes in the fluorescence response. Extensive fluorescence anion titration, lifetime and electrochemical studies reveal anion binding-induced emission modulation through intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET), the magnitude of which is dependent on the nature of both the XB/HB donor and anion. Impressively, the XB sensor outperformed its HB congener in terms of anion binding strength and fluorescence switching magnitude, displaying significant fluorescence turn-OFF upon anion binding. In contrast, redox-inactive control receptors display a turn-ON response, highlighting the pronounced impact of the introduction of the redox-active ferrocene on the optical sensing performance. Additionally, the redox-active ferrocene motif also serves as an electrochemical reporter group, enabling voltammetric anion sensing in competitive solvents. The combined advantages of both sensing modalities were further exploited in a novel, proof-of-principle, fluorescence spectroelectrochemical anion sensing approach, enabling simultaneous and sensitive read out of optical and electrochemical responses in multiple oxidation states and at very low receptor concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Taylor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Sophie C. Patrick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
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4
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Bhattacharjee N, Gao X, Nathani A, Dobscha JR, Pink M, Ito T, Flood AH. Solvent Acts as the Referee in a Match-Up Between Charged and Preorganized Receptors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302339. [PMID: 37615829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of anion-cation contacts in biomolecular recognition under aqueous conditions suggests that ionic interactions should dominate the binding of anions in solvents across both high and low polarities. Investigations of this idea using titrations in low polarity solvents are impaired by interferences from ion pairing that prevent a clear picture of binding. To address this limitation and test the impact of ion-ion interactions across multiple solvents, we quantified chloride binding to a cationic receptor after accounting for ion pairing. In these studies, we created a chelate receptor using aryl-triazole CH donors and a quinolinium unit that directs its cationic methyl inside the binding pocket. In low-polarity dichloromethane, the 1 : 1 complex (log K1 : 1 ~ 7.3) is more stable than neutral chelates, but fortuitously comparable to a preorganized macrocycle (log K1 : 1 ~ 6.9). Polar acetonitrile and DMSO diminish stabilities of the charged receptor (log K1 : 1 ~ 3.7 and 1.9) but surprisingly 100-fold more than the macrocycle. While both receptors lose stability by dielectric screening of electrostatic stability, the cationic receptor also pays additional costs of organization. Thus even though the charged receptor has stronger binding in apolar solvents, the uncharged receptor has more anion affinity in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarupa Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Akash Nathani
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-campus Dr North, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-campus Dr North, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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5
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Bąk KM, Patrick SC, Li X, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Engineered Binding Microenvironments in Halogen Bonding Polymers for Enhanced Anion Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300867. [PMID: 36749115 PMCID: PMC10946961 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking Nature's polymeric protein architectures by designing hosts with binding cavities screened from bulk solvent is a promising approach to achieving anion recognition in competitive media. Accomplishing this, however, can be synthetically demanding. Herein we present a synthetically tractable approach, by directly incorporating potent supramolecular anion-receptive motifs into a polymeric scaffold, tuneable through a judicious selection of the co-monomer. A comprehensive analysis of anion recognition and sensing is demonstrated with redox-active, halogen bonding polymeric hosts. Notably, the polymeric hosts consistently outperform their monomeric analogues, with especially large halide binding enhancements of ca. 50-fold observed in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. These binding enhancements are rationalised by the generation and presentation of low dielectric constant binding microenvironments from which there is appreciable solvent exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Bąk
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Sophie C. Patrick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Xiaoxiong Li
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
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6
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Docker A, Marques I, Kuhn H, Zhang Z, Félix V, Beer PD. Selective Potassium Chloride Recognition, Sensing, Extraction, and Transport Using a Chalcogen-Bonding Heteroditopic Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14778-14789. [PMID: 35930460 PMCID: PMC9394446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chalcogen bonding (ChB) is rapidly rising to prominence
in supramolecular
chemistry as a powerful sigma (σ)-hole-based noncovalent interaction,
especially for applications in the field of molecular recognition.
Recent studies have demonstrated ChB donor strength and potency to
be remarkably sensitive to local electronic environments, including
redox-switchable on/off anion binding and sensing capability. Influencing
the unique electronic and geometric environment sensitivity of ChB
interactions through simultaneous cobound metal cation recognition,
herein, we present the first potassium chloride-selective heteroditopic
ion-pair receptor. The direct conjugation of benzo-15-crown-5 ether
(B15C5) appendages to Te centers in a bis-tellurotriazole framework
facilitates alkali metal halide (MX) ion-pair binding through the
formation of a cofacial intramolecular bis-B15C5 M+ (M+ = K+, Rb+, Cs+) sandwich
complex and bidentate ChB···X– formation.
