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Shen X, Cao M. Bicontinuous Interfacially Jammed Emulsion Gels (Bijels): Preparation, Control Strategies, and Derived Porous Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:574. [PMID: 38607109 PMCID: PMC11013138 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels, also known as Bijels, are a new type of soft condensed matter. Over the last decade, Bijels have attracted considerable attention because of their unique morphology, property, and broad application prospects. In the present review, we summarize the preparation methods and main control strategies of Bijels, focusing on the research progress and application of Bijels as templates for porous materials preparation in recent years. The potential future directions and applications of Bijels are also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meiwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Department of Biological and Energy Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China;
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2
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Zhang L, Song A, Hao J. Polymerizable bijels prepared by a direct-mixing method. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13997-14000. [PMID: 37938091 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple direct-mixing method was proposed to use a union of silica particles and amino-capped silicone oil (diNH2-PDMS) as stabilizers to form bicontinuous emulsion gels (bijels) in wide mixing proportions of silica particle/diNH2-PDMS and oil/water with a tunable channel size of the spatial continuity, which was verified by the three-dimensional reconstruction viewer and curvature analysis. By direct polymerization of the oil phase as a template, solid materials were obtained with interconnected structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Aixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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3
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Zhang L, Tian Y, Song A, Hao J. Particle-Polymer Union with Changeable Wettability for Constructing Bijels Using a Simple Mixing Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16513-16521. [PMID: 37932941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous emulsion gels (bijels) are nonequilibrium dispersed systems with particle-stabilized continuous fluid domains, and the internal connectivity of channels brings the possibility of efficient mass transport, endowing bijels great potential in diverse applications. Different from the common method to produce bijels, the spinodal decomposition, which needs precise temperature control and is restricted by the selection of liquid pairs, in this work, a direct mixing method was performed to construct bijels, simplifying the fabrication process. The hydrophilic rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) particles were in situ combined with the hydrophobic polymer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-NH2), to acquire a controllable interfacial wettability of CNC. The CNC@mPDMS-NH2 complexes were adsorbed at the water-toluene interface and achieved a change of Pickering emulsion types, oil-in-water, bijel, and water-in-oil, through tuning the interfacial performance of CNC@mPDMS-NH2 complexes. A three-dimensional scanning image and curvature calculation were applied to verify the obtained bijel, further demonstrating the successful preparation of the bicontinuous structure. This work enriched the members of particles for stabilizing bijels and was considered to be scalable in manufacturing for applications on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanmei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Aixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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4
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Sprockel AJ, Khan MA, de Ruiter M, Alting MT, Macmillan KA, Haase MF. Fabrication of bijels with sub-micron domains via a single-channel flow device. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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5
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Xi Y, Murphy RP, Zhang Q, Zemborain A, Narayanan S, Chae J, Choi SQ, Fluerasu A, Wiegart L, Liu Y. Rheology and dynamics of a solvent segregation driven gel (SeedGel). SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:233-244. [PMID: 36511219 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous structures promise applications in a broad range of research fields, such as energy storage, membrane science, and biomaterials. Kinetically arrested spinodal decomposition is found responsible for stabilizing such structures in different types of materials. A recently developed solvent segregation driven gel (SeedGel) is demonstrated to realize bicontinuous channels thermoreversibly with tunable domain sizes by trapping nanoparticles in a particle domain. As the mechanical properties of SeedGel are very important for its future applications, a model system is characterized by temperature-dependent rheology. The storage modulus shows excellent thermo-reproducibility and interesting temperature dependence with the maximum storage modulus observed at an intermediate temperature range (around 28 °C). SANS measurements are conducted at different temperatures to identify the macroscopic solvent phase separation during the gelation transition, and solvent exchange between solvent and particle domains that is responsible for this behavior. The long-time dynamics of the gel is further studied by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). The results indicate that particles in the particle domain are in a glassy state and their long-time dynamics are strongly correlated with the temperature dependence of the storage modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Xi
