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Feng Y, Su Y, Liu R, Lv Y. Engineering activatable nanoprobes based on time-resolved luminescence for chemo/biosensing. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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2
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Pacheco-Liñán PJ, Bravo I, Nueda ML, Albaladejo J, Garzón-Ruiz A. Functionalized CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Intracellular pH Measurements by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2106-2117. [PMID: 32551511 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
pH is an important biomarker for many human diseases and great efforts are being made to develop new pH probes for bioimaging and biomedical applications. Here, the use of three different CdSe/ZnS QDs, functionalized with d-penicillamine and small peptides, as pH probes for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is investigated. The fluorescence pH sensitivity of the nanoparticles is analyzed in different experimental media: aqueous solution, synthetic intracellular medium, and mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 and tumoral SK-MEL-2 cell lines. Different experiments along with theoretical calculations are conducted to unravel the mechanisms causing pH sensitivity of the nanoparticles and the effect of the length and composition of the peripheral branches on their photophysical properties. Absolute intracellular pH values measured in live cells with FLIM using a fluorescent probe based on a QD are reported here for the first time (intracellular pH values of 7.0 and 7.1 for C3H10T1/2 and SK-MEL-2 cells, respectively). These fluorescent nanoprobes can also be used to distinguish between different types of cells in cocultures on the basis of their different fluorescence lifetimes in dissimilar intracellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Pacheco-Liñán
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina (UCLM-CSIC), C/ Almansa, 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - María L. Nueda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina (UCLM-CSIC), C/ Almansa, 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - José Albaladejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Andrés Garzón-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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3
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Ripoll C, Roldan M, Contreras-Montoya R, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Martin M, Ruedas-Rama MJ, Orte A. Mitochondrial pH Nanosensors for Metabolic Profiling of Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3731. [PMID: 32466332 PMCID: PMC7279253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of mitochondria, as pivotal organelles for cellular metabolism, is the production of energy (ATP) through an oxidative phosphorylation system. During this process, the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. One of the main features of tumoral cells is their altered metabolism, providing alternative routes to enhance proliferation and survival. Hence, it is of utmost importance to understand the relationship between mitochondrial pH, tumoral metabolism, and cancer. In this manuscript, we develop a highly specific nanosensor to accurately measure the intramitochondrial pH using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Importantly, we have applied this nanosensor to establish differences that may be hallmarks of different metabolic pathways in breast cancer cell models, leading to the characterization of different metabophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Ripoll
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Mar Roldan
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.); (J.J.D.-M.); (M.M)
| | - Rafael Contreras-Montoya
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Diaz-Mochon
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.); (J.J.D.-M.); (M.M)
- Departamento de Quimica Farmaceutica y Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Martin
- GENYO, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Avda Ilustracion 114, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.); (J.J.D.-M.); (M.M)
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Celular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria J. Ruedas-Rama
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Angel Orte
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.J.R.-R.)
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4
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Ripoll C, Orte A, Paniza L, Ruedas-Rama MJ. A Quantum Dot-Based FLIM Glucose Nanosensor. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19224992. [PMID: 31744089 PMCID: PMC6891378 DOI: 10.3390/s19224992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles have been employed for bioimaging and sensing due to their excellent optical features. Most studies have used photoluminescence (PL) intensity-based techniques, which have some drawbacks, especially when working with nanoparticles in intracellular media, such as fluctuations in the excitation power, fluorophore concentration dependence, or interference from cell autofluorescence. Some of those limitations can be overcome with the use of time-resolved spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) techniques. In this work, CdSe/ZnS QDs with long decay times were modified with aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) to achieve QD-APBA conjugates, which can act as glucose nanosensors. The attachment of the boronic acid moiety on the surface of the nanoparticle quenched the PL average lifetime of the QDs. When glucose bonded to the boronic acid, the PL was recovered and its lifetime was enhanced. The nanosensors were satisfactorily applied to the detection of glucose into MDA-MB-231 cells with FLIM. The long PL lifetimes of the QD nanoparticles made them easily discernible from cell autofluorescence, thereby improving selectivity in their sensing applications. Since the intracellular levels of glucose are related to the metabolic status of cancer cells, the proposed nanosensors could potentially be used in cancer diagnosis.
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5
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Ghosh P, Pramanik K, Paul S, Malpaharia P, Chandra SK, Mukhopadhyay SK, Banerjee P. Trace Level Recognition of Zn2+ and Cd2+ by Biocompatible Chemosensor inside Androecium, Diagnosis of Pick’s Disease from Urine and Biomimetic β-Cell Exocytosis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:683-692. [PMID: 34996199 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Ghosh
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Suparna Paul
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) in CSIR-CMERI, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Pijush Malpaharia
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | | | | | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) in CSIR-CMERI, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
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6
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Zhang KY, Yu Q, Wei H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Huang W. Long-Lived Emissive Probes for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1770-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced
Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for
Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
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7
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A Red-Emitting, Multidimensional Sensor for the Simultaneous Cellular Imaging of Biothiols and Phosphate Ions. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18010161. [PMID: 29315248 PMCID: PMC5795539 DOI: 10.3390/s18010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of new fluorescent probes for cellular imaging is currently a very active field because of the large potential in understanding cell physiology, especially targeting anomalous behaviours due to disease. In particular, red-emitting dyes are keenly sought, as the light in this spectral region presents lower interferences and a deeper depth of penetration in tissues. In this work, we have synthesized a red-emitting, dual probe for the multiplexed intracellular detection of biothiols and phosphate ions. We have prepared a fluorogenic construct involving a silicon-substituted fluorescein for red emission. The fluorogenic reaction is selectively started by the presence of biothiols. In addition, the released fluorescent moiety undergoes an excited-state proton transfer reaction promoted by the presence of phosphate ions, which modulates its fluorescence lifetime, τ, with the total phosphate concentration. Therefore, in a multidimensional approach, the intracellular levels of biothiols and phosphate can be detected simultaneously using a single fluorophore and with spectral clearing of cell autofluorescence interferences. We have applied this concept to different cell lines, including photoreceptor cells, whose levels of biothiols are importantly altered by light irradiation and other oxidants.