Extensive quantitative 1H NMR ion-pair affinity titration
experiments, solid–liquid and liquid–liquid extraction,
and U-tube transport studies all demonstrate unprecedented KCl selectivity
over all other group 1 metal chlorides. It is demonstrated that the
origin of the receptor’s ion-pair binding cooperativity and
KCl selectivity arises from an electronic polarization of the ChB
donors induced by the cobound alkali metal cation. Importantly, the
magnitude of this switch on Te-centered electrophilicity, and therefore
anion-binding affinity, is shown to correlate with the inherent Lewis
acidity of the alkali metal cation. Extensive computational DFT investigations
corroborated the experimental alkali metal cation–anion ion-pair
binding observations for halides and oxoanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Igor Marques
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Heike Kuhn
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Vítor Félix
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
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7
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Hein R, Beer PD. Halogen bonding and chalcogen bonding mediated sensing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7098-7125. [PMID: 35799814 PMCID: PMC9214886 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-hole interactions, in particular halogen bonding (XB) and chalcogen bonding (ChB), have become indispensable tools in supramolecular chemistry, with wide-ranging applications in crystal engineering, catalysis and materials chemistry as well as anion recognition, transport and sensing. The latter has very rapidly developed in recent years and is becoming a mature research area in its own right. This can be attributed to the numerous advantages sigma-hole interactions imbue in sensor design, in particular high degrees of selectivity, sensitivity and the capability for sensing in aqueous media. Herein, we provide the first detailed overview of all developments in the field of XB and ChB mediated sensing, in particular the detection of anions but also neutral (gaseous) Lewis bases. This includes a wide range of optical colorimetric and luminescent sensors as well as an array of electrochemical sensors, most notably redox-active host systems. In addition, we discuss a range of other sensor designs, including capacitive sensors and chemiresistors, and provide a detailed overview and outlook for future fundamental developments in the field. Importantly the sensing concepts and methodologies described herein for the XB and ChB mediated sensing of anions, are generically applicable for the development of supramolecular receptors and sensors in general, including those for cations and neutral molecules employing a wide array of non-covalent interactions. As such we believe this review to be a useful guide to both the supramolecular and general chemistry community with interests in the fields of host-guest recognition and small molecule sensing. Moreover, we also highlight the need for a broader integration of supramolecular chemistry, analytical chemistry, synthetic chemistry and materials science in the development of the next generation of potent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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8
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Hein R, Docker A, Davis JJ, Beer PD. Redox-Switchable Chalcogen Bonding for Anion Recognition and Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8827-8836. [PMID: 35522996 PMCID: PMC9121379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the success of its related sigma-hole congener halogen bonding (XB), chalcogen bonding (ChB) is emerging as a powerful noncovalent interaction with a plethora of applications in supramolecular chemistry and beyond. Despite its increasing importance, the judicious modulation of ChB donor strength remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we present, for the first time, the reversible and large-scale modulation of ChB potency by electrochemical redox control. This is exemplified by both the switching-ON of anion recognition via ChB oxidative activation of a novel bis(ferrocenyltellurotriazole) anion host and switching-OFF reductive ChB deactivation of anion binding potency with a telluroviologen receptor. The direct linking of the redox-active center and ChB receptor donor sites enables strong coupling, which is reflected by up to a remarkable 3 orders of magnitude modulation of anion binding strength. This is demonstrated through large voltammetric perturbations of the respective receptor ferrocene and viologen redox couples, enabling, for the first time, ChB-mediated electrochemical anion sensing. The sensors not only display significant anion-binding-induced electrochemical responses in competitive aqueous-organic solvent systems but can compete with, or even outperform similar, highly potent XB and HB sensors. These observations serve to highlight a unique (redox) tunability of ChB and pave the way for further exploration of the reversible (redox) modulation of ChB in a wide range of applications, including anion sensors as well as molecular switches and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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9
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Hijazi H, Levillain E, Schöllhorn B, Fave C. Sensitive detection of halides and nitrate in organic and aqueous solvents via selective halogen bonding on TTF‐SAM modified platinum electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Hijazi
- Universite de Paris Faculte des Sciences Chemistry Paris FRANCE
| | - Eric Levillain
- Université d'Angers: Universite d'Angers chemistry FRANCE
| | - Bernd Schöllhorn
- University of Paris Sciences Faculty: Universite de Paris Faculte des Sciences Chemistry 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf 75013 Paris FRANCE
| | - Claire Fave
- Universite de Paris Faculte des Sciences chemistry FRANCE
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10
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Chiral Ferrocenyl–Iodotriazoles and –Iodotriazoliums as Halogen Bond Donors. Synthesis, Solid State Analysis and Catalytic Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Pal A, Karmakar M, Bhatta SR, Thakur A. A detailed insight into anion sensing based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism: A comprehensive review of the years 2016 to 2021. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Seah GEKK, Tan AYX, Neo ZH, Lim JYC, Goh SS. Halogen Bonding Ionophore for Potentiometric Iodide Sensing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15543-15549. [PMID: 34767713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iodide (I-) is an essential micronutrient for thyroid function. Hence, rapid and portable sensing is important for I- quantification in food and biological samples. Herein, we report the first example of a halogen bonding (XB) tripodal ionophore (XB1) which is selective for the I- anion. NMR binding studies of XB1 and its H-triazole analog HB2 with I- demonstrated the dominant influence of XB interactions between the ionophore and the I- analyte. The phase boundary model was applied to formulate iodide-selective electrodes with the ionophore XB1. The optimal electrode exhibited a near-Nernstian response of -51.9 mV per decade within a large dynamic range (10-1 to 10-6 M) and notably anti-Hofmeister selectivity for I- over thiocyanate (SCN-), enabling the in situ determination of I- in complex samples. This work establishes XB as a viable supramolecular interaction in the potentiometric sensing of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E K K Seah