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Aurora Zemborain
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Junsu Chae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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6
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Vanoli V, Massobrio G, Pizzetti F, Mele A, Rossi F, Castiglione F. Bijels as a Fluid Labyrinth for Drugs: The Effect of Nanoparticles on the Release Kinetics of Ethosuximide and Dimethyl Fumarate. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:42845-42853. [PMID: 36467913 PMCID: PMC9713867 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bijels (bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels) raised an increasing interest as biomaterials for controlled drug delivery due to their biphasic nature organized in mesoscopic tortuous domains. Two bijel formulations were prepared and explored as delivery systems for both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, ethosuximide and dimethyl fumarate. The two bijel-like structures, based on polymerized ε-caprolactone/water, differ in the stabilizing nanoparticle hydroxyapatite (inorganic) and nanogel-based nanoparticles (organic). Diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to characterize the bijel structure and the transport behavior of the drug molecules confined within the water/organic interconnected domains. A reduced diffusion coefficient is observed for several concentrations of the drugs and both bijel formulations. Moreover, in vitro release profiles also reveal the effect of the microstructure and drug-nanoparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vanoli
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci, 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Massobrio
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci, 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Pizzetti
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci, 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci, 32, 20133Milano, Italy
- CNR
Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci, 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci, 32, 20133Milano, Italy
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7
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Aqueous foams and emulsions stabilized by mixtures of silica nanoparticles and surfactants: A state-of-the-art review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Shekhar C, Kiran A, Mehandia V, Dugyala VR, Sabapathy M. Droplet-Bijel-Droplet Transition in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Stabilized by Oppositely Charged Nanoparticles: A Simple Pathway to Fabricate Bijels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7055-7066. [PMID: 34096292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel yet straightforward methodology of stabilizing aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) using oppositely charged nanoparticles (OCNPs). We employ commercial-grade, Ludox, OCNPs to induce self-assembly. This self-assembly route promotes the stronger adsorption of nanoparticles at the water-water interface by triggering the formation of 2D and 3D aggregates of varying sizes and shapes. The interplay of this size and shape promotes stability due to increased Gibbs detachment energy and modulates the resulting cluster adsorption at the interface, thereby the structural state of emulsions. We demonstrate the influence of polymers' and particles' composition on the structural transformation from droplet-bijel-droplet using a phase diagram. For the first time, such a structural transition and the single pathway are reported within the domain of ATPS to produce stable bijels or colloidal capsules. It is asserted that the essential condition of three-phase contact angle (θ) = 90° to favor the formation of bijels can be established by selecting a suitable experimental condition using a phase diagram without employing any complicated surface modification procedures reported in the literature. Further, the mechanistic route favoring the formation of bijels and emulsion droplets at different experimental regimes is presented based on the empirical study using turbidity and zeta potential measurements. These studies reveal that the formation of bijels will be most favored when the parameter M (ratio of weight fraction of positively charged nanoparticles to negatively charged nanoparticles) is chosen between 0.7 and 4. It is intriguing to note the fact that, while the droplets stabilized by OCNPs have shown good resilience under high centrifugal action, the bijels produced in this way continued to remain stable for a long time, offering a facile route to prepare the bijels with a hierarchical bicontinuous network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Vishwajeet Mehandia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Venkateshwar Rao Dugyala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Manigandan Sabapathy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
