1
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Srivastava P, Elles CG. A Single-Shot Technique for Measuring Broadband Two-Photon Absorption Spectra in Solution. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38949250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Applications involving two-photon activation, including two-photon fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy, and 3D data storage, require precise knowledge of the two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra of target chromophores. Broadband pump-probe spectroscopy using femtosecond laser pulses provides wavelength-dependent 2PA spectra with absolute cross sections, but the measurements are sometimes complicated by cross-phase modulation effects and dispersion of the broadband probe. Here, we introduce a single-shot approach that eliminates artifacts from cross-phase modulation and enables more rapid measurements by avoiding the need to scan the time delay between the pump and the probe pulses. The approach uses counterpropagating beams to automatically integrate over the full interaction between the two pulses as they cross. We demonstrate this single-shot approach for a common 2PA reference, coumarin 153 (C153), in three different solvents using the output from a Yb:KGW laser. This approach provides accurate 2PA cross sections that are more reliable and easier to obtain compared with scanning pump-probe methods using copropagating laser beams. The single-shot method for broadband two-photon absorption (BB-2PA) spectroscopy also has significant advantages compared with single-wavelength measurements, such as z-scan and two-photon fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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2
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Ijaz R, Waqas M, Mahal A, Essid M, Zghab I, Khera RA, Alotaibi HF, Al-Haideri M, Alshomrany AS, Zahid S, Alatawi NS, Aloui Z. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of selenophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based non-fullerene acceptor to obtain efficient organic solar cells through end-capped modification. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108745. [PMID: 38442441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
With the goal of developing a high-performance organic solar cell, nine molecules of A2-D-A1-D-A2 type are originated in the current investigation. The optoelectronic properties of all the proposed compounds are examined by employing the DFT approach and the B3LYP functional with a 6-31G (d, p) basis set. By substituting the terminal moieties of reference molecule with newly proposed acceptor groups, several optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics of OSCs have been studied, which are improved to a significant level when compared with reference molecule, i.e., absorption properties, excitation energy, exciton binding energy, band gap, oscillator strength, electrostatic potential, light-harvesting efficiency, transition density matrix, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, density of states and interaction coefficient. All the newly developed molecules (P1-P9) have improved λmax, small band gap, high oscillator strengths, and low excitation energies compared to the reference molecule. Among all the studied compounds, P9 possesses the least binding energy (0.24 eV), P8 has high interaction coefficient (0.70842), P3 has improved electron mobility due to the least electron reorganization energy (λe = 0.009182 eV), and P5 illustrates high light-harvesting efficiency (0.7180). P8 and P9 displayed better Voc results (1.32 eV and 1.33 eV, respectively) and FF (0.9049 and 0.9055, respectively). Likewise, the phenomenon of charge transfer in the PTB7-Th/P1 blend seems to be a marvelous attempt to introduce them in organic photovoltaics. Consequently, the outcomes of these parameters demonstrate that adding new acceptors to reference molecule is substantial for the breakthrough development of organic solar cells (OSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Ijaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imen Zghab
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Al-Haideri
- Pharmacy Department, School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali S Alshomrany
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, Mecca 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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de Wergifosse M, Grimme S. The eXact integral simplified time-dependent density functional theory (XsTD-DFT). J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204110. [PMID: 38805556 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the framework of simplified quantum chemistry methods, we introduce the eXact integral simplified time-dependent density functional theory (XsTD-DFT). This method is based on the simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT), where all semi-empirical two-electron integrals are replaced by exact one- and two-center two-electron integrals, while other approximations from sTD-DFT are kept. The performance of this new parameter-free XsTD-DFT method was benchmarked on excited state and (non)linear response properties, including ultra-violet/visible absorption, first hyperpolarizability, and two-photon absorption (2PA). For a set of 77 molecules, the results from the XsTDA approach were compared to the TDA data. XsTDA/B3LYP excitation energies only deviate on average by 0.14 eV from TDA while drastically cutting computational costs by a factor of 20 or more depending on the energy threshold chosen. The absolute deviations of excitation energies with respect to the full scheme are decreasing with increasing system size, showing the suitability of XsTDA/XsTD-DFT to treat large systems. Comparing XsTDA and its predecessor sTDA, the new scheme generally improves excitation energies and oscillator strengths, in particular, for charge transfer states. TD-DFT first hyperpolarizability frequency dispersions for a set of push-pull π-conjugated molecules are faithfully reproduced by XsTD-DFT, while the previous sTD-DFT method provides redshifted resonance energy positions. Excellent performance with respect to the experiment is observed for the 2PA spectrum of the enhanced green fluorescent protein. The obtained robust accuracy similar to TD-DFT at a fraction of the computational cost opens the way for a plethora of applications for large systems and in high throughput screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Division (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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4
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Elayan IA, Rib L, A Mendes R, Brown A. Beyond Explored Functionals: A Computational Journey of Two-Photon Absorption. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3879-3893. [PMID: 38648613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We present a thorough investigation into the efficacy of 19 density functional theory (DFT) functionals, relative to RI-CC2 results, for computing two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections (σ2PA) and key dipole moments (|μ00|, |μ11|, |Δμ|, |μ01|) for a series of coumarin dyes in the gas-phase. The functionals include different categories, including local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), hybrid-GGA (H-GGA), range-separated hybrid-GGA (RSH-GGA), meta-GGA (M-GGA), and hybrid M-GGA (HM-GGA), with 14 of them being subjected to analysis for the first time with respect to predicting σ2PA values. Analysis reveals that functionals integrating both short-range (SR) and long-range (LR) corrections, particularly those within the RSH-GGA and HM-GGA classes, outperform the others. Furthermore, the range-separation approach was found more impactful compared to the varying percentages of Hartree-Fock exchange (HF Ex) within different functionals. The functionals traditionally recommended for 2PA do not appear among the top 9 in our study, which is particularly interesting, as these top-performing functionals have not been previously investigated in this context. This list is dominated by M11, QTP variants, ωB97X, ωB97X-V, and M06-2X, surpassing the performance of other functionals, including the commonly used CAM-B3LYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Elayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Laura Rib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rodrigo A Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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5
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Kumar A, Sevilla MD, Sanche L. How a Single 5 eV Electron Can Induce Double-Strand Breaks in DNA: A Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4053-4062. [PMID: 38652830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Low-energy (<20 eV) electrons (LEEs) can resonantly interact with DNA to form transient anions (TAs) of fundamental units, inducing single-strand breaks (SSBs), and cluster damage, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs). Shape resonances, which arise from electron capture in a previously unfilled orbital, can induce only a SSB, whereas a single core-excited resonance (i.e., two electrons in excited orbitals of the field of a hole) has been shown experimentally to cause cluster lesions. Herein, we show from time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) that a core-excited resonance can produce a DSB, i.e., a single 5 eV electron can induce two close lesions in DNA. We considered the nucleotide with the G-C base pair (ds[5'-G-3']) as a model for electron localization in the DNA double helix and calculated the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of excited states of the ground-state TA of ds[5'-G-3'], which correspond to shape and core-excited resonances. The calculations show that shape TAs start at ca. 1 eV, while core-excited TAs occur only above 4 eV. The energy profile of each excited state and the corresponding PES are obtained by simultaneously stretching both C5'-O5' bonds of ds[5'-G-3']. From the nature of the PES, we find two dissociative (σ*) states localized on the PO4 groups at the C5' sites of ds[5'-G-3']. The first σ* state at 1 eV is due to a shape resonance, while the second σ* state is induced by a core-excited resonance at 5.4 eV. As the bond of the latter state stretches and arrives close to the dissociation limit, the added electron on C transfers to C5' phosphate, thus demonstrating the possibility of producing a DSB with only one electron of ca. 5 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Michael D Sevilla
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Leon Sanche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology and Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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6
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Zhu H, Zhang D, Sun X, Qian S, Feng E, Sheng X. Intramolecular charge transfer enhanced optical limiting in novel hydrazone derivatives with a D 1-D-A i-π-A structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12150-12161. [PMID: 38587789 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The present paper investigates one of the hydrazone derivatives (BTH with a D-π-A structure) based on density functional theory. With the computation results of ground state absorption (GSA), excited-state absorption (ESA) and multi-photon absorption (MPA), the optical limiting effect observed in the experiment for the BTH molecule can be well predicted and elucidated by the MPA-ESA mechanism. The analysis of the hole-electron and the electron density differences between two transition states reveal that the main transitions involved in the GSA and ESA of BTH could be recognized as local excitation. Based on these observations, four novel hydrazone derivatives based on the BTH unit with a D1-D-Ai-π-A structure were designed to promote intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). It shows that the ICT effect is well improved by adding the D1 and Ai units. Compared with the original BTH molecule, the main bands of GSA and ESA of D1-D-Ai-π-A molecules are both red-shifted. In addition, GSA, ESA and MPA probabilities are all improved because the obvious charge transfer character results in the transition dipole moment change from localized to delocalized. Accordingly, the optical limiting effect in these hydrazone derivatives is well enhanced. These observations provide guidance for designing novel optical limiting materials based on the hydrazone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Xianghao Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Shifeng Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Eryin Feng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Xiaowei Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China.
