1
|
Morino Y, Otoyama M, Okumura T, Kuratani K, Takemoto S, Ito D, Sano H. Elucidating the Reductive Decomposition Mechanism in Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Li 4SnS 4. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38653212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The sulfide solid electrolyte Li4SnS4 has garnered considerable interest due to its exceptional moisture durability, which is attributed to its stable hydrated state. However, a major limitation of certain sulfide solid electrolytes, including Li4SnS4, is their low reduction durability, which limits their application in the negative electrodes of all-solid-state batteries and impedes qualitative material development assessments. In this study, we introduced a quantitative and straightforward method for evaluating the reductive decomposition of Li4SnS4 to better understand its degradation mechanism. The configuration of the electrochemical evaluation cell was modified from SUS|Li4SnS4|Li to SUS|Li4SnS4|Li3PS4|Li, allowing for stabilization of the reference potential of the counter electrode. The reductive decomposition potential of Li4SnS4 was quantitatively assessed by using cyclic voltammetry in a two-layer electrochemical evaluation cell. We observed a minor irreversible reduction current below +1.2 V and a pronounced decomposition peak at +1.0 V. Notably, reductive decomposition continued below 0 V, which is typically the onset point for Li electrodeposition. Postreduction, the solid electrolyte was comprehensively analyzed through optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These analyzes revealed the following: (i) The SnS44- unit in Li4SnS4 initially decomposes into Li2S and β-Sn with the dissociation of the Sn-S bond; (ii) the resulting β-Sn forms LixSn alloys such as Li0.4Sn; and (iii) the ongoing reductive decomposition reaction is facilitated by the electronic conductivity of these LixSn alloys. These findings offer crucial methodological and mechanistic insights into the development of higher-performance solid electrolyte materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Morino
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Misae Otoyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Toyoki Okumura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kuratani
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Takemoto
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sano
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun S, Liu C, Liang J, Wang W, Li R, Zhao L, Dai C. Alkali-Ion Intercalation Chemistry and Phase Evolution of Sn 4P 3. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8283-8295. [PMID: 38453719 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite its high theoretical capacities, Sn4P3 anodes in alkali-ion batteries (AIBs) have been plagued by electrode damage and capacity decay during cycling, mainly rooted in the huge volume changes and irreversible phase segregation. However, few reports endeavor to ascertain whether these causes bear relevance to phase evolution upon cycling. Moreover, the phase evolution mechanism for alkali-ion intercalation remains imprecise. Herein, the structural transformations and detailed mechanisms upon various alkali-ion intercalation processes are systematically revealed, utilizing both experimental techniques and theoretical simulations. The results reveal that the energy storage of Sn4P3 occurs in a two-stage process, starting from an insertion process, followed by a transition process. As the cycle proceeds, the final delithiated/desodiated/depotassiated components gradually trap alkali ions (Li+, Na+, and K+), which is attributed to the incomplete electrochemical transition and difficulty in Sn4P3 regeneration due to the kinetic limitations in removing M (M = Li, Na, and K). Furthermore, Sn4P3 anode obeys the "shrinking core mechanism" in potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), wherein a minor fraction of Sn4P3 in the outer layer of the particles is initially involved in the potassiation/depotassiation processes, followed by a gradual participation of the inner parts until the entire particle is involved. It is worth mentioning that K-Sn alloys are not found to exist during the transition process of KIBs; instead, K-Sn-P phases are found, which makes it differ from that in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). These findings are expected to deepen the understanding of the reaction mechanism of Sn4P3 and enlighten the material designs for improved performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of New Energy, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Liang
- Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhong Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsong Dai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lei X, Zhao J, Wang J, Su D. Tracking lithiation with transmission electron microscopy. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
4
|
Yuan T, Tang R, Xiao F, Zuo S, Wang Y, Liu J. Modifying SiO as a ternary composite anode material((SiOx/G/SnO2)@C) for Lithium battery with high Li-ion diffusion and lower volume expansion. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
5
|
Wu X, Wu H, Xie B, Wang R, Wang J, Wang D, Shi Q, Diao G, Chen M. Atomic Welded Dual-Wall Hollow Nanospheres for Three-in-One Hybrid Storage Mechanism of Alkali Metal Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14125-14136. [PMID: 34328313 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of hierarchical hollow nanomaterials is of critical significance in energy storage materials. Herein, dual-wall hollow nanospheres (DWHNS) Sn/MoS2@C are constructed by in situ confined growth and interface engineering. The inner hollow spheres of Sn/MoS2 are formed by atomic soldering MoS2 nanosheets with liquid Sn at high temperature. The formation mechanism of the hierarchical structure is explored by the morphology evolutions at different temperatures. The DWHNS Sn/MoS2@C manifest abundant inner space and high specific surface area, which provides more support sites for Li+/Na+/K+ storage and alleviates the volume effect of tin-based electrode materials to a certain extent. The composite material manifests an outstanding specific capacity and satisfactory reversibility of lithium ion batteries (∼931 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 500 cycles), sodium ion batteries (∼432 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 400 cycles), and potassium ion batteries (∼226 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 300 cycles). Additionally, the morphology evolution and mechanism analysis of DWHNS Sn/MoS2@C in alkali metal ion batteries are verified by ex situ measurement, which confirms the three-in-one hybrid storage mechanism, i.e., intercalation reaction of carbon shells, conversion reaction of MoS2, and alloying reaction of tin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Denggui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaofang Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowang Diao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dopilka A, Childs A, Ovchinnikov A, Zhao R, Bobev S, Peng X, Chan CK. Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Type VIII Ba 8Ga 16-δSn 30+δ Clathrate (δ ≈ 1) during Lithiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42564-42578. [PMID: 34477361 PMCID: PMC8447186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clathrates of the tetrel (Tt = Si, Ge, Sn) elements are host-guest structures that can undergo Li alloying reactions with high capacities. However, little is known about how the cage structure affects the phase transformations that take place during lithiation. To further this understanding, the structural changes of the type VIII clathrate Ba8Ga16-δSn30+δ (δ ≈ 1) during lithiation are investigated and compared to those in β-Sn with ex situ X-ray total scattering measurements and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The results show that the type VIII clathrate undergoes an alloying reaction to form Li-rich amorphous phases (LixBa0.17Ga0.33Sn0.67, x = 2-3) with local structures similar to those in the crystalline binary Li-Sn phases that form during the lithiation of β-Sn. As a result of the amorphous phase transition, the type VIII clathrate reacts at a lower voltage (0.25 V vs Li/Li+) compared to β-Sn (0.45 V) and goes through a solid-solution reaction after the initial conversion of the crystalline clathrate phase. Cycling experiments suggest that the amorphous phase persists after the first lithiation and results in considerably better cycling than in β-Sn. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that topotactic Li insertion into the clathrate lattice is not favorable due to the high energy of the Li sites, which is consistent with the experimentally observed amorphous phase transformation. The local structure in the clathrate featuring Ba atoms surrounded by a cage of Ga and Sn atoms is hypothesized to kinetically circumvent the formation of Li-Sn or Li-Ga crystalline phases, which results in better cycling and a lower reaction voltage. Based on the improved electrochemical performance, clathrates could act as tunable precursors to form amorphous Li alloying phases with novel electrochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dopilka
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876106, Tempe, Arizona 85827, United
States
| | - Amanda Childs
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexander Ovchinnikov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ran Zhao
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Svilen Bobev
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Xihong Peng
- College
of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona
State University Polytechnic Campus, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Candace K. Chan
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876106, Tempe, Arizona 85827, United
States
- Department
of Heterogenous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen W, Liu C, Ji X, Joseph J, Tang Z, Ouyang J, Xiao Y, Kong N, Joshi N, Farokhzad OC, Tao W, Xie T. Stanene-Based Nanosheets for β-Elemene Delivery and Ultrasound-Mediated Combination Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7155-7164. [PMID: 33434327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a superior modality for cancer treatment owing to the non-invasiveness and high tissue-penetrating depth. However, developing biocompatible nanomaterial-based sonosensitizers with efficient SDT capability remains challenging. Here, we employed a liquid-phase exfoliation strategy to obtain a new type of two-dimensional (2D) stanene-based nanosheets (SnNSs) with a band gap of 2.3 eV, which is narrower than those of the most extensively studied nano-sonosensitizers, allowing a more efficient US-triggered separation of electron (e- )-hole (h+ ) pairs for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition, we discovered that such SnNSs could also serve as robust near-infrared (NIR)-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) agents owing to their efficient photothermal conversion, and serve as nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery owing to the inherent 2D layered structure. This study not only presents general nanoplatforms for SDT-enhanced combination cancer therapy, but also highlights the utility of 2D SnNSs to the field of nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.,Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhongmin Tang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yufen Xiao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen W, Liu C, Ji X, Joseph J, Tang Z, Ouyang J, Xiao Y, Kong N, Joshi N, Farokhzad OC, Tao W, Xie T. Stanene‐Based Nanosheets for β‐Elemene Delivery and Ultrasound‐Mediated Combination Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Zhongmin Tang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Yufen Xiao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Winkler B, Juarez-Arellano E, Morgenroth W, Barkov A, Dippel AC, Zimmermann M, Ivashko O, Gutowski O. Pt2AuCuNiSn, a new noble metal single-phase high entropy alloy. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Formation of spherical Sn particles by reducing SnO 2 film in floating wire-assisted H 2/Ar plasma at atmospheric pressure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17770. [PMID: 33082404 PMCID: PMC7576790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A green method to synthesize spherical Sn particles by reducing SnO2 film in atmospheric-pressure H2/Ar plasma at low temperatures for various applications is presented. The floating wire-assisted remotely-generated plasma with a mixture of 0.05% H2/Ar gas formed spherical metallic Sn particles by reducing a SnO2 layer on glass substrate. During the reduction process, H radical density was measured by using vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and plasma properties including electron density and gas temperature were diagnosed by optical emission spectroscopy. The inductively coupled generated plasma with a high electron density of 1014 cm−3, a hydrogen atom density of 1014 cm−3, and a gas temperature of 940 K was obtained at a remote region distance of 150 mm where the SnO2/glass substrate was placed for plasma treatment. The process has been modeled on the spherical Sn formation based on the reduction of SnO2 films using H radicals. Depending on the treatment condition, the total reduction area, where spherical Sn particles formed, was enlarged and could reach 300 mm2 after 2 min. The substrate temperature affected the expansion rate of the total reduction area and the growth of the Sn spheres.