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9
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Xi Y, Leão JB, Ye Q, Lankone RS, Sung LP, Liu Y. Controlling Bicontinuous Structures through a Solvent Segregation-Driven Gel. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2170-2178. [PMID: 33533619 PMCID: PMC11165622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen increased research interest in studying bicontinuous structures formed via colloidal self-assembly due to their many useful applications. A new type of colloidal gel, solvent segregation-driven gel (SeedGel), has been recently demonstrated as an effective approach to arrest bicontinuous structures with unique and intriguing properties, such as thermoreversibility, structural reproducibility, and sensitive temperature response. Here, using a model system with silica particles in the 2,6-lutidine/water binary solvent, we investigate the factors controlling the domain size of a SeedGel system by varying the particle concentration, solvent ratio, and quenching protocol. A phase diagram is identified to produce SeedGels for this model system. Our results indicate that by adjusting the sample composition, it is possible to realize bicontinuous domains with well-controlled repeating distances (periodicities). In addition, the effect of quenching rate on the domain size is systematically investigated, showing that it is a very sensitive parameter to control domain sizes. By further heating SeedGel up into the spinodal region, the structure evolution under high temperatures is also investigated and discussed. These results provide important insights into how to control bicontinuous structures in SeedGel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Xi
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Juscelino B Leão
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Qiang Ye
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ronald S Lankone
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Li-Piin Sung
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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10
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Xi Y, Lankone RS, Sung LP, Liu Y. Tunable thermo-reversible bicontinuous nanoparticle gel driven by the binary solvent segregation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:910. [PMID: 33568668 PMCID: PMC7876140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicontinuous porous structures through colloidal assembly realized by non-equilibrium process is crucial to various applications, including water treatment, catalysis and energy storage. However, as non-equilibrium structures are process-dependent, it is very challenging to simultaneously achieve reversibility, reproducibility, scalability, and tunability over material structures and properties. Here, a novel solvent segregation driven gel (SeedGel) is proposed and demonstrated to arrest bicontinuous structures with excellent thermal structural reversibility and reproducibility, tunable domain size, adjustable gel transition temperature, and amazing optical properties. It is achieved by trapping nanoparticles into one of the solvent domains upon the phase separation of the binary solvent. Due to the universality of the solvent driven particle phase separation, SeedGel is thus potentially a generic method for a wide range of colloidal systems. Bicontinuous porous materials made by colloidal self-assemblies have many applications. Xi et al. utilize colloidal particles dispersed in a binary solvent to form thermo-reversible bicontinuous gel structures with good reproducibility and scalability, and tunable structural and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Xi
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ronald S Lankone
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Li-Piin Sung
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA. .,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. .,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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11
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Cao Q, Amini S, Kumru B, Schmidt BVKJ. Molding and Encoding Carbon Nitride-Containing Edible Oil Liquid Objects via Interfacial Toughening in Waterborne Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4643-4651. [PMID: 33463148 PMCID: PMC7877700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Charge interaction-driven jamming of nanoparticle monolayers at the oil-water interface can be employed as a method to mold liquids into tailored stable 3D liquid objects. Here, 3D liquid objects are fabricated via a combination of biocompatible aqueous poly(vinyl sulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution and a colloidal dispersion of highly fluorescent organo-modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in edible sunflower oil. The as-formed liquid object shows stability in a broad pH range, as well as flexible pathways for efficient exchange of molecules at the liquid-liquid interphase, which allows for photodegradation of rhodamine B at the interface via visible light irradiation that also enables an encoding concept. The g-C3N4-based liquid objects point toward various applications, for example, all-liquid biphasic photocatalysis, artificial compartmentalized systems, liquid-liquid printing, or bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, U.K.