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7
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Wang W, Mao Y, Yang Z, Chen M. Theoretical study on photoinduced charge transfer in one-photon and two-photon absorption of branching oligofluorenes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123826. [PMID: 38181622 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Oligofluorenes have been identified as very promising two-photon absorption (TPA) materials and present great application potential for the fabrication of nonlinear optical devices, but the TPA mechanism and corresponding electron excitation properties have not been studied. Here, the photoinduced charge transfer characteristics of V-shaped and Y-shaped branching oligofluorenes that consist of two and three fluorene units in each branch during one-photon absorption (OPA) and TPA processes are analyzed theoretically using the density functional theory and visualization sum-over-states model. The calculated results show that the OPA intensity and TPA cross-section are significantly enhanced by increasing the branch length or changing the structure from V-shaped to Y-shaped. The long-distance charge transfer only occurs on the second transition of TPA at high excited states. Compared to Y-shaped molecules, V-shaped structures exhibit a stronger cooperative effect among the different branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Ye Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Zijiang Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
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8
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Ali S, Akhter MS, Waqas M, Zubair H, Bhatti HN, Mahal A, Shawky AM, Alkhouri A, Khera RA. End-capped engineering of Quinoxaline core-based non-fullerene acceptor materials with improved power conversion efficiency. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108699. [PMID: 38150839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Improving the light-harvesting efficiency and boosting open circuit voltage are crucial challenges for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells. This work introduces seven new molecules (SA1-SA7) to upgrade the optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of Q-C-F molecule-based solar cells. All recently designed molecules have the same alkyl-substituted Quinoxaline core and CPDT donor but vary in the end-capped acceptor subunits. All the investigated molecules have revealed superior properties than the model (R) by having absorbance ranging from 681 nm to 782 nm in the gaseous medium while 726 nm-861 nm in chloroform solvent, with the lowest band gap ranging from 1.91 to 2.19 eV SA1 molecule demonstrated the highest λmax (861 nm) in chloroform solvent and the lowest band gap (1.91 eV). SA2 molecule has manifested highest dipole moment (4.5089 D), lower exciton binding energy in gaseous (0.33 eV) and chloroform solvent (0.47 eV), and lower charge mobility of hole (0.0077693) and electron (0.0042470). At the same time, SA7 showed the highest open circuit voltage (1.56 eV) and fill factor (0.9166) due to solid electron-pulling acceptor moieties. From these supportive outcomes, it is inferred that our computationally investigated molecules may be promising candidates to be used in advanced versions of OSCs in the upcoming period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P. O. Box 32028, Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alkhouri
- College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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9
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Rauwolf N, Klopper W, Holzer C. Non-linear light-matter interactions from the Bethe-Salpeter equation. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:061101. [PMID: 38341783 DOI: 10.1063/5.0191499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A route to assess non-linear light-matter interactions from the increasingly popular GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) method is outlined. In the present work, the necessary analytic expressions within the static-screened exchange approximation of the BSE are derived. This enables a straightforward implementation of the computation of the first hyperpolarizability as well as two-photon absorption processes for molecular systems. Benchmark calculations on small molecular systems reveal that the GW-BSE method is intriguingly accurate for predicting both first hyperpolarizabilities and two-photon absorption strengths. Using state-of-the-art Kohn-Sham references as a starting point, the accuracy of the GW-BSE method rivals that of the coupled-cluster singles-and-doubles method, outperforming both second-order coupled-cluster and time-dependent density-functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rauwolf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Noor T, Waqas M, Shaban M, Hameed S, Ateeq-ur-Rehman, Ahmed SB, Alrafai HA, Al-Saeedi SI, Ibrahim MAA, Hadia NMA, Khera RA, Hassan AA. Designing Thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Core-Based, A 2-D-A 1-D-A 2-Type Acceptor Molecules for Promising Photovoltaic Parameters in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6403-6422. [PMID: 38375499 PMCID: PMC10876087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Nonfullerene-based organic solar cells can be utilized as favorable photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices due to their enhanced life span and efficiency. In this research, seven new molecules were designed to improve the working efficiency of organic solar cells by utilizing a terminal acceptor modification approach. The perceived A2-D-A1-D-A2 configuration-based molecules possess a lower band gap ranging from 1.95 to 2.21 eV compared to the pre-existing reference molecule (RW), which has a band gap of 2.23 eV. The modified molecules also exhibit higher λmax values ranging from 672 to 768 nm in the gaseous and 715-839 nm in solvent phases, respectively, as compared to the (RW) molecule, which has λmax values at 673 and 719 nm in gas and chloroform medium, respectively. The ground state geometries, molecular planarity parameter, and span of deviation from the plane were analyzed to study the planarity of all of the molecules. The natural transition orbitals, the density of state, molecular electrostatic potential, noncovalent interactions, frontier molecular orbitals, and transition density matrix analysis of all studied molecules were executed to validate the optoelectronic properties of these molecules. Improved charge mobilities and dipole moments were observed, as newly designed molecules possessed lower internal reorganization energies. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of W4, W5, W6, and W7 among newly designed molecules was improved as compared to the reference molecule. These results elaborate on the superiority of these novel-designed molecules over the pre-existing (RW) molecule as potential blocks for better organic solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Noor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics
and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Shanza Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ateeq-ur-Rehman
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samia Ben Ahmed
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. A. Alrafai
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department
of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School
of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abeer A. Hassan
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of chemistry, Faculty of science for Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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11
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Ahmadzadeh K, Li X, Rinkevicius Z, Norman P, Zaleśny R. Toward Accurate Two-Photon Absorption Spectrum Simulations: Exploring the Landscape beyond the Generalized Gradient Approximation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:969-974. [PMID: 38252270 PMCID: PMC10839899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present a pioneering analysis of the density functional approximations (DFAs) beyond the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for predicting two-photon absorption (2PA) strengths of a set of push-pull π-conjugated molecules. In more detail, we have employed a variety of meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA) functionals, including SCAN, MN15, and M06-2X, to assess their accuracy in describing the 2PA properties of a chosen set of 48 organic molecules. Analytic quadratic response theory is employed for these functionals, and their performance is compared against the previously studied DFAs and reference data obtained at the coupled-cluster CC2 level combined with the resolution-of-identity approximation (RI-CC2). A detailed analysis of the meta-GGA functional performance is provided, demonstrating that they improve upon their predecessors in capturing the key electronic features of the π-conjugated two-photon absorbers. In particular, the Minnesota functional MN15 shows very promising results as it delivers pleasingly accurate chemical rankings for two-photon transition strengths and excited-state dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Ahmadzadeh
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xin Li
- PDC
Center for High Performance Computing, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zilvinas Rinkevicius
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-51368, Lithuania
| | - Patrick Norman
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Michon MA, Chmielniak P, Weber PM, Rose-Petruck C. Two-photon chemistry of tetrahydrofuran in clathrate hydrates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2568-2579. [PMID: 38170862 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
High-lying electronic states hold the potential for new and unusual photochemical reactions. However, for conventional single-photon excitation in the condensed phase, reaching these states is often not possible because the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light required is competitively absorbed by the surrounding matrix rather than the molecule of interest. Here, this hurdle is overcome by leveraging nonresonant two-photon absorption (2PA) at 265 nm to achieve preferential photolysis of tetrahydrofuran (THF) trapped within a clathrate hydrate network at 77 K. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy enables direct observation and identification of otherwise short-lived organic radicals stabilized by the clathrate cages, providing clues into the rapid dynamics that immediately follow photoexcitation. 2PA induces extensive fragmentation of enclathrated THF yielding 1-alkyl, acyl, allyl and methyl radicals-a stark departure from the reactive motifs commonly reported in γ-irradiated hydrates. We speculate on the undetected transient dynamics and explore the potential role of trapped electrons generated from water and THF. This demonstration of nonresonant two-photon chemistry presents an alternative approach to targeted condensed phase photochemistry in the VUV energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Michon
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, 02912, Rhode Island, USA.