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Angeline Y X Tan
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhi Hao Neo
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Shermin S Goh
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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13
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Patrick SC, Hein R, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Continuous and Polarization-Tuned Redox Capacitive Anion Sensing at Electroactive Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19199-19206. [PMID: 34730337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous, real-time ion sensing is of great value across various environmental and medical scenarios but remains underdeveloped. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of redox capacitance spectroscopy as a sensitive and highly adaptable ion sensing methodology, exemplified by the continuous flow sensing of anions at redox-active halogen bonding ferrocenylisophthalamide self-assembled monolayers. Upon anion binding, the redox distribution of the electroactive interface, and its associated redox capacitance, are reversibly modulated, providing a simple and direct sensory readout. Importantly, the redox capacitance can be monitored at a freely chosen, constant electrode polarization, providing a facile means of tuning both the sensor analytical performance and the anion binding affinity, by up to 1 order of magnitude. In surpassing standard voltammetric methods in terms of analytical performance and adaptability, these findings pave the way for the development of highly sensitive and uniquely tunable ion sensors. More generally, this methodology also serves as a powerful and unprecedented means of simultaneously modulating and monitoring the thermodynamics and kinetics of host-guest interactions at redox-active interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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14
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Patrick SC, Hein R, Sharafeldin M, Li X, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Real-time Voltammetric Anion Sensing Under Flow*. Chemistry 2021; 27:17700-17706. [PMID: 34705312 PMCID: PMC9297856 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of real‐life applicable ion sensors, in particular those capable of repeat use and long‐term monitoring, remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we demonstrate, in a proof‐of‐concept, the real‐time voltammetric sensing of anions under continuous flow in a 3D‐printed microfluidic system. Electro‐active anion receptive halogen bonding (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) ferrocene‐isophthalamide‐(iodo)triazole films were employed as exemplary sensory interfaces. Upon exposure to anions, the cathodic perturbations of the ferrocene redox‐transducer are monitored by repeat square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) cycling and peak fitting of the voltammograms by a custom‐written MATLAB script. This enables the facile and automated data processing of thousands of SW scans and is associated with an over one order‐of‐magnitude improvement in limits of detection. In addition, this improved analysis enables tuning of the measurement parameters such that high temporal resolution can be achieved. More generally, this new flow methodology is extendable to a variety of other analytes, including cations, and presents an important step towards translation of voltammetric ion sensors from laboratory to real‐world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Xiaoxiong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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15
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Docker A, Stevens JG, Beer PD. Halogen Bonding Heteroditopic Materials for Cooperative Sodium Iodide Binding and Extraction. Chemistry 2021; 27:14600-14604. [PMID: 34520586 PMCID: PMC8596695 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel heteroditopic halogen bonding (XB) receptor functionalised silica based materials, containing mono- and bis-iodotriazole benzo-15-crown-5 groups are investigated for the cooperative binding and extraction of sodium halide ion-pair species from aqueous solution. Characterisation of the XB materials by CHN elemental analysis, 13 C CP/MAS NMR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies confirms and quantifies the successful incorporation of the ion-pair receptor frameworks to the silica material. ICP-MS solid-liquid extraction studies demonstrate the bidentate XB functionalised material is capable of NaI extraction from water. Importantly, cooperative XB-mediated sodium halide ion-pair binding is determined to be crucial to the material's extraction capabilities, impressively demonstrating a two-fold enhancement in sodium iodide extraction efficiency relative to a heteroditopic hydrogen bonding receptor functionalised silica material analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TA
| | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TA
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16
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Alvarez MS, Houzé C, Groni S, Schöllhorn B, Fave C. Halogen bonding effect on electrochemical anion oxidation in ionic liquids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7587-7593. [PMID: 34524327 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01031j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Three Ionic liquids (ILs) based on an imidazolium core have been compared and used as solvents for the oxidation of various anions. Electrochemical experiments as well as NMR titrations and X-ray diffraction analyses unambiguously confirm the crucial role of non-covalent halogen bonding on the oxidation potentials and consequently the electrochemical window of the respective ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stacey Alvarez
- Université de Paris - Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Cedric Houzé
- Université de Paris - Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Sihem Groni
- Université de Paris - Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Bernd Schöllhorn
- Université de Paris - Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Claire Fave
- Université de Paris - Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
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17