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12
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Ji X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zang D. Interfacial viscoelasticity and jamming of colloidal particles at fluid-fluid interfaces: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:126601. [PMID: 32998118 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abbcd8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal particles can be adsorbed at fluid-fluid interfaces, a phenomenon frequently observed in particle-stabilized foams, Pickering emulsions, and bijels. Particles adsorbed at interfaces exhibit unique physical and chemical behaviors, which affect the mechanical properties of the interface. Therefore, interfacial colloidal particles are of interest in terms of both fundamental and applied research. In this paper, we review studies on the adsorption of colloidal particles at fluid-fluid interfaces, from both thermodynamic and mechanical points of view, and discuss the differences as compared with surfactants and polymers. The unique particle interactions induced by the interfaces as well as the particle dynamics including lateral diffusion and contact line relaxation will be presented. We focus on the rearrangement of the particles and the resultant interfacial viscoelasticity. Particular emphasis will be given to the effects of particle shape, size, and surface hydrophobicity on the interfacial particle assembly and the mechanical properties of the obtained particle layer. We will also summarize recent advances in interfacial jamming behavior caused by adsorption of particles at interfaces. The buckling and cracking behavior of particle layers will be discussed from a mechanical perspective. Finally, we suggest several potential directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ji
- Soft Matter & Complex Fluids Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Institute of Welding and Surface Engineering Technology, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Duyang Zang
- Soft Matter & Complex Fluids Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, People's Republic of China
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13
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Di Vitantonio G, Lee D, Stebe KJ. Fabrication of solvent transfer-induced phase separation bijels with mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5848-5853. [PMID: 32181471 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels), in which the oil and water phases are co-continuous throughout the structure, have potential for applications in separation, catalysis, tissue engineering and energy devices. Among the possible fabrication paths, the solvent transfer-induced phase separation (STRIPS) method has proven to be a powerful approach to produce bijels in a continuous fashion with a broad selection of liquids and nanoparticles. The successful formation of bicontinuous domains requires the use of neutrally wetting particles which was achieved by in situ modification of silica nanoparticles with an oppositely charged surfactant. This approach, however, is not ideal for applications that are adversely affected by the presence of surfactant. In this work, we use a pair of nanoparticles, one hydrophilic, and the other hydrophobic, to stabilize STRIPS bijels without any surfactants and show that the ratio of the hydrophilic to hydrophobic nanoparticles required to form stable bijels changes with the polarity of the oil phase. Highly non-polar oils require a smaller ratio than moderately polar oils. Furthermore, if a sufficiently polar oil is selected, STRIPS bijels can be stabilized using only the hydrophilic nanoparticle. Our results demonstrate the potential to imbue the interface of biphasic liquid mixtures such as bijels with multifunctionality by using two functional nanoparticles of opposite polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Vitantonio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 S. 33rd Street, Towne Bldg., USA.
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14
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Björkegren S, Freixiela Dias MCA, Lundahl K, Nordstierna L, Palmqvist A. Phase Inversions Observed in Thermoresponsive Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Surface Functionalized Colloidal Silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2357-2367. [PMID: 32075376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the emulsification performance of functionalized colloidal silica is explored with the aim to achieve phase inversion of particle-stabilized (Pickering) emulsion systems. An increased understanding of inversion conditions can facilitate surfactant-free emulsion fabrication and expand its use in industrial applications. Phase inversion was achieved by adjusting the temperature but without changing the composition of the emulsion formulation. Silica nanoparticles modified with hydrophobic propyl groups and hydrophilic methyl poly(ethylene)glycol (mPEG) groups are used as emulsifiers, enabling control of the wettability of the particles and exploration of phase inversion phenomena, the latter due to the thermoresponsiveness of the attached PEG chains. The phase inversion conditions as well as the reversibility of the emulsion systems were examined at varying electrolyte concentrations and pH values of the suspensions. Transitional phase inversions, from oil-in-water and water-in-oil and back, were observed in functionalized silica particle-stabilized butanol emulsions at distinct temperatures. The phase inversion temperature was affected by electrolyte concentration and pH conditions due to salting-out effects, PEG-silica interactions, and the effects of the particle surface charge. Investigations of phase inversion conditions, temperature, and hysteresis effects in Pickering emulsions can improve the theoretical understanding of these phenomena and facilitate the implementation of low-energy emulsion preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Björkegren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, SE-445 80 Bohus, Sweden
| | | | - Kristina Lundahl
- Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, SE-445 80 Bohus, Sweden
| | - Lars Nordstierna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmqvist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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15