| | - Pawel Chmielniak
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, 02912, Rhode Island, USA.
| | - Peter M Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, 02912, Rhode Island, USA.
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13
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Zahoor A, Sadiq S, Khera RA, Essid M, Aloui Z, Alatawi NS, Ibrahim MAA, Hasanin THA, Waqas M. A DFT study for improving the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells by designing symmetric non-fullerene acceptors by quantum chemical modification on pre-existed LC81 molecule. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108613. [PMID: 37659133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing the energy loss and improving the open circuit voltage of organic solar cells is still a primary concern for scientists working in this field. With the aim to enhance the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells by minimizing energy loss and improving open circuit voltage, seven new acceptor molecules (LC1-LC7) are presented in this work. These molecules are designed by modifying the terminal acceptors of pre-existed "LC81" molecule based on an indacinodithiophene (IDT) fused core. The end-group modification approach is very fruitful in ameliorating the efficacy and optoelectric behavior of OSCs. The newly developed molecules presented remarkable improvements in performance-related parameters and optoelectronic properties. Among all designed molecules, LC7 exhibited the highest absorption maxima (λmax = 869 nm) with the lowest band-gap (1.79 eV), lowest excitation energy (Ex = 1.42 eV), lowest binding energy, and highest excited state lifetime (0.41 ns). The newly designed molecules LC2, LC3, and LC4 exhibited remarkably improved Voc that was 1.84 eV, 1.82 eV, and 1.79 eV accordingly, compared to the LC81 molecule with Voc of 1.74 eV LC2 molecule showed significant improvement in fill factor compared to the previously presented LC81 molecule. LC2, LC6, and LC7 showed a remarkable reduction in energy loss by showing Eloss values of 0.26 eV, 0.18 eV, and 0.25 eV than LC81 molecule (0.37 eV). These findings validate the supremacy of these developed molecules (especially LC2) as potential components of future OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Tamer H A Hasanin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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14
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Larsson ED, Reinholdt P, Hedegård ED, Kongsted J. Accuracy of One- and Two-Photon Intensities with the Extended Polarizable Density Embedding Model. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9905-9914. [PMID: 37948667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed extended polarizable density embedding (PDE-X) model is evaluated for the spectroscopic properties of organic chromophores solvated in water, including both one- and two-photon absorption properties. The PDE-X embedding model systematically improves vertical excitation energies over the preceding polarizable density embedding model (PDE). PDE-X shows more modest improvements over existing embedding models for oscillator strengths and two-photon absorption cross-sections, which are more sensitive properties. We argue that the origin of these discrepancies is related to the description of polarization effects, suggesting directions for future development of the embedding model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Dennis Larsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Donovan Hedegård
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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15
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Hao XL, Ren AM, Zhou L. Research and Design of Aggregation-Regulated Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Time-Resolved Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Imaging and Biological Monitoring. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10309-10317. [PMID: 37943283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the nature of aggregation-regulated thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and proposing effective design strategies for two-photon excited TADF materials for time-resolved biological imaging and monitoring are urgent and encouraging. In this work, it is found that the aggregation effect not only plays an important role in decreasing the internal conversion decay rate but also strongly influences the singlet-triplet excited-state energy difference as well as the intersystem crossing rate. It is proposed that the transformation from prompt fluorescence materials to long lifetime TADF or phosphorescence materials can be accomplished by regulating the position of substituent groups, which provides an effective method to design and develop long afterglow materials. Then, a high-performance TADF compound with a large two-photon absorption cross section in the biological window (112 GM/775 nm), high TADF efficiency (nearly 100%), and long fluorescence lifetime (50.75 μs) has been designed, which demonstrates the potential application in time-resolved two-photon excited fluorescence imaging and biological detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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16
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Fu L, Huang H, Zuo Z, Peng Y. A Single Organic Fluorescent Probe for the Discrimination of Dual Spontaneous ROS in Living Organisms: Theoretical Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:6983. [PMID: 37836826 PMCID: PMC10574373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-organic-molecule fluorescent probes with double-lock or even multi-lock response modes have attracted the attention of a wide range of researchers. The number of corresponding reports has rapidly increased in recent years. The effective application of the multi-lock response mode single-molecule fluorescent probe has improved the comprehensive understanding of the related targets' functions or influences in pathologic processes. Building a highly efficient functional single-molecule fluorescent probe would benefit the diagnosis and treatment of corresponding diseases. Here, we conducted a theoretical analysis of the synthesizing and sensing mechanism of this kind of functional single-molecule fluorescent probe, thereby guiding the design and building of new efficient probes. In this work, we discuss in detail the electronic structure, electron excitation, and fluorescent character of a recently developed single-molecule fluorescent probe, which could achieve the discrimination and profiling of spontaneous reactive oxygen species (ROS, •OH, and HClO) simultaneously. The theoretical results provide insights that will help develop new tools for fluorescent diagnosis in biological and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongjin Peng
- Modern Industry School of Health Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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17
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Zhang C, Yang Y, Gan S, Ren A, Zhou YB, Li J, Xiang DJ, Wang WL. Photophysical Exploration of Alectinib and Rilpivirine: Insights from Theory and Experiment. Molecules 2023; 28:6172. [PMID: 37630424 PMCID: PMC10458258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the excellent characteristics of fluorescence-based imaging, such as non-invasive detection of biomarkers in vitro and in vivo with high sensitivity, good spatio-temporal resolution and fast response times, it has shown significant prospects in various applications. Compounds with both biological activities and fluorescent properties have the potential for integrated diagnosis and treatment application. Alectinib and Rilpivirine are two excellent drugs on sale that represent a clinically approved targeted therapy for ALK-rearranged NSCLC and have exhibited more favorable safety and tolerance profiles in Phase III clinical trials, ECHO and THRIVE, respectively. The optical properties of these two drugs, Alectinib and Rilpivirine, were deeply explored, firstly through the simulation of molecular structures, electrostatic potential, OPA/TPA and emission spectral properties and experiments on UV-vis spectra, fluorescence and cell imaging. It was found that Alectinib exhibited 7.8% of fluorescence quantum yield at the 450 nm excited wavelength, due to a larger electronic transition dipole moment (8.41 Debye), bigger charge transition quantity (0.682 e) and smaller reorganization energy (2821.6 cm-1). The stronger UV-vis spectra of Rilpivirine were due to a larger electron-hole overlap index (Sr: 0.733) and were also seen in CDD plots. Furthermore, Alectinib possessed obvious active two-photon absorption properties (δmaxTPA* ϕ = 201.75 GM), which have potential TPA imaging applications in bio-systems. Lastly, Alectinib and Rilpivirine displayed green fluorescence in HeLa cells, suggesting the potential ability for biological imaging. Investigation using theoretical and experimental methods is certainly encouraged, given the particular significance of developing integrated diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Suya Gan
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Aimin Ren
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road 2#, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Da-Jun Xiang
- Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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18
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Baig H, Iqbal A, Rasool A, Hussain SZ, Iqbal J, Alazmi M, Alshammari N, Alazmi A, AlGhadhban A, Sulieman AME, Said KB, Rehman HU, Saleem RSZ. Synthesis and Photophysical, Electrochemical, and DFT Studies of Piperidyl and Pyrrolidinyl Chalcones. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28499-28510. [PMID: 37576679 PMCID: PMC10413825 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Small organic molecules with interesting optical and electrochemical properties find applications as organic luminescent materials. In this work, we report the synthesis of novel chalcones with D-A-D and D-A-D-A architecture, followed by their optical, electrochemical, and computational studies. The absorption band of these compounds occurs at 360-480 nm with emission maxima appearing around 513-552 nm. The large Stokes shifts (Δλ) for all compounds (90-132 nm) suggest intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the excited states. The molar absorptivity and fluorescence quantum yields were found to be in the range of 1.7-4.26 × 104 M-1 cm-1 and 0.29-0.39, respectively. The electrochemical parameters were determined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of all compounds were made by using B3LYP/G (d,p) functionals in chloroform and were found to have a good correlation with experimental results. Preliminary studies of absorption, photoluminescence, CV, and their theoretical correlation suggest that these compounds may be optimized for their applications in optoelectronics, sensing, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humera Baig
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science
and Engineering, Lahore University of Management
Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Amber Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science
and Engineering, Lahore University of Management
Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Rasool
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science
and Engineering, Lahore University of Management
Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Meshari Alazmi
- College
of Computer Science and Engineering, University
of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- College
of Sciences, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Alazmi
- Department
of Science and Technology, University Colleges
at Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al Batin, Nairiyah, 31981, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer AlGhadhban
- College of
Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kamaleldin B. Said
- Department
of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habib-ur Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science
and Engineering, Lahore University of Management
Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science
and Engineering, Lahore University of Management
Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
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19
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Avramopoulos A, Reis H, Tzeli D, Zaleśny R, Papadopoulos MG. Photoswitchable Molecular Units with Tunable Nonlinear Optical Activity: A Theoretical Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:5646. [PMID: 37570617 PMCID: PMC10419997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The first-, second-, and third-order molecular nonlinear optical properties, including two-photon absorption of a series of derivatives, involving two dithienylethene (DTE) groups connected by several molecular linkers (bis(ethylene-1,2-dithiolato)Ni- (NiBDT), naphthalene, quasilinear oligothiophene chains), are investigated by employing density functional theory (DFT). These properties can be efficiently controlled by DTE switches, in connection with light of appropriate frequency. NiBDT, as a linker, is associated with a greater contrast, in comparison to naphthalene, between the first and second hyperpolarizabilities of the "open-open" and the "closed-closed" isomers. This is explained by invoking the low-lying excited states of NiBDT. It is shown that the second hyperpolarizability can be used as an index, which follows the structural changes induced by photochromism. Assuming a Förster type transfer mechanism, the intramolecular excited-state energy transfer (EET) mechanism is studied. Two important parameters related to this are computed: the electronic coupling (VDA) between the donor and acceptor fragments as well as the overlap between the absorption and emission spectra of the donor and acceptor groups. NiBDT as a linker is associated with a low electronic coupling, VDA, value. We found that VDA is affected by molecular geometry. Our results predict that the linker strongly influences the communication between the open-closed DTE groups. The sensitivity of the molecular nonlinear optical properties could assist with identification of molecular isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heribert Reis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (H.R.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Manthos G. Papadopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (H.R.); (M.G.P.)
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20
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Jiao Y, Dong X, Ran X, Deng Q, Xiao H, Wang Z, Zhang T. Theoretical characterization of two-photon fluorescent probes for nitric oxide detection: sensing mechanism, photophysical properties and protonation effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:19932-19942. [PMID: 37458714 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01091k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule in biological systems and is correlated with many physiological processes and pathological diseases. To date, numerous fluorescent probes based on o-diamino aromatics have been designed and synthesized for NO detection utilizing the principle of photoinduced electron transfer (PET). However, the underlying PET mechanism has rarely been validated, and a systematic computational study on the photophysical properties is urgently desired. In this study, we used a theoretical protocol to comparatively investigate the sensing mechanism, photophysical properties and protonation effects of two emblematic probes NINO and PYSNO in aqueous solution, which combines a polarizable continuum model (PCM), time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and thermal vibration correlation function formalism (TVCF). Our findings reveal that the weak emission of NINO is due to activated PET with negative driving energy and blocked fluorescence with significant charge separation. In contrast, the poor luminescence of PYSNO is caused by the facilitated non-radiative dissipation, even though the fluorescence emission remains unobstructed. Although NINO has been successfully used in two-photon microscopy for detecting NO, we suggest that PYSNO possesses a superior two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section in the near-infrared region. The protonation effects suggest that both probes can function effectively in practical acidic lysosomal environments. Our study opens a new avenue for understanding the mechanism and predicting the properties of two-photon fluorescent probes for NO detection, thus aiding the rational design of efficient fluorescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Xin Ran
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Qiyun Deng
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Haibin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Zhiming Wang
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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21
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Cui WB, Wei X, Guo JF, Hao XL, Zou LY, Wang S, Li H, Su ZM, Ren AM. Molecular Design of Highly Efficient Heavy-Atom-free NpImidazole Derivatives for Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy and ClO - Detection. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4392-4404. [PMID: 37418660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon photodynamic therapy (TP-PDT), as a treatment technology with deep penetration and less damage, provides a broad prospect for cancer treatment. Nowadays, the development of TP-PDT suffers from the low two-photon absorption (TPA) intensity and short triplet state lifetime of photosensitizers (PSs) used in TP-PDT. Herein, we propose some novel modification strategies based on the thionated NpImidazole (the combination of naphthalimide and imidazole) derivatives to make efforts on those issues and obtain corresponding fluorescent probes for detecting ClO- and excellent PSs for TP-PDT. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) are used to help us characterize the photophysical properties and TP-PDT process of the newly designed compounds. Our results show that the introduction of different electron-donating groups at the position 4 of NpImidazole can effectively improve their TPA and emission properties. Specifically, 3s with a N,N-dimethylamino group has a large triplet state lifetime (τ = 699 μs) and TPA cross section value (δTPA = 314 GM), which can effectively achieve TP-PDT; additionally, 4s (with electron-donating group 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptane in NpImidazole) effectively realizes the dual-function of a PS for TP-PDT (τ = 25,122 μs, δTPA = 351 GM) and a fluorescent probe for detecting ClO- (Φf = 29% of the product 4o). Moreover, an important problem is clarified from a microscopic perspective, that is, why the transition property of 3s and 4s (1π-π*) from S1 to S0 is different from that of 1s and 2s (1n-π*). It is hoped that our work can provides valuable theoretical clues for the design and synthesis of heavy-atom-free NpImidazole-based PSs and fluorescent probes for the detection of hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Cui
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wei
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Fu Guo
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utililzation, Changchun, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Yi Zou
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
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22
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Aslopovsky VR, Scherbinin AV, Kleshchina NN, Bochenkova AV. Impact of the Protein Environment on Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Sections of the GFP Chromophore Anion Resolved at the XMCQDPT2 Level of Theory. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11266. [PMID: 37511026 PMCID: PMC10379633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for fluorescent proteins with large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections and improved brightness is required for their efficient use in bioimaging. Here, we explored the impact of a single-point mutation close to the anionic form of the GFP chromophore on its TPA activity. We considered the lowest-energy transition of EGFP and its modification EGFP T203I. We focused on a methodology for obtaining reliable TPA cross-sections for mutated proteins, based on conformational sampling using molecular dynamics simulations and a high-level XMCQDPT2-based QM/MM approach. We also studied the numerical convergence of the sum-over-states formalism and provide direct evidence for the applicability of the two-level model for calculating TPA cross-sections in EGFP. The calculated values were found to be very sensitive to changes in the permanent dipole moments between the ground and excited states and highly tunable by internal electric field of the protein environment. In the case of the GFP chromophore anion, even a single hydrogen bond was shown to be capable of drastically increasing the TPA cross-section. Such high tunability of the nonlinear photophysical properties of the chromophore anions can be used for the rational design of brighter fluorescent proteins for bioimaging using two-photon laser scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav R Aslopovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Scherbinin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Kleshchina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Bochenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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23