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Patrick SC, Hein R, Docker A, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Solvent Effects in Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding Mediated Electrochemical Anion Sensing in Aqueous Solution and at Interfaces. Chemistry 2021; 27:10201-10209. [PMID: 33881781 PMCID: PMC8360193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sensing anionic species in competitive aqueous media is a well-recognised challenge to long-term applications across a multitude of fields. Herein, we report a comprehensive investigation of the electrochemical anion sensing performance of novel halogen bonding (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) bis-ferrocene-(iodo)triazole receptors in solution and at self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), in a range of increasingly competitive aqueous organic solvent media (ACN/H2 O). In solution, the XB sensor notably outperforms the HB sensor, with substantial anion recognition induced cathodic voltammetric responses of the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple persisting even in highly competitive aqueous solvent media of 20 % water content. The response to halides, in particular, shows a markedly lower sensitivity to increasing water content associated with a unique halide selectivity at unprecedented levels of solvent polarity. The HB sensor, in contrast, generally displayed a preference towards oxoanions. A significant surface-enhancement effect was observed for both XB/HB receptive films in all solvent systems, whereby the HB sensor generally displayed larger responses towards oxoanions than its halogen bonding analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C. Patrick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QZUK
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18
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Docker A, Bunchuay T, Ahrens M, Martinez‐Martinez AJ, Beer PD. Chalcogen Bonding Ion‐Pair Cryptand Host Discrimination of Potassium Halide Salts. Chemistry 2021; 27:7837-7841. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) Faculty of Science Mahidol University 272 Thanon Rama VI, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Michael Ahrens
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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19
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Dhawan S, Devnani H, Babu J, Singh H, Haider MA, Khan TS, Ingole PP, Haridas V. Supersensitive Detection of Anions in Pure Organic and Aqueous Media by Amino Acid Conjugated Ellman's Reagent. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2453-2464. [PMID: 35014364 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades witnessed a remarkable advancement in the field of molecular anion receptors. A variety of anion binding motifs have been discovered, and large number of designer molecular anion receptors with high selectivity are being reported. However, anion detection in an aqueous medium is still a formidable challenge as evident from only a miniscule of synthetic systems available in the literature. We, herein, report 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent) appended with amino acids as supersensitive anion sensors that can detect F- and H2PO4- ions in both aqueous as well as organic media. Interestingly, the sensors showed a dual response to anions, viz., chromogenic response in organic medium and electrochemical response in aqueous solutions. Various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis and 1H NMR are used to investigate the binding studies in acetonitrile, whereas electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are employed to explore the anion binding in water. The host-guest complex stoichiometry and binding constants are calculated using the BindFit software. The geometry of host-guest complex has been optimized by the density functional theory (DFT) method. These molecules are versatile sensors since these function in both water and acetonitrile with extremely low limit of detection (LOD) up to 0.07 fM and limit of quantification (LOQ) up to 0.23 fM. To our knowledge, the present system is the first example of a sensor that can detect the lowest concentration of anions in water quantitatively. The minimalistic design strategy presented here opens up the innumerable possibilities for designing dual anion sensors in a one fell swoop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Dhawan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Harsha Devnani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jisha Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - M Ali Haider
- Renewable Energy and Chemicals Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tuhin S Khan
- Light Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Pravin P Ingole
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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20
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Engelage E, Hijazi H, Gartmann M, Chamoreau LM, Schöllhorn B, Huber SM, Fave C. Towards redox-switchable organocatalysts based on bidentate halogen bond donors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4344-4352. [PMID: 33588428 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06612e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active bidentate halogen bond donors based on halopyridinium groups as halogen-bond donating units were synthesized and their structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction analyses and DFT calculations. Via reversible twofold reduction, these dicationic species can be transformed to neutral compounds which should be much weaker Lewis acids. The corresponding electrochemical data were obtained, and CV as well as UV-vis and NMR techniques were also used to determine binding constants of these halogen bond donors to halides. While all titrations agree on the relative order of binding strengths (with chloride being bound strongest), there are marked deviations in the overall affinity constants which are discussed. In contrast to earlier azo-bridge analogues, the ethylene-linked variants presented herein do not oxidize halides, and thus the novel halogen bond donors could also be used as Lewis acidic organocatalysts in a halide abstraction benchmark reaction, yielding a performance similar to bis(haloimidazolium)-derived catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Engelage
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - H Hijazi
- Université de Paris - Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - M Gartmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - L-M Chamoreau
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, CNRS - Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - B Schöllhorn
- Université de Paris - Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - S M Huber
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - C Fave
- Université de Paris - Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
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21