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Yook S, Isik T, Ortalan V, Cakmak M. Anisotropic phase-separated morphology of polymer blends directed by electrically pre-oriented clay platelets. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2104-2113. [PMID: 32016253 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02379h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a general pathway to prepare an anisotropic phase-separated polystyrene (PS) - poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blend morphology by using electrically pre-orientated clay platelets. The clay platelets were oriented in a PS/PVME blend by means of an externally applied AC electric field while the blend is in one phase. Following orientation step, phase separation of the blends was induced by a temperature jump above their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in the presence of the oriented clay platelets. In this process, an early stage co-continuous PS/PVME morphology coarsened and turned anisotropic phase-separated morphology parallel to the direction defined by clay planes oriented by AC electric field. The degree of anisotropy of PS/PVME phase-separated morphology was characterized by image analysis and that was found to be linearly proportional to the degree of orientation of clay platelets obtained by a 2D Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of the blend morphology revealed that clay platelets oriented to AC field direction were located in a PVME phase. The electrically ordered column structures of clay platelets in the PVME phase yielded anisotropic PS diffusion during the phase separation. This process provides a unique new way to develop directionally organized phase-separated morphology from partially miscible binary blends using nanoparticles in combination with an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Yook
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Tugba Isik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Volkan Ortalan
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Mukerrem Cakmak
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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16
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Macmillan KA, Royer JR, Morozov A, Joshi YM, Cloitre M, Clegg PS. Rheological Behavior and in Situ Confocal Imaging of Bijels Made by Mixing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10927-10936. [PMID: 31347847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bijels (bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels) have the potential to be useful in many different applications due to their internal connectivity and the possibility of efficient mass transport through the channels. Recently, new methods of making the bijel have been proposed, which simplify the fabrication process, making commercial application more realistic. Here, we study the flow properties of bijels prepared by mixing alone using oscillatory rheology combined with confocal microscopy and also squeezing flow experiments. We found that the bijel undergoes a two-step yielding process where the first step corresponds to the fluidizing of the interface, allowing the motion of the structure, and the second step corresponds to the breaking of the structure. In the squeeze flow experiments, the yield stress of the bijel is observed to show a power law dependence on squeezing speed. However, when stress in excess of yield stress is plotted against shear rate, all the different squeeze flow data show a superposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Macmillan
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Edinburgh , James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FD , U.K
| | - John R Royer
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Edinburgh , James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FD , U.K
| | - Alexander Morozov
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Edinburgh , James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FD , U.K
| | - Yogesh M Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Michel Cloitre
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials , CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 10 Rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Paul S Clegg
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Edinburgh , James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FD , U.K
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17
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Ettelaie R, Murray BS, Liu S. On the Origin of Seemingly Nonsurface-Active Particles Partitioning between Phase-Separated Solutions of Incompatible Nonadsorbing Polymers and Their Adsorption at the Phase Boundary. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9493-9503. [PMID: 31240936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have computed the free energy per unit area (i.e., interfacial tension) between a solid surface and two coexisting polymer solutions, where there is no specific interaction between the particles and either polymer, via self-consistent field calculations. Several different systems have been studied, including those where the two polymers differ in molecular weight (Mw) by a factor of ∼2 or where the polymers have the same Mw, but one set of chains is branched with the other linear. In the absence of any enthalpic contribution resulting from adsorption on the solid particle surface, the differences in the free energy per unit area resulting from the polymer-depleted regions around the particles in the two coexisting phases are found to be ∼1 μN m-1. Although this value may seem rather small, this difference is more than capable of inducing the partitioning of particles of 100 nm in size (or larger) into the phase with the lower interfacial free energy at the solid surface. By examining the density profile variation of the polymers close to the surface, we can also infer information about the wettability and contact angle (θ) of solid particles at the interface between the two coexisting phases. This leads to the conclusion that for all systems of this type, when the incompatibility between the two polymers is sufficiently large, θ will be close to 90°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammile Ettelaie
- Food Colloids & Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , U.K
| | - Brent S Murray
- Food Colloids & Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , U.K