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Elayan IA, Brown A. Degenerate and non-degenerate two-photon absorption of coumarin dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37318284 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00723e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy is a robust bioimaging tool that depends on the determined cross-sections (σ2PA). The absorption of both photons occurs simultaneously with equivalent (degenerate) or different (non-degenerate) photon energies, D-2PA and ND-2PA, respectively. The former has been investigated experimentally and computationally for many systems, while the latter remains relatively unexplored computationally and limited experimentally. In this study, response theory using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the 2-state model (2SM) have been utilized to investigate σD-2PA and σND-2PA for the excitation to the lowest energy singlet state (S1) of coumarin, coumarin 6, coumarin 120, coumarin 307, and coumarin 343. Solvents involved were methanol (MeOH), chloroform (ClForm), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), where the latter leads to the largest σ2PA. Values of σ2PA are largest for coumarin 6 and lowest for coumarin, which illustrates the effect of substituents. The 2SM clarifies how the largest cross-sections correspond to molecules with the largest transition dipole moments, μ01. In general, σD-2SM computations agree with σD-2PA. Moreover, σND-2SM are in qualitative agreement with σND-2PA with comparable enhancement relative to σD-2PA. Overall, σND-2PA are larger than σD-2PA where the increase is in the range of 22% to 49%, depending on the coumarin as well as the relative energies of the two photons. This work aids in future investigations into various fluorophores to understand their photophysical properties for ND-2PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Elayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2.
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2.
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24
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Reza-González FA, Villatoro E, Reza MM, Jara-Cortés J, García-Ortega H, Blanco-Acuña EF, López-Cortés JG, Esturau-Escofet N, Aguirre-Soto A, Peon J. Two-photon isomerization properties of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5783-5794. [PMID: 37265740 PMCID: PMC10231324 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are important photo-responsive molecules that undergo electrocyclic reactions after light absorption. From these properties, DASAs have received extensive attention as photo-switches with negative photochromism. Meanwhile, several photochemical applications require isomerization events to take place in highly localized volumes at variable depths. Such focused photoreactions can be achieved if the electronic excitation is induced through a non-linear optical process. In this contribution we describe DASAs substituted with extended donor groups which provide them with significant two-photon absorption properties. We characterized the photo-induced transformation of these DASAs from the open polymethinic form to their cyclopentenic isomer with the use of 800 nm femtosecond pulses. These studies verified that the biphotonic excitation produces equivalent photoreactions as linear absorbance. We also determined these DASAs' two-photon absorption cross sections from measurements of their photoconverted yield after biphotonic excitation. As we show, specific donor sections provide these systems with important biphotonic cross-sections as high as 615 GM units. Such properties make these DASAs among the most non-linearly active photo-switchable molecules. Calculations at the TDDFT level with the optimally tuned range-separated functional OT-CAM-B3LYP, together with quadratic response methods indicate that the non-linear photochemical properties in these molecules involve higher lying electronic states above the first excited singlet. This result is consistent with the observed relation between their two-photon chemistry and the onset of their short wavelength absorption features around 400 nm. This is the first report of the non-linear photochemistry of DASAs. The two-photon isomerization properties of DASAs extend their applications to 3D-photocontrol, non-linear lithography, variable depth birefringence, and localized drug delivery schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Villatoro
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Mariana M Reza
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Jesús Jara-Cortés
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit Tepic 63155 Mexico
| | - Héctor García-Ortega
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Edgard F Blanco-Acuña
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - José G López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Nuria Esturau-Escofet
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alan Aguirre-Soto
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterey Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Jorge Peon
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
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25
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Sadiq S, Waqas M, Zahoor A, Mehmood RF, Essid M, Aloui Z, Khera RA, Akram SJ. Synergistic modification of end groups in Quinoxaline fused core-based acceptor molecule to enhance its photovoltaic characteristics for superior organic solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108518. [PMID: 37235903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The competence of organic solar cells (OSCs) could be enhanced by improving the light absorption capabilities as well as the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of utilized molecules. To upgrade overall functionality of OSCs, seven new molecules were designed in this work using an end-cap alteration technique on Quinoxaline fused core-based non-fullerene acceptor (Qx-2) molecule. This technique is known to be quite advantageous in terms of improvement of the effectiveness and optoelectrical behavior of various OSCs. Critical parameters like the absorption maximum, frontier molecular orbitals, excitation energy, exciton binding energy, Voc, and fill factor of molecules were considered for the molecules thus designed. All newly designed molecules showed outstanding improvement in optoelectronic as well as performance-related properties. Out of all scrutinized molecules, Q1 exhibited highest wavelength of absorption peak (λmax = 779 nm) with the reduced band gap (1.90 eV), least excitation energy (Ex = 1.59 eV), along with the highest dipole moment (17.982950 D). Additionally, the newly designed compounds Q4, Q5, and Q6 exhibited significantly improved Vocs that were 1.55, 1.47, and 1.50 eV accordingly, as compared to the 1.37 eV of Qx-2 molecule. These molecules also showed remarkable improvement in fill factor attributed to direct correspondence of Voc with it. Inclusively, these results support the superiority of these newly developed molecules as prospective constituents of upgraded OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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26
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Murugan NA, Zaleśny R. Computational Investigations into Two-Photon Fibril Imaging Using the DANIR-2c Probe. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3119-3125. [PMID: 37015058 PMCID: PMC10108348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The design of novel fibril imaging molecules for medical diagnosis requires the simultaneous optimization of fibril-specific optical properties and binding specificity toward amyloid fibrils. Because of the possibility to monitor internal organs and deep tissues, the two-photon probes that can absorb in the infrared (IR) and near-IR (NIR) region with a significant two-photon absorption cross section are of immense interest. To contribute to this exploration of chemical compounds suitable for two-photon fibril imaging, we have computationally studied the one- and two-photon properties of a donor-acceptor-substituted DANIR-2c probe, which was used for in vivo detection of β-amyloid deposits using fluorescence spectroscopy. In particular, a multiscale computational approach was employed involving molecular docking, molecular dynamics, hybrid QM/MM molecular dynamics, and coupled-cluster/MM to study the binding of the studied probe to amyloid fibril and its one- and two-photon absorption properties in the fibrillar environment. Multiple binding sites are available for this probe in amyloid fibril, and the one corresponding to the largest binding affinity exhibits also the largest and experimentally meaningful two-photon absorption cross section, thus demonstrating the potential of the studied probe in two-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arul Murugan
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
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27
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Wei X, Cui WB, Qin GY, Zhang XE, Sun FY, Li H, Guo JF, Ren AM. Theoretical Investigation of Ru(II) Complexes with Long Lifetime and a Large Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Section in Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4167-4178. [PMID: 36884221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon photodynamic therapy (TP-PDT), as a new method for cancer, has shown unique advantages in tumors. A low two-photon absorption cross-section (δ) in the biologic spectral window and a short triplet state lifetime are the important issues faced by the current photosensitizers (PSs) in TP-PDT. In this paper, the photophysical properties of a series of Ru(II) complexes were studied by density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods. The electronic structure, one- and two-photon absorption properties, type I/II mechanisms, triplet state lifetime, and solvation free energy were calculated. The results showed that the substitution of methoxyls by pyrene groups greatly improved the lifetime of the complex. Furthermore, the addition of acetylenyl groups subtly enhanced δ. Overall, complex 3b possess a large δ(1376 GM), a long lifetime (136 μs), and better solvation free energy. It is hoped that it can provide valuable theoretical guidance for the design and synthesis of efficient two-photon PSs in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wei
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Bo Cui
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Ya Qin
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-E Zhang
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Yi Sun
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Fu Guo
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Liutiao Road #2, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
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28
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Sirimatayanant S, Andruniów T. Benchmarking two-photon absorption strengths of rhodopsin chromophore models with CC3 and CCSD methodologies: An assessment of popular density functional approximations. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:094106. [PMID: 36889953 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the investigations of the impact of an increasing electron correlation in the hierarchy of coupled-cluster methods, i.e., CC2, CCSD, and CC3, on two-photon absorption (2PA) strengths for the lowest excited state of the minimal rhodopsin's chromophore model-cis-penta-2,4-dieniminium cation (PSB3). For a larger chromophore's model [4-cis-hepta-2,4,6-trieniminium cation (PSB4)], CC2 and CCSD calculations of 2PA strengths were performed. Additionally, 2PA strengths predicted by some popular density functional theory (DFT) functionals differing in HF exchange contribution were assessed against the reference CC3/CCSD data. For PSB3, the accuracy of 2PA strengths increases in the following order: CC2 < CCSD < CC3, with the CC2 deviation from both higher-level methods exceeding 10% at 6-31+G* basis sets and 2% at aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. However, for PSB4, this trend is reversed and CC2-based 2PA strength is larger than the corresponding CCSD value. Among the DFT functionals investigated, CAM-B3LYP and BHandHLYP provide 2PA strengths in best compliance with reference data, however, with the error approaching an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruti Sirimatayanant