Collapse
|
11
|
Düttmann A, Bottke P, Plaggenborg T, Gutsche C, Parisi J, Knipper M, Kolny-Olesiak J. Converting bimetallic M (M = Ni, Co, or Fe)-Sn nanoparticles into phosphides: a general strategy for the synthesis of ternary metal phosphide nanocrystals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2663-2673. [PMID: 36132738 PMCID: PMC9419847 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00203k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ternary metal tin phosphides are promising candidates for electrochemical or catalytic applications. Nevertheless, their synthesis, neither as bulk nor nanomaterials is well investigated in the literature. Here, we describe a general synthetic strategy to convert bimetallic M-Sn (M = Ni, Co, and Fe) nanoparticles to ternary metal phosphides by decomposition of tributylphosphine at 300 °C. At high phosphorus concentrations, Ni3Sn4 nanoparticles convert to hybrid structured Ni2SnP and β-Sn. The CoSn2 and FeSn2 nanoparticles undergo a phosphorization, too and form hybrid nanocrystals reported here for the first time, containing ternary or binary phosphides. We identified the crystal structure of the nanoparticles via XRD and HRTEM measurements using the diffraction data given for Ni2SnP in literature. We were able to locate the Ni2SnP and β-Sn crystal structure within the nanoparticles to demonstrate the phase composition of the nanoparticles. By transferring the synthesis to cobalt and iron, we obtained nanoparticles exhibiting similar hybrid structures and ternary element compositions for Co-Sn-P and binary Fe-P and FeSn2 compositions. In the last step, we used the given information to propose a conversion mechanism from the binary M-Sn nanoparticles through phosphorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Düttmann
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11 Oldenburg 26129 Germany
| | - Patrick Bottke
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11 Oldenburg 26129 Germany
| | - Thorsten Plaggenborg
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11 Oldenburg 26129 Germany
| | - Christian Gutsche
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11 Oldenburg 26129 Germany
| | - Jürgen Parisi
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11 Oldenburg 26129 Germany
| | - Martin Knipper
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11 Oldenburg 26129 Germany
| | - Joanna Kolny-Olesiak
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11 Oldenburg 26129 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
This electrode is best served cold—a reversible electrochemical lithiation of a gray cubic tin. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-3983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
13
|
Ferraresi G, Villevieille C, Czekaj I, Horisberger M, Novák P, El Kazzi M. SnO 2 Model Electrode Cycled in Li-Ion Battery Reveals the Formation of Li 2SnO 3 and Li 8SnO 6 Phases through Conversion Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8712-8720. [PMID: 29442493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
SnO2 is an attractive negative electrode for Li-ion battery owing to its high specific charge compared to commercial graphite. However, the various intermediate conversion and alloy reactions taking place during lithiation/delithiation, as well as the electrolyte stability, have not been fully elucidated, and many ambiguities remain. An amorphous SnO2 thin film was investigated for use as a model electrode by a combination of postmortem X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supported by density functional theory calculations and scanning electron microscopy to shed light on these different processes. The early stages of lithiation reveal the presence of multiple overlapping reactions leading to the formation of Li2SnO3 and Sn0 phases between 2 and 0.8 V vs Li+/Li. Between 0.45 V and 5 mV vs Li+/Li Li8SnO6, Li2O and Li xSn phases are formed. Electrolyte reduction occurs simultaneously in two steps, at 1.4 and 1 V vs Li+/Li, corresponding to the decomposition of the LiPF6 salt and ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate solvents, respectively. Most of the reactions during delithiation are reversible up to 1.5 V vs Li+/Li, with the reappearance of Sn0 accompanied by the decomposition of Li2O. Above 1.5 V vs Li+/Li, Sn0 is partially reoxidized to SnO x. This process tends to limit the conversion reactions in favor of the alloy reaction, as also confirmed by the long-term cycling samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Izabela Czekaj
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Krakow University of Technology , 31-155 Krakow , Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wiemers-Meyer S, Winter M, Nowak S. A battery cell for in situ NMR measurements of liquid electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4962-4966. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08653e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of an in situ battery cell to monitor the liquid electrolyte by means of NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wiemers-Meyer
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 48149 Münster
| | - Sascha Nowak
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|