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Ferrocene Molecular Architectures Grafted on Si(111): A Theoretical Calculation of the Standard Oxidation Potentials and Electron Transfer Rate Constant. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10101109. [PMID: 28934134 PMCID: PMC5666915 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The standard oxidation potential and the electron transfer (ET) rate constants of two silicon-based hybrid interfaces, Si(111)/organic-spacer/Ferrocene, are theoretically calculated and assessed. The dynamics of the electrochemical driven ET process is modeled in terms of the classical donor/acceptor scheme within the framework of “Marcus theory”. The ET rate constants, kET, are determined following calculation of the electron transfer matrix element, VRP, together with the knowledge of the energy of the neutral and charge separated systems. The recently introduced Constrained Density Functional Theory (CDFT) method is exploited to optimize the structure and determine the energy of the charge separated species. Calculated ET rate constants are kET=77.8 s−1 and kET=1.3×10−9 s−1, in the case of the short and long organic-spacer, respectively.
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Sassi M, Salamone MM, Beverina L, Longoni G, Fontanesi C, Vanossi D, Cigarini L, Ruffo R. An Integrated Theoretical/Experimental Study of Quinolinic-Isoquinolinic Derivatives Acting as Reversible Electrochromes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:ma10070802. [PMID: 28773162 PMCID: PMC5551845 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of compounds, featuring an ethenylic bridge and quinoline and isoquinoline end capping units possessing systematically varied substitution patterns, were prepared as molecular materials for electrochromic applications. The different structures were optimized in order to maximize the electrochromic contrast in the visible region, mostly by achieving a completely UV-absorbing oxidized state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are exploited in order to rationalize the correlation between the molecular structure, the functional groups' electronic properties, and the electrochemical behavior. It is shown that the molecular planarity (i.e. ring/ring π conjugation) plays a major role in defining the mechanism of the electrochemical charge transfer reaction, while the substituent's nature has an influence on the LUMO energy. Among the compounds here studied, the (E)-10-methyl-9-(2-(2-methylisoquinolinium-1-yl)-vinyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacri-dinium trifluoromethanesulfonate derivative shows the most interesting properties as an electrochromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sassi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Matteo M Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Beverina
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Longoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Luigi Cigarini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
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Deshmukh R, Niederberger M. Mechanistic Aspects in the Formation, Growth and Surface Functionalization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents. Chemistry 2017; 23:8542-8570. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Deshmukh
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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