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Yuan D, Wang S, Zhu G, Zhu A, Li L. Efficient copper-catalyzed tandem oxidative iodination and alkyne-azide cycloaddition in the presence of glycine-type ligands. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Huang HW, Xin ZH, Nan JZ, Chen Y, Cao QY. A new imidazolium/sulfonamide linked ferrocene-dansyl dyad for dual-channel recognition of anion. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Hein R, Li X, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Enhanced voltammetric anion sensing at halogen and hydrogen bonding ferrocenyl SAMs. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2433-2440. [PMID: 34164009 PMCID: PMC8179314 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Halogen bonding mediated electrochemical anion sensing has very recently been established as a potent platform for the selective and sensitive detection of anions, although the principles that govern binding and subsequent signal transduction remain poorly understood. Herein we address this challenge by providing a comprehensive study of novel redox-active halogen bonding (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) ferrocene-isophthalamide-(iodo)triazole receptors in solution and at self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Under diffusive conditions the sensory performance of the XB sensor was significantly superior. In molecular films the XB and HB binding motifs both display a notably enhanced, but similar, response to specific anions. Importantly, the enhanced response of these films is rationalised by a consideration of the (interfacial) dielectric microenvironment. These effects, and the resolved relationship between anion binding and signal transduction, underpin an improved fundamental understanding of anion sensing at redox-active interfaces which will benefit not just the development of more potent, real-life relevant, sensors but also new tools to study host–guest interactions at interfaces. Surface enhancement effects in the sensing of anions at redox-active molecular films are investigated in detail and rationalised based on a consideration of the dielectric binding microenvironment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Xiaoxiong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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24
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Abstract
The question as to whether the F atom can engage in a halogen bond (XB) remains unsettled. This issue is addressed via density functional theory calculations which pair a wide range of organic and inorganic F-acids with various sorts of Lewis bases. From an energetic perspective, perfluorinated hydrocarbons with sp, sp2, or sp3 C-hybridization are unable to form an XB with an N-base, but a very weak bond can be formed if electron-withdrawing C≡N substituents are added to the acid. There is little improvement for inorganic acids O2NF, FOF, ClF, BrF, SiF4, or GeF4, but F2 is capable of a stronger XB of up to 5 kcal/mol. These results are consistent with a geometric criterion, which compares the intermolecular equilibrium distance with the sum of atomic van der Waals radii. The intensity of the σ-hole on the F atom has predictive value in that a Vs,max of at least 10-15 kcal/mol is required for XB formation. Adding a positive charge to the Lewis acid enhances the strength of any XB and even more so if the base is anionic. The acid-base interaction induces a contraction of the r(AF) covalent bond in the acid in most cases and a deshielding of the NMR signal of the F nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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25
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26
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Nandi M, Bej S, Bhunia S, Ghosh P. Template Directed Syntheses of Electrochemically Active [2]Rotaxanes: Anion Binding and Redox Studies. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sarmistha Bhunia
- School of Chemical SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
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27
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Abstract
Anions play a vital role in a broad range of environmental, technological, and physiological processes, making their detection/quantification valuable. Electroanalytical sensors offer much to the selective, sensitive, cheap, portable, and real-time analysis of anion presence where suitable combinations of selective (noncovalent) recognition and transduction can be integrated. Spurred on by significant developments in anion supramolecular chemistry, electrochemical anion sensing has received considerable attention in the past two decades. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of all electroanalytical techniques that have been used for this purpose, including voltammetric, impedimetric, capacititive, and potentiometric methods. We will confine our discussion to sensors that are based on synthetic anion receptors with a specific focus on reversible, noncovalent interactions, in particular, hydrogen- and halogen-bonding. Apart from their sensory properties, we will also discuss how electrochemical techniques can be used to study anion recognition processes (e.g., binding constant determination) and will furthermore provide a detailed outlook over future efforts and promising new avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
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28
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Berger G, Frangville P, Meyer F. Halogen bonding for molecular recognition: new developments in materials and biological sciences. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4970-4981. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments of halogen bonding in materials and biological sciences with a short discussion on the nature of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berger
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - Pierre Frangville
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
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29
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Suslonov VV, Eliseeva AA, Novikov AS, Ivanov DM, Dubovtsev AY, Bokach NA, Kukushkin VY. Tetrachloroplatinate(ii) anion as a square-planar tecton for crystal engineering involving halogen bonding. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00576b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tetrachloroplatinate(ii) anion behaves as a useful XB-accepting tecton toward sigma-hole-donating organohalide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii V. Suslonov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya A. Eliseeva
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu. Dubovtsev
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
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30
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Bueno PR, Hein R, Santos A, Davis JJ. The nanoscopic principles of capacitive ion sensing interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3770-3774. [PMID: 31995068 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05543f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we discuss the operational principles of molecular interfaces that specifically recruit ions from an electrolyte solution and report this in a reagentless capacitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- CEP. 14800-060