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Andruniów
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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29
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Su Y, Dai Y, Zeng Y, Wei C, Chen Y, Ge F, Zheng P, Zhou D, Dral PO, Wang C. Interpretable Machine Learning of Two-Photon Absorption. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204902. [PMID: 36658720 PMCID: PMC10015897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with strong two-photon absorption (TPA) are important in many advanced applications such as upconverted laser and photodynamic therapy, but their design is hampered by the high cost of experimental screening and accurate quantum chemical (QC) calculations. Here a systematic study is performed by collecting an experimental TPA database with ≈900 molecules, analyzing with interpretable machine learning (ML) the key molecular features explaining TPA magnitudes, and building a fast ML model for predictions. The ML model has prediction errors of similar magnitude compared to experimental and affordable QC methods errors and has the potential for high-throughput screening as additionally validated with the new experimental measurements. ML feature analysis is generally consistent with common beliefs which is quantified and rectified. The most important feature is conjugation length followed by features reflecting the effects of donor and acceptor substitution and coplanarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChemInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
| | - Yiheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChemInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChemInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
| | - Caiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChemInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
| | - Yangtao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChemInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
| | - Fuchun Ge
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringiChemXiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryXiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
| | - Peikun Zheng
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringiChemXiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryXiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
| | - Da Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and High‐Performance Scientific ComputationXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Pavlo O. Dral
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringiChemXiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryXiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChemInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen University361005XiamenP. R. China
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30
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Waqas M, Hadia NMA, Shawky AM, Mahmood RF, Essid M, Aloui Z, Alatawi NS, Iqbal J, Khera RA. Theoretical framework for achieving high V oc in non-fused non-fullerene terthiophene-based end-capped modified derivatives for potential applications in organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7535-7553. [PMID: 36908528 PMCID: PMC9993241 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-fused ring-based OSCs are an excellent choice, which is attributed to their low cost and flexibility in applications. However, developing efficient and stable non-fused ring-based OSCs is still a big challenge. In this work, with the intent to increase V oc for enhanced performance, seven new molecules derived from a pre-existing A-D-A type A3T-5 molecule are proposed. Different important optical, electronic and efficiency-related attributes of molecules are studied using the DFT approach. It is discovered that newly devised molecules possess the optimum features required to construct proficient OSCs. They possess a small band gap ranging from 2.22-2.29 eV and planar geometries. Six of seven newly proposed molecules have less excitation energy, a higher absorption coefficient and higher dipole moment than A3T-5 in both gaseous and solvent phases. The A3T-7 molecule exhibited the maximum improvement in optoelectronic properties showing the highest λ max at 697 nm and the lowest E x of 1.77 eV. The proposed molecules have lower ionization potential values, reorganization energies of electrons and interaction coefficients than the A3T-5 molecule. The V oc of six newly developed molecules is higher (V oc ranging from 1.46-1.72 eV) than that of A3T-5 (V oc = 1.55 eV). Similarly, almost all the proposed molecules except W6 exhibited improvement in fill factor compared to the A3T-5 reference. This remarkable improvement in efficiency-associated parameters (V oc and FF) proves that these molecules can be successfully used as an advanced version of terthiophene-based OSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - N M A Hadia
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University P.O. Box 2014 Sakaka Al-Jouf Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Farhat Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU) P.O. Box 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU) P.O. Box 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk Tabuk 71421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
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31
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Horz M, Masood HMA, Brunst H, Cerezo J, Picconi D, Vormann H, Niraghatam MS, van Wilderen LJGW, Bredenbeck J, Santoro F, Burghardt I. Vibrationally resolved two-photon electronic spectra including vibrational pre-excitation: Theory and application to VIPER spectroscopy with two-photon excitation. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064201. [PMID: 36792506 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following up on our previous work on vibrationally resolved electronic absorption spectra including the effect of vibrational pre-excitation [von Cosel et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147, 164116 (2017)], we present a combined theoretical and experimental study of two-photon-induced vibronic transitions in polyatomic molecules that are probed in the VIbrationally Promoted Electronic Resonance experiment using two-photon excitation (2P-VIPER). In order to compute vibronic spectra, we employ time-independent and time-dependent methods based on the evaluation of Franck-Condon overlap integrals and Fourier transformations of time-domain correlation functions, respectively. The time-independent approach uses a generalized version of the FCclasses method, while the time-dependent approach relies on the analytical evaluation of Gaussian moments within the harmonic approximation, including Duschinsky rotation effects. For the Coumarin 6 dye, two-dimensional 2P-VIPER experiments involving excitation to the lowest-lying singlet excited state (S1) are presented and compared with corresponding one-photon VIPER spectra. In both cases, coumarin ring modes and a CO stretch mode show VIPER activity, albeit with different relative intensities. Selective pre-excitation of these modes leads to a pronounced redshift of the low-frequency edge of the electronic absorption spectrum, which is a prerequisite for the VIPER experiment. Theoretical analysis underscores the role of interference between Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller effects in the two-photon experiment, which is at the root of the observed intensity distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliane Horz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hafiz M A Masood
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hendrik Brunst
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Picconi
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Vormann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Madhava Shyam Niraghatam
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luuk J G W van Wilderen
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), SS di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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32
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Manian A, Hudson RJ, Ramkissoon P, Smith TA, Russo SP. Interexcited State Photophysics I: Benchmarking Density Functionals for Computing Nonadiabatic Couplings and Internal Conversion Rate Constants. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:271-292. [PMID: 36490305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the first benchmarking study of nonadiabatic matrix coupling elements (NACMEs) calculated using different density functionals. Using the S1 → S0 transition in perylene solvated in toluene as a case study, we calculate the photophysical properties and corresponding rate constants for a variety of density functionals from each rung of Jacob's ladder. The singlet photoluminescence quantum yield (sPLQY) is taken as a measure of accuracy, measured experimentally here as 0.955. Important quantum chemical parameters such as geometries, absorption, emission, and adiabatic energies, NACMEs, Hessians, and transition dipole moments were calculated for each density functional basis set combination (data set) using density functional theory based multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) and compared to experiment where possible. We were able to derive simple relations between the TDDFT and DFT/MRCI photophysical properties; with semiempirical damping factors of ∼0.843 ± 0.017 and ∼0.954 ± 0.064 for TDDFT transition dipole moments and energies to DFT/MRCI level approximations, respectively. NACMEs were dominated by out-of-plane derivative components belonging to the center-most ring atoms with weaker contributions from perturbations along the transverse and longitudinal axes. Calculated theoretical spectra compared well to both experiment and literature, with fluorescence lifetimes between 7.1 and 12.5 ns, agreeing within a factor of 2 with experiment. Internal conversion (IC) rates were then calculated and were found to vary wildly between 106-1016 s-1 compared with an experimental rate of the order 107 s-1. Following further testing by mixing data sets, we found a strong dependence on the method used to obtain the Hessian. The 5 characterized data sets ranked in order of most promising are PBE0/def2-TZVP, ωB97XD/def2-TZVP, HCTH407/TZVP, PBE/TZVP, and PBE/def2-TZVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjay Manian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne3000, Australia
| | - Rohan J Hudson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Pria Ramkissoon
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne3000, Australia
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33
