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Zhao W, Lu Y, Qiao Y, Yin X, Liu C, Fang Z, Zhu J, Guo K. Electrosynthesis of Spiro-indolenines via Dearomative Arylation of Indoles in Batch and Continuous Flow. Org Lett 2023; 25:7451-7456. [PMID: 37791903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
An electrosynthesis of spiro-indolenines in batch and continuous flow was achieved through dearomative arylation of indoles with good functional group compatibility. User-friendly undivided cells were used under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions. Moreover, the use of a flow electrolysis cell gave high daily productivity and excellent scale-up potential under less supporting electrolyte and higher substrate concentration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yi Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yaqi Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xing Yin
- Intervention Therapy Department, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing 222042, China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianliang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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2
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Abstract
Natural product synthesis remains one of the most vibrant and intellectually rewarding areas of chemistry, although the justifications for pursuing it have evolved over time. In the early years, the emphasis lay on structure elucidation and confirmation through synthesis, as exemplified by celebrated studies on cocaine, morphine, strychnine and chlorophyll. This was followed by a phase where the sheer demonstration that highly complex molecules could be recreated in the laboratory in a rational manner was enough to justify the economic expense and intellectual agonies of a synthesis. Since then, syntheses of natural products have served as platforms for the demonstration of elegant strategies, for inventing new methodology 'on the fly' or to demonstrate the usefulness and scope of methods established with simpler molecules. We now add another aspect that we find fascinating, viz. 'natural product anticipation'. In this Review, we survey cases where the synthesis of a compound in the laboratory has preceded its isolation from nature. The focus of our Review lies on examples where this anticipation of a natural product has triggered a successful search or where synthesis and isolation have occurred independently. Finally, we highlight cases where a potential natural product structure has been suggested as a result of synthetic endeavours but not yet confirmed by isolation, inviting further collaborations between synthetic and natural product chemists.
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Godfrey RC, Jones HE, Green NJ, Lawrence AL. Unified total synthesis of the brevianamide alkaloids enabled by chemical investigations into their biosynthesis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1313-1322. [PMID: 35222915 PMCID: PMC8809396 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05801k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane alkaloids are a vast group of natural products which have been the focus of attention from the scientific community for several decades. This interest stems from their broad range of biological activities, their diverse biosynthetic origins, and their topologically complex structures, which combined make them enticing targets for chemical synthesis. In this article, full details of our synthetic studies into the chemical feasibility of a proposed network of biosynthetic pathways towards the brevianamide family of bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane alkaloids are disclosed. Insights into issues of reactivity and selectivity in the biosynthesis of these structures have aided the development of a unified biomimetic synthetic strategy, which has resulted in the total synthesis of all known bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane brevianamides and the anticipation of an as-yet-undiscovered congener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Godfrey
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Helen E Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Nicholas J Green
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Andrew L Lawrence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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Li H, Sun W, Deng M, Zhou Q, Wang J, Liu J, Chen C, Qi C, Luo Z, Xue Y, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Asperversiamides, Linearly Fused Prenylated Indole Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus versicolor. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8483-8492. [PMID: 30016097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asperversiamides A-H (1-8), eight linearly fused prenylated indole alkaloids featuring an unusual pyrano[3,2- f]indole unit, were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor. The structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and optical rotation (OR) calculations. The relative configuration of C-21 of iso-notoamide B was herein revised, and a new methodology for preliminarily determining if the relative configuration of the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane moiety of a spiro-bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane-type indole alkaloid is syn or anti was developed. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were all tested, and of these compounds, 7 exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against iNOS with an IC50 value of 5.39 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Mengyi Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 , China
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Fedoseev P, Coppola G, Ojeda GM, Van der Eycken EV. Synthesis of spiroindolenines by intramolecular ipso-iodocyclization of indol ynones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3625-3628. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-yielding fast spirocyclization of easily available indol ynones has been developed by applying N-iodosuccinimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Fedoseev
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Guglielmo Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Gerardo M. Ojeda
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
- Leuven
- Belgium
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Amatov T, Pohl R, Cisařová I, Jahn U. Sequential Oxidative and Reductive Radical Cyclization Approach toward Asperparaline C and Synthesis of Its 8-Oxo Analogue. Org Lett 2017; 19:1152-1155. [PMID: 28207265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The most advanced approach, so far, to the asperparalines is developed. Consecutive oxidative and reductive radical cyclizations serve as the key steps to stereoselectively access the complex fully elaborated skeleton containing the cyclopentane and spiro-succinimide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tynchtyk Amatov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Cisařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Rees M, Simpkins NS, Male L. An Asymmetric Organocatalysis Approach to the Prenylated Alkaloid Family. Org Lett 2017; 19:1338-1341. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rees
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Nigel S. Simpkins
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
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Brevianamides and Mycophenolic Acid Derivatives from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium brevicompactum DFFSCS025. Mar Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/md15020043 pmid: 282186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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9
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Brevianamides and Mycophenolic Acid Derivatives from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium brevicompactum DFFSCS025. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15020043. [PMID: 28218640 PMCID: PMC5334623 DOI: 10.3390/md15020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new compounds (1–4), including two brevianamides and two mycochromenic acid derivatives along with six known compounds were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium brevicompactum DFFSCS025. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Moreover, the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by quantum chemical calculations of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 9 showed moderate cytotoxicity against human colon cancer HCT116 cell line with IC50 value of 15.6 μM. In addition, 3 and 5 had significant antifouling activity against Bugula neritina larval settlement with EC50 values of 13.7 and 22.6 μM, respectively. The NMR data of 6, 8, and 9 were assigned for the first time.
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Amatov T, Gebauer M, Pohl R, Cisařová I, Jahn U. Oxidative radical cyclizations of diketopiperazines bearing an amidomalonate unit. Heterointermediate reaction sequences toward the asperparalines and stephacidins. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:S6-S17. [PMID: 27806645 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1223295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to the diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core of prenylated bridged diketopiperazine alkaloids is described by direct oxidative cyclizations of functionalized diketopiperazines mediated by ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate or the Mn(OAc)3•2H2O/Cu(OTf)2 system. Divergent reaction pathways take place depending on the substitution pattern of the substrates and the oxidation conditions such as temperature or the presence or absence of persistent radical TEMPO. For ester-substituted diketopiperazines, the ester group exerts a significant influence on the reaction outcome and stereochemistry of the radical cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tynchtyk Amatov
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2 , Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Gebauer
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2 , Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2 , Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Cisařová
- b Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8 , Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo namesti 2 , Prague 6, Czech Republic
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11
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Asymmetric construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in the total synthesis of natural products. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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