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | - Adriano Santos
- Institute of Chemistry
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- CEP. 14800-060
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
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31
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Govdi AI, Danilkina NA, Ponomarev AV, Balova IA. 1-Iodobuta-1,3-diynes in Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition: A One-Step Route to 4-Ethynyl-5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1925-1940. [PMID: 30632741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of iododiacetylenes with organic azides using iodotris(triphenylphosphine)copper(I) as a catalyst was found to be an efficient one-step synthetic route to 5-iodo-4-ethynyltriazoles. The reaction is tolerant to various functional groups in both butadiyne and azide moieties. The synthetic application of 5-iodo-4-ethynyl triazoles obtained was also evaluated: the Sonogashira coupling with alkynes resulted in unsymmetrically substituted triazole-fused enediyne systems, while the Suzuki reaction yielded the corresponding 5-aryl-4-ethynyl triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I Govdi
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU) , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Natalia A Danilkina
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU) , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Alexander V Ponomarev
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU) , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Irina A Balova
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU) , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
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32
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Hijazi H, Vacher A, Groni S, Lorcy D, Levillain E, Fave C, Schöllhorn B. Electrochemically driven interfacial halogen bonding on self-assembled monolayers for anion detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1983-1986. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08856j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of anion detection via reversible electrochemically driven charge-assisted halogen bonding in solution was transferred on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Hijazi
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, Université Paris Diderot
- F-75205 Paris Cedex 13
- France
| | - Antoine Vacher
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Sihem Groni
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, Université Paris Diderot
- F-75205 Paris Cedex 13
- France
| | - Dominique Lorcy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Eric Levillain
- MOLTECH Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, Univ d'Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier
- F-49045 ANGERS Cedex
- France
| | - Claire Fave
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, Université Paris Diderot
- F-75205 Paris Cedex 13
- France
| | - Bernd Schöllhorn
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, Université Paris Diderot
- F-75205 Paris Cedex 13
- France
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33
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Lim JYC, Beer PD. Electrochemical Bromide Sensing with a Halogen Bonding [2]Rotaxane. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y. C. Lim
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
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34
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Nandi A, Sucher A, Kozuch S. Ping-Pong Tunneling Reactions: Can Fluoride Jump at Absolute Zero? Chemistry 2018; 24:16348-16355. [PMID: 30044526 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In a recent study, Scheiner designed a double-germanium-based fluoride receptor that binds the halogen by means of strong tetrel bonds (Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 18850). In this system the F- binds to the germanium atoms in an asymmetric fashion, thereby producing a double-well potential in which the fluoride can jump from one germanium to the other as in a ping-pong game. Herein we prove through the use of computational tools that at cryogenic temperatures this rearrangement occurs by heavy-atom quantum mechanical tunneling. The inductive strength of the substituents and the polarity of the solvent can modify the barrier and the tunneling rate. But the strongest effect is observed upon modification of the geometry of the molecule by specific substitutions that affect the barrier width, the most critical factor in a tunneling mechanism. We postulate two experimental tests, one by microwave spectroscopy and one by cryogenic NMR spectroscopy, that can prove the predicted fluoride tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel
| | - Adam Sucher
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel
| | - Sebastian Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel
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35
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Huang H, Xin Z, Yuan L, Wang BY, Cao QY. New ferrocene-pyrene dyads bearing amide/thiourea hybrid donors for anion recognition. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Oliveira R, Groni S, Vacher A, Barrière F, Lorcy D, Fourmigué M, Maisonhaute E, Schöllhorn B, Fave C. Electrochemical Activation of TTF-Based Halogen Bond Donors: A Powerful, Selective and Sensitive Analytical Tool for Probing a Weak Interaction in Complex Media. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Oliveira
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire; UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf; F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Sihem Groni
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire; UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf; F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Antoine Vacher
- Université Rennes; CNRS; ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Frédéric Barrière
- Université Rennes; CNRS; ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Dominique Lorcy
- Université Rennes; CNRS; ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Université Rennes; CNRS; ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226; F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE; F-75005, Paris France
| | - Bernd Schöllhorn
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire; UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf; F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Claire Fave
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire; UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf; F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
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37