| | - Shujie Liu
- Food Colloids & Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , U.K
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
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18
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Li T, Klebes J, Dobnikar J, Clegg PS. Controlling the morphological evolution of a particle-stabilized binary-component system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5575-5578. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work bridges the morphological evolution in particle-stabilized low molecular weight liquids and that in polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | | | - Jure Dobnikar
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Paul S. Clegg
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Edinburgh
- James Clerk Maxwell Building
- Edinburgh
- UK
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19
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Particle-based stabilization of water-in-water emulsions containing mixed biopolymers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Shi S, Russell TP. Nanoparticle Assembly at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: From the Nanoscale to Mesoscale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800714. [PMID: 30035834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, novel syntheses of a wide range of nanoparticles (NPs) with well-defined chemical composition and structure have opened tremendous opportunities in areas ranging from optical and electronic devices to biomedical markers. Controlling the assembly of such well-defined NPs is important to effectively harness their unique properties. The assembly of NPs at liquid-liquid interfaces is becoming a central topic both in surface and colloid science. Hierarchical structures, including 2D films, 3D capsules, and structured liquids, have been generating significant interest and are showing promise for physical, chemical, and biological applications. Here, a brief overview of the development of the self-assembly of NPs at liquid-liquid interfaces is provided, from theory to experiment, from synthetic NPs to bio-nanoparticles, from water-oil to water-water, and from "liquid-like" to "solid-like" assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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21
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Kong M, Chen G, Xi S, Huang Y, Li G. Morphology Mapping of Nanoparticle-Filled Immiscible Polymer Blends in Flow: The Existence of a Critical Ratio between Nanoparticle Concentration and Droplet Concentration. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11550-11557. [PMID: 31459254 PMCID: PMC6645428 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The delicate flow-induced morphology of immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene blends in the presence of silica nanoparticles (NPs) is investigated in a multiparameter space. The morphology map constructed based on in situ morphology observation reveals that a critical ratio of NP concentration to droplet concentration, which strongly depends on the NP surface chemistries and the ratio of the NP concentration to the droplet concentration, exists. Below or above the critical ratio, the NPs display diverse effects on the morphology (promote or suppress droplet coalescence). These results can be interpreted by the competition between the bridging mechanism (acceleratory effect) and the enhanced viscoelasticity (inhibitory effect) exerted by the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics and College of Polymer
Science and
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Guangling Chen
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics and College of Polymer
Science and
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Shuting Xi
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics and College of Polymer
Science and
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Yajiang Huang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics and College of Polymer
Science and
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Guangxian Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics and College of Polymer
Science and
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
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22
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Wei P, Luo Q, Edgehouse KJ, Hemmingsen CM, Rodier BJ, Pentzer EB. 2D Particles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces: Assembly and Templating of Hybrid Structures for Advanced Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21765-21781. [PMID: 29897230 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluid-fluid interfaces have widespread applications in personal care products, the food industry, oil recovery, mineral processes, etc. and are also important and versatile platforms for generating advanced materials. In Pickering emulsions, particles stabilize the fluid-fluid interface, and their presence reduces the interfacial energy between the two fluids. To date, most Pickering emulsions stabilized by 2D particles make use of clay platelets or GO nanosheets. These systems have been used to template higher order hybrid, functional materials, most commonly, armored polymer particles, capsules, and Janus nanosheets. This review discusses the experimental and computational study of the assembly of sheet-like 2D particles at fluid-fluid interfaces, with an emphasis on the impact of chemical composition, and the use of these assemblies to prepare composite structures of dissimilar materials. The review culminates in a perspective on the future of Pickering emulsions using 2D particle surfactants, including new chemical modification and types of particles as well as the realization of properties and applications not possible with currently accessible systems, such as lubricants, porous structures, delivery, coatings, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Wei
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Qinmo Luo
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Katelynn J Edgehouse
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Christina M Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Bradley J Rodier
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Emily B Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
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23