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Hao XL, Ren AM, Zhou L. Research and Design of Aggregation-Induced Phosphorescent Materials for Time-Resolved Two-Photon Excited Luminescence Imaging. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11745-11752. [PMID: 36516071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pure organic two-photon excited room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have attracted great attention for time-resolved imaging due to their long emission lifetime and high resolution. The materials with an aromatic carbonyl group exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and RTP characteristics simultaneously. Here, we deeply explored the nature of aggregation-induced phosphorescence (AIP), especially the relationship between molecular configuration and optical properties. It was found that aggregation effect can suppress geometrical vibrations and regulate energy difference between S1 and T1. The aromatic carbonyl group plays significant roles in changing electronic configuration, resulting in large Stokes shift and spin-orbit coupling. It also leads to small transition dipole moment, decreasing two-photon absorption cross section and radiative decay rate. To improve two-photon absorption properties, we further designed a π-conjugated compound with large two-photon absorption cross section in the biological window (36.40 GM/656 nm) and AIP characteristics, which is a potential material in the application of time-resolved two-photon excited imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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34
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Hussain A, Hadia N, Hessien M, Khera RA, Zahid S, Shehzad RA, Ayub AR, Ayub K, Iqbal J. DFT study of super-halogen (Al7) doped carbon nitride (C2N) and its nonlinear optical properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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End-group Modification of terminal acceptors on benzothiadiazole-based BT2F-IC4F molecule to establish efficient organic solar cells. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Influence of nitro group on solvatochromism, nonlinear optical properties of 3-morpholinobenzanthrone: Experimental and theoretical study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Waqas M, Iqbal J, Mehmood RF, Akram SJ, Shawky AM, Raheel M, Rashid EU, Khera RA. Impact of end-capped modification of MO-IDT based non-fullerene small molecule acceptors to improve the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 116:108255. [PMID: 35779337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory, along with its time dependent computational approach were employed in order to fine tune the photovoltaic attributes along with the efficiency of the MO-IDIC-2F molecule. Thus, five new molecules were designed by substitution of the different notable acceptor fragments in the MO-IDIC-2F molecule, along with the addition of the "[1, 2, 5] thiadiazolo[3,4-d] pyridazine" spacer moieties between donor core and newly substituted acceptor groups. In this research work, various photovoltaic properties, which could affect the efficiency of an organic chromophores, such as bandgap, oscillator strength, dipole moment, binding energy, light-harvesting efficiency, etc. were studied. All the newly proposed molecules demonstrated significantly improved outcomes in comparison to that of the reference molecule, in their absorption spectrum, excitation, as well as binding energy values, etc. In order to confirm the results of optoelectronic properties, density of states, transition density matrix, and electrostatic potential analyses of molecules were also performed, which supported our computational findings. All of the results confirmed the high potential of all the newly proposed molecules for the development of improved OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Raheel
- Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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38
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Theoretical study of the one- and two-photon absorption cross-section of substituted polyaryl pyridine-based compounds. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Thomas A, Wakhradkar MG, B S, Gunturu KC, Kaczmarek-Kędziera A, Abraham J. Computational Study on the Effect of Thienyl π-Donor on the Optical Response of Nonclassical Oligo-Pyrazinothienothiadiazole Biradicaloids. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7829-7839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Thomas
- Centre for Computational Research in Clean Energy Technologies, Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering, Trivandrum695018, India
| | - Mahesh G. Wakhradkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, S.R.T.M. University, Nanded431606, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddlingeshwar B
- Department of Physics, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, (Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU), Bengaluru560054, India
| | | | - Anna Kaczmarek-Kędziera
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100Toruń, Poland
| | - Joel Abraham
- Centre for Computational Research in Clean Energy Technologies, Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering, Trivandrum695018, India
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40
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de Wergifosse M, Beaujean P, Grimme S. Ultrafast Evaluation of Two-Photon Absorption with Simplified Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7534-7547. [PMID: 36201255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the theoretical background to evaluate two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections in the framework of simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT). Our new implementation allows the ultrafast evaluation of 2PA cross-sections for large molecules based on a regular DFT ground-state determinant as well as a variant employing our tight-binding sTD-DFT-xTX flavor for very large systems. The method is benchmarked against higher-level calculations for trans-stilbene and typical fluorescent protein chromophores. For eGFP, a quadrupolar chromophore and its branched version, the flavine mono-nucleotide, and the iLOV protein, we compare sTD-DFT 2PA spectra to experimental ones. This includes extension and testing of our all-atom quantum chemistry methodology for the evaluation of 2PA for a system of ∼2000 atoms, providing striking agreement with the experimental spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115Bonn, Germany
| | - Pierre Beaujean
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000Namur, Belgium
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115Bonn, Germany
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41
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Hao XL, Guo JF, Ren AM, Zhou L. Persistent and Efficient Multimodal Imaging for Tyrosinase Based on Two-Photon Excited Fluorescent and Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Probes. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7650-7659. [PMID: 36240504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is crucial to regulate the metabolism of phenol derivatives, playing an important role in the biosynthesis of melanin pigments, whereas an abnormal level of tyrosinase would lead to severe diseases. It is rather necessary to develop a sensitive and selective imaging tool to assess the level of tyrosinase in vivo. We thoroughly researched the luminous mechanism of the existing TPTYR probe and provided design strategies to improve its two-photon excited fluorescence properties. The designed probes benza2-TPTYR and product benza2-TPTYR-coumarin have large two-photon absorption cross sections at the NIR spectral region (41 GM/706 nm, 71 GM/852 nm), while benza2-TPTYR-coumarin possesses easily distinguishable spectrum in the visible region and a high fluorescence efficiency (ΦF = 0.27). What is more, novel two-photon excited multimodal imaging based on the pure organic small molecule benza1-TPTYR-coumarin (61 GM/936 nm) is proposed first, simultaneously possessing strong instantaneous fluorescent (563.79 nm) and persistent room-temperature phosphorescent emissions (767.68 nm, 0.54 ms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Fu Guo
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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42
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Zeman CJ, Kang G, Kohlstedt KL. Controlling Aggregation-Induced Two-Photon Absorption Enhancement via Intermolecular Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45644-45657. [PMID: 36191092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Historically, two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections reported in the literature have been derived from solution-phase measurements. However, such techniques fail to grasp the implications of how these cross sections can be impacted by varying degrees of aggregation or in the condensed phase as bulk solids or thin films. For a precise determination of how aggregation impacts 2PA at a molecular level, computational methods present themselves as ideal. Herein, a series of quadrupolar π-conjugated dyes were simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) in the gas phase and condensed phase. In the condensed phase, their intermolecular interactions and electronic coupling behavior were fully characterized, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Using quadratic-response time-dependent density functional theory, 2PA cross sections of structures derived from MD trajectories were calculated. Comparisons are made between gas-phase and condensed-phase results, and enhancement factors are defined to show how certain dyes may experience changes in their respective 2PA cross sections as a function of aggregation. It was found that these cross sections depend heavily on conformational locking in the condensed phase and relative stacking arrangements. J-aggregates were associated with enhanced 2PA and H-aggregates with quenched 2PA activity. However, in a highly disordered aggregate, the effects of these stacking arrangements are averaged out of the bulk result, and the effects of conformational locking dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Gyeongwon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Kevin L Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
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43
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High electron mobility due to extra π-conjugation in the end-capped units of non-fullerene acceptor molecules: a DFT/TD-DFT-based prediction. J Mol Model 2022; 28:278. [PMID: 36028595 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A combination of high open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) typically creates effective organic solar cells (OSCs). To enhance the open-circuit voltage, we have designed three new fullerene-free acceptor molecules with elongated π-conjugation in the end-capped units. Y-series-based newly designed molecules (CPSS-4F, CPSS-4Cl, CPSS-4CN) exhibited a narrow energy bandgap with high electron mobility. Red shift in the absorption spectrum with high intensities is also noted for designed molecules. Low binding and excitation energies of designed molecules favor easy excitation of exciton in the excited state. Further, CPSS-4F, CPSS-4Cl, and CPSS-4CN exhibited better open-circuit voltage with favorable molecular orbitals contributions. Transition density analysis (TDM) was also performed to locate the total transitions in the designed molecules. Outcomes of all analyses suggested that designed molecules are effective contributors to the active layer of organic solar cells.