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Scheiner S. Tetrel Bonding as a Vehicle for Strong and Selective Anion Binding. Molecules 2018; 23:E1147. [PMID: 29751608 PMCID: PMC6100077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrel atoms T (T = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) can engage in very strong noncovalent interactions with nucleophiles, which are commonly referred to as tetrel bonds. The ability of such bonds to bind various anions is assessed with a goal of designing an optimal receptor. The Sn atom seems to form the strongest bonds within the tetrel family. It is most effective in the context of a -SnF₃ group and a further enhancement is observed when a positive charge is placed on the receptor. Connection of the -SnF₃ group to either an imidazolium or triazolium provides a strong halide receptor, which can be improved if its point of attachment is changed from the C to an N atom of either ring. Aromaticity of the ring offers no advantage nor is a cyclic system superior to a simple alkyl amine of any chain length. Placing a pair of -SnF₃ groups on a single molecule to form a bipodal dicationic receptor with two tetrel bonds enhances the binding, but falls short of a simple doubling. These two tetrel groups can be placed on opposite ends of an alkyl diamine chain of any length although SnF₃⁺NH₂(CH₂)nNH₂SnF₃⁺ with n between 2 and 4 seems to offer the strongest halide binding. Of the various anions tested, OH− binds most strongly: OH− > F− > Cl− > Br− > I−. The binding energy of the larger NO₃− and HCO₃− anions is more dependent upon the charge of the receptor. This pattern translates into very strong selectivity of binding one anion over another. The tetrel-bonding receptors bind far more strongly to each anion than an equivalent number of K⁺ counterions, which leads to equilibrium ratios in favor of the former of many orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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38
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Tepper R, Schubert US. Halogenbrücken in Lösung: Anionenerkennung, Templat‐gestützte Selbstorganisation und Organokatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Tepper
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
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39
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Tepper R, Schubert US. Halogen Bonding in Solution: Anion Recognition, Templated Self-Assembly, and Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6004-6016. [PMID: 29341377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The halogen bond is a supramolecular interaction between a Lewis-acidic region of a covalently bound halogen and a Lewis base. It has been studied widely in silico and experimentally in the solid state; however, solution-phase applications have attracted enormous interest in the last few years. This Minireview highlights selected recent developments in halogen bond interactions in solution, with a focus on the use of receptors based on halogen bonds in anion recognition and sensing, anion-templated self-assembly, as well as in organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Tepper
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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40
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41
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López-Mayorga B, Sandoval-Chávez CI, Carreón-Castro P, Ugalde-Saldívar VM, Cortés-Guzmán F, López-Cortés JG, Ortega-Alfaro MC. Ferrocene amphiphilic D–π–A dyes: synthesis, redox behavior and determination of band gaps. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We reported the synthesis, optical and redox behavior of six ferrocenyl D–π–A dyes. Optical and electrochemical band gaps were determined and corroborated by TD-DFT calculations. Compounds4exhibit the smallest band gap of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. López-Mayorga
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | - C. I. Sandoval-Chávez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | - P. Carreón-Castro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | | | - F. Cortés-Guzmán
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Cd. Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | - J. G. López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Cd. Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | - M. C. Ortega-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
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Lim JYC, Beer PD. A pyrrole-containing cleft-type halogen bonding receptor for oxoanion recognition and sensing in aqueous solvent media. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A halogen bonding pyrrole-bis(iodotriazolium) motif facilitates rarely observed augmented binding affinities and selective sensing of oxoanions (H2PO4− and SO42−).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y. C. Lim
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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43
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Li X, Lim JYC, Beer PD. Cationic all-halogen bonding rotaxanes for halide anion recognition. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:245-255. [PMID: 28726932 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of cationic halogen bonding [2]rotaxanes have been synthesised via an active-metal template synthetic strategy. 1H NMR spectroscopic anion titration investigations reveal these interlocked host systems recognize halides selectively over oxoanions in aqueous-organic solvent media. Furthermore, systematically modulating the rigidity and size of the rotaxanes' anion binding cavities via metal complexation, as well as by varying the number of halogen bond-donor groups in the axle component, was found to dramatically influence halide anion selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiong Li
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX 1 3TA, UK.
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Creste G, Groni S, Fave C, Branca M, Schöllhorn B. Comparative study of non-covalent interactions between cationic N-phenylviologens and halides by electrochemistry and NMR: the halogen bonding effect. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:301-313. [PMID: 28726928 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five N-phenylviologen (PV2+) derivatives have been synthesized and their electrochemical behavior in the presence of halide anions has been studied. Further investigations were carried out by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy at different chloride concentrations. This is the first time a systematic study combines cyclic voltammetry and NMR spectroscopy in order to analyse the contribution of halogen bonding among the various non-covalent interactions between iodinated N-phenylviologens. The results show strong evidence for a significant "halogen bonding effect" in the interaction between halides and the iodo-tetrafluoro-phenylviologen PV2+-C6F4I. A significant influence of halogen bonding on reduction potentials of the novel halogen bond donor PV2+-C6F4I has been evidenced resulting in the first example of "inverse redox switching" of an XB-donor being partially deactivated upon reduction. Furthermore the particular binding properties of the perfluorinated derivative PV2+-C6F5 towards chloride are discussed considering a possible contribution of π-anion interaction in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geordie Creste