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Shi S, Liu X, Li Y, Wu X, Wang D, Forth J, Russell TP. Liquid Letters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705800. [PMID: 29334135 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using the interfacial jamming of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) surfactants, a new concept, termed all-liquid molding, is introduced to produce all-liquid objects that retain the shape and details of the mold with high fidelity, yet remain all liquid and are responsive to external stimuli. This simple process, where the viscosity of the CNC dispersion can range from that of water to a crosslinked gel, opens tremendous opportunities for encapsulation, delivery systems, and unique microfluidic devices. The process described is generally applicable to any functionalized nanoparticles dispersed in one liquid and polymer ligands having complementary functionality dissolved in a second immiscible liquid. Such sculpted liquids retain all the characteristics of the liquids but retain shape indefinitely, very much like a solid, and provide a new platform for next-generation soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xubo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuefei Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Joe Forth
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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24
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Huang C, Forth J, Wang W, Hong K, Smith GS, Helms BA, Russell TP. Bicontinuous structured liquids with sub-micrometre domains using nanoparticle surfactants. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:1060-1063. [PMID: 28945242 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous jammed emulsions (or bijels) are tortuous, interconnected structures of two immiscible liquids, kinetically trapped by colloidal particles that are irreversibly bound to the oil-water interface. A wealth of applications has been proposed for bijels in catalysis, energy storage and molecular encapsulation, but large domain sizes (on the order of 5 µm or larger) and difficulty in fabrication pose major barriers to their use. Here, we show that bijels with sub-micrometre domains can be formed via homogenization, rather than spinodal decomposition. We achieve this by using nanoparticle surfactants: polymers and nanoparticles of complementary functionality (for example, ion-pairing) that bind to one another at the oil-water interface. This allows the stabilization of the bijel far from the demixing point of the liquids, with interfacial tensions on the order of 20 mN m-1. Furthermore, our strategy is extremely versatile, as solvent, nanoparticle and ligand can all be varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caili Huang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Conte Center for Polymer Research, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Joe Forth
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Conte Center for Polymer Research, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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25
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Cai D, Clegg PS, Li T, Rumble KA, Tavacoli JW. Bijels formed by direct mixing. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4824-4829. [PMID: 28676878 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00897j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By combining interfacial nanoparticles and molecular surfactants together with immiscible liquids of high viscosity, we develop an alternative strategy for creating bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels). These bijels are prepared from common ingredients which are widely used in industry: glycerol, silicone oil, silica nanoparticles together with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant. We tune the sample composition and develop a multi-step mixing protocol to achieve a tortuous arrangement of liquid domains. We show that the nanoparticle location changes from one of the phases to the interface during mixing. The changes in both the microscopic and macroscopic sample configuration after a waiting time of months were assessed. In order for the structure to have long-term stability we find that the densities of the two phases must be similar which we achieved by filling one of the phases with nanoparticle-stabilised droplets of the other. This work paves the way to the production of bijels using fully immiscible liquids and hence their exploitation in many application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Cai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
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26
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27
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Rumble KA, Thijssen JHJ, Schofield AB, Clegg PS. Compressing a spinodal surface at fixed area: bijels in a centrifuge. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4375-4383. [PMID: 27098233 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) are solid-stabilised emulsions with two inter-penetrating continuous phases. Employing the method of centrifugal compression we find that macroscopically the bijel yields at relatively low angular acceleration. Both continuous phases escape from the top of the structure, making any compression immediately irreversible. Microscopically, the bijel becomes anisotropic with the domains aligned perpendicular to the compression direction which inhibits further liquid expulsion; this contrasts strongly with the sedimentation behaviour of colloidal gels. The original structure can, however, be preserved close to the top of the sample and thus the change to an anisotropic structure suggests internal yielding. Any air bubbles trapped in the bijel are found to aid compression by forming channels aligned parallel to the compression direction which provide a route for liquid to escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rumble
- School of Physics and Astronomy, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3FD.
| | - Job H J Thijssen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3FD.
| | - Andrew B Schofield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3FD.
| | - Paul S Clegg
- School of Physics and Astronomy, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3FD.
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