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8
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Fang L, Trigiante G, Kousseff CJ, Crespo-Otero R, Philpott MP, Watkinson M. Biotin-tagged fluorescent sensor to visualize ‘mobile’ Zn2+ in cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9619-9622. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A biotin-tagged fluorescent sensor was developed to image Zn2+ in cancer cells specifically, which showed no entry to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- The Joseph Priestley Building
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Giuseppe Trigiante
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 2AT
- UK
| | - Christina J. Kousseff
- The Joseph Priestley Building
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- The Joseph Priestley Building
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Michael P. Philpott
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 2AT
- UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- The Joseph Priestley Building
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
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9
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Kaye B, Foster PJ, Yoo TY, Needleman DJ. Developing and Testing a Bayesian Analysis of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169337. [PMID: 28060890 PMCID: PMC5217968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FRET measurements can provide dynamic spatial information on length scales smaller than the diffraction limit of light. Several methods exist to measure FRET between fluorophores, including Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), which relies on the reduction of fluorescence lifetime when a fluorophore is undergoing FRET. FLIM measurements take the form of histograms of photon arrival times, containing contributions from a mixed population of fluorophores both undergoing and not undergoing FRET, with the measured distribution being a mixture of exponentials of different lifetimes. Here, we present an analysis method based on Bayesian inference that rigorously takes into account several experimental complications. We test the precision and accuracy of our analysis on controlled experimental data and verify that we can faithfully extract model parameters, both in the low-photon and low-fraction regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Kaye
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter J. Foster
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Tae Yeon Yoo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Needleman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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10
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Chen R, Huang X, Li J, Shan S, Lai W, Xiong Y. A novel fluorescence immunoassay for the sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk based on catalase-mediated fluorescence quenching of CdTe quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 947:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Areti S, Bandaru S, Rao CP. Triazole-Linked Quinoline Conjugate of Glucopyranose: Selectivity Comparison among Zn 2+, Cd 2+, and Hg 2+ Based on Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Microscopy, and Reversible Sensing of Zn 2+ and the Structure of the Complex Using DFT. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:626-635. [PMID: 31457152 PMCID: PMC6640762 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble triazole-linked quinoline conjugate of glucopyranose (L) has been synthesized and characterized, and its single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) structure has been established. Binding of L toward different biologically relevant metal ions has been studied using fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy in HEPES buffer at pH 7.4. The conjugate L detects Zn2+ and Cd2+ with 30 ± 2 and 14 ± 1-fold fluorescence enhancement, respectively, but in the case of Hg2+, only a fluorescence quench was observed. The stoichiometry of the complex is 1:2 metal ion to the ligand in the case of Zn2+ and Cd2+ resulting in [Zn(L)2] and [Cd(L)2], and it is 1:1 in the case of Hg2+, as confirmed from their electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) spectra. Zn2+ shows greater exothermicity over Cd2+, whereas Hg2+ shows endothermicity , which supports the differences in their binding strength and the nature of the corresponding complex. L exhibits rod-shaped particles and upon complexation with Zn2+, it exhibits sphere-like morphological features in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. However, clustered aggregates are observed in Cd2+, whereas the [HgL] complex exhibits small fused spherical structures, and therefore the signature of these ions is seen in microscopy images. The computational studies revealed that the syn-[Zn(L)2] complex is stabilized by 9.7 kcal mol-1 more than that in the case of anti-[Zn(L)2] owing to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the two glucosyl moieties within the syn-complex. Among the anions studied, [Zn(L)2] is sensitive and selective toward the phosphate ion (H2PO4 -) with a minimum detection limit of 16 ± 2 ppb. Similarly, the [HgL] can act as a secondary sensor for CN- while also exhibiting reversibility. Based on the input-output characteristics, INHIBIT logic gate was built in the case of Zn2+ vs H2PO4 - and IMPLICATION logic gate was built in the case of Hg2+ vs CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaiah Areti
- Bioinorganic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Sateesh Bandaru
- Bioinorganic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- Beijing
Computational Science Research Center, Zhongguancun, Software Park II, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chebrolu Pulla Rao
- Bioinorganic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- E-mail: . Phone: 91 22 2576 7162. Fax: 91 22 2572 3480 (C.P.R.)
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Hildebrandt N, Spillmann CM, Algar WR, Pons T, Stewart MH, Oh E, Susumu K, Díaz SA, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Energy Transfer with Semiconductor Quantum Dot Bioconjugates: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing, Energy Harvesting, and Other Developing Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:536-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas Pons
- LPEM;
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University; CNRS; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Sebastian A. Díaz
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, United States
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