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Synthesis of 5-(dimethylsilyl)pentylalkylferrocene-grafted HTPB (alkylFc-HTPB) via platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hoffmann V, le Pleux L, Häussinger D, Unke OT, Prescimone A, Mayor M. Deltoid versus Rhomboid: Controlling the Shape of Bis-ferrocene Macrocycles by the Bulkiness of the Substituents. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Hoffmann
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Loïc le Pleux
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver T. Unke
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn
Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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47
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Scheiner S. Comparison of halide receptors based on H, halogen, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:213-226. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of halide receptors are constructed and the geometries and energetics of their binding to F−, Cl−, and Br−assessed by quantum calculations. The dicationic receptors are based on a pair of imidazolium units, connectedviaa benzene spacer. The imidazoliums each donate a proton to a halide in a pair of H-bonds. Replacement of the two bonding protons by Br leads to bindingviaa pair of halogen bonds. Likewise, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds occur when the protons are replaced, respectively, by Se, As, and Ge. Regardless of the binding group considered, F−is bound much more strongly than are Cl−and Br−. With respect to the latter two halides, the binding energy is not very sensitive to the nature of the binding atom, whether H or some other atom. But there is a great deal of differentiation with respect to F−, where the order varies as tetrel > H ∼ pnicogen > halogen > chalcogen. The replacement of the various binding atoms by their analogues in the next row of the periodic table enhances the fluoride binding energy by 22–56%. The strongest fluoride binding agents utilize the tetrel bonds of the Sn atom, whereas it is I-halogen bonds that are preferred for Cl−and Br−. After incorporation of thermal and entropic effects, the halogen, chalcogen, and pnicogen bonding receptors do not represent much of an improvement over H-bonds with regard to this selectivity for F−, even I which binds quite strongly. In stark contrast, the tetrel-bonding derivatives, both Ge and Sn, show by far the greatest selectivity for F−over the other halides, as much as 1013, an enhancement of six orders of magnitude when compared to the H-bonding receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
- Logan
- USA
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48
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Grosu IG, Rednic MI, Miclăuş M, Grosu I, Bende A. The nature of intermolecular interactions in pyridinium–anion–β-hexachlorocyclohexane molecular crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20691-20698. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature of intermolecular interactions in different molecular crystal configurations formed by pyridinium cations, chloride or bromide anions as well as β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) molecules has been investigated using high level ab initio quantum chemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. G. Grosu
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - M. I. Rednic
- Department of Chemistry and CSOOMC
- “Babeş-Bolyai” University
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - M. Miclăuş
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - I. Grosu
- Department of Chemistry and CSOOMC
- “Babeş-Bolyai” University
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - A. Bende
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
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49
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Scheiner S. Highly Selective Halide Receptors Based on Chalcogen, Pnicogen, and Tetrel Bonds. Chemistry 2016; 22:18850-18858. [PMID: 27740702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of halides with a number of bipodal receptors were examined by quantum chemical methods. The receptors were based on a dithieno thiophene framework in which two S atoms can engage in a pair of chalcogen bonds with a halide. These two S atoms were replaced by P and As atoms to compare chalcogen with pnicogen bonding, and by Ge which engages in tetrel bonds with the receptor. Zero, one, and two O atoms were added to the thiophene S atom which is not directly involved in the interaction with the halides. Fluoride bound the most strongly, followed by Cl- , Br- , and I- , respectively. Replacing S by the pnicogen bonds of P strengthened the binding, as did moving down to As in the third row of the periodic table. A further large increment is associated with the switch to the tetrel bonds of Ge. Even though the thiophene S atom is remote from the binding site, each additional O atom added to it raises the binding energy, which can be quite large, as much as 63 kcal mol-1 for the Ge⋅⋅⋅F- interaction. The receptors have a pronounced selectivity for F- over the other halides, as high as 27 orders of magnitude. The data suggest that incorporation of tetrel atoms may lead to new and more powerful halide receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
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50
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Chowdhury B, Sinha S, Ghosh P. Selective Sensing of Phosphates by a New Bis-heteroleptic Ru II Complex through Halogen Bonding: A Superior Sensor over Its Hydrogen-Bonding Analogue. Chemistry 2016; 22:18051-18059. [PMID: 27805754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The selective phosphate-sensing property of a bis-heteroleptic RuII complex, 1[PF6 ]2 , which has a halogen-bonding iodotriazole unit, is demonstrated and is shown to be superior to its hydrogen-bonding analogue, 2[PF6 ]2 . Complex 1[PF6 ]2 , exploiting halogen-bonding interactions, shows enhanced phosphate recognition in both acetonitrile and aqueous acetonitrile compared with its hydrogen-bonding analogue, owing to considerable amplification of the RuII -center-based metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission response and luminescence lifetime. Detailed solution-state studies reveal a higher association constant, lower limit of detection, and greater change in lifetime for complex 1 in the presence of phosphates compared with its hydrogen-bonding analogue, complex 2. The 1 H NMR titration study with H2 PO4- ascertains that the binding of H2 PO4- occurs exclusively through halogen-bonding or hydrogen-bonding interactions in complexes 1[PF6 ]2 and 2[PF6 ]2 , respectively. Importantly, the single-crystal X-ray structure confirms the first ever report on metal-assisted second-sphere recognition of H2 PO4- and H2 P2 O72- with 1 through a solitary C-I⋅⋅⋅anion halogen-bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijit Chowdhury
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sanghamitra Sinha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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