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44
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Dudek M, Kaczmarek-Kędziera A, Deska R, Trojnar J, Jasik P, Młynarz P, Samoć M, Matczyszyn K. Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Azobenzene Derivatives Modified with an (Amino)naphthalene Moiety. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6063-6073. [PMID: 35944057 PMCID: PMC9393860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design of two-photon absorbing azobenzene (AB) derivatives has received much attention; however, the two-photon absorption (2PA) properties of bis-conjugated azobenzene systems are relatively less explored. Here, we present the synthesis of six azobenzene derivatives and three bis-azobenzenes substituted (or not) at para position(s) with one or two amino group(s). Their linear and nonlinear absorption properties are studied experimentally and theoretically. The switching behavior and thermal stability of the Z-isomer are studied for unsubstituted mono- (1a, 2a) and bis-azobenzene (3a) compounds, showing that when the length of the π system increases, the half-life of the Z-isomer decreases. Moreover, along with the increase of π-conjugation, the photochromic characteristics are impaired and the photostationary state (PSS) related to E-Z photoisomerization is composed of 89% of the Z-isomer for 2a and 26% of the Z-isomer for 3a. Importantly, the 2PA cross-section increases almost five-fold on extending the π-conjugation (2a vs 3a) and by about one order of magnitude when comparing two systems: the unsubstituted π-electron one (2a, 3a) with D-π-D (2c, 3c). This work clarifies the contribution of π-conjugation and substituent effects to the linear and nonlinear optical properties of mono- and bis-azobenzene compounds based on the experimental and theoretical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dudek
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kaczmarek-Kędziera
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Radosław Deska
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Trojnar
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Patryk Jasik
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Samoć
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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45
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Grabarek D, Andruniów T. Quantum chemistry study of the multiphoton absorption in enhanced green fluorescent protein at the single amino acid residue level. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200335. [PMID: 35875840 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chromophore (CRO) of fluorescent proteins (FPs) is embedded in a complex environment that is a source of specific interactions with the CRO. Understanding how these interactions influence FPs spectral properties is important for a directed design of novel markers with desired characteristics. In this work, we apply computational chemistry methods to gain insight into one-, two- and three-photon absorption (1PA, 2PA, 3PA) tuning in enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). To achieve this goal, we built EGFP models differing in: i) number and position of hydrogen-bonds (h-bonds) donors to the CRO and ii) the electric field, as approximated by polarizable force field, acting on the CRO. We find that h-bonding to the CRO's phenolate oxygen results in stronger one- and multiphoton absorption. The brighter absorption can be also achieved by creating more positive electric field near the CRO's phenolate moiety. Interestingly, while individual CRO-environment h-bonds usually enhance 1PA and 2PA, it takes a few h-bond donors to enhance 3PA. Clearly, response of the absorption intensity to many-body effects depends on the excitation mechanism. We further employ symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) to reveal excellent (2PA) and good (3PA) correlation of multiphoton intensity with electrostatic and induction interaction energies. This points to importance of accounting for mutual CRO-environment polarization in quantitative calculations of absorption spectra in FPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadeusz Andruniów
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspianskiego, 30-516, Wroclaw, POLAND
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46
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Knysh I, Jassar MB, Osmialowsk B, Zalesny R, Jacquemin D. IN SILICO SCREENING OF TWO‐PHOTON ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF A LARGE SET OF BIS‐DIFLUOROBORATE‐DYES. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Knysh
- Nantes University: Universite de Nantes CEISAM Lab FRANCE
| | | | | | - Robert Zalesny
- Wroclaw University of Technology: Politechnika Wroclawska Department of Chemistr FRANCE
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes CEISAM 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes FRANCE
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47
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Determination of two-photon absorption in nucleobase analogues: a QR-DFT perspective. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:529-543. [PMID: 35179700 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
With the prevalence of fluorescence spectroscopy in biological systems, and the benefits of two-photon absorption techniques, presented here is an assessment of the two-photon accessibility of modern fluorescent nucleobase analogues utilising quadratic response DFT. Due to the complex environment experienced by these nucleobases, the two-photon spectra of each analogue has been assessed in the presence of both [Formula: see text]-stacked and hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the canonical nucleobases. Findings suggest that the [Formula: see text]-stacking environment provides a more significant effect on the spectra of the analogues studies than a hydrogen-bonding environment; analogue structures presenting high two-photon cross-section values for one or more states coincide with polycyclic extensions to preserved canonical base structure, as observed in the qA family of analogues, while analogue structures more closely resembling the structure of the base in question present a much more muted spectra in comparison. Results from this investigation have also allowed for the derivation of a number of design rules for the development of potential, two-photon specific, analogues for future use in both imaging and potential photochemical activation.
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48
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Grabarek D, Andruniów T. The role of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in enhancing two-photon absorption in green and yellow fluorescent proteins. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200003. [PMID: 35130370 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The spectral properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) depend on the protein environment of the chromophore (CRO). A deeper understanding of the CRO - environment interactions in terms of FPs spectral characteristics will allow for a rational design of novel markers with desired properties. Here, we are taking a step towards achieving this important goal. With the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), we calculate one- and two-photon absorption (OPA and TPA) spectra for 5 green FPs (GFPs) and 3 yellow FPs (YFPs) differing in amino acid sequence. The goal is to reveal a role of: (i) electrostatic interactions, (ii) hydrogen-bonds (h-bonds), and (iii) h-bonds together with distant electrostatic field in absorption spectra tuning. Our results point to design hypothesis towards FPs optimised for TPA-based applications. Both h-bonds and electrostatic interactions co-operate in enhancing TPA cross-section (σ TPA ) for the S 0 ->S 1 transition in GFPs. Furthermore, it seems that details of h-bonds network in the CRO's vicinity influences σ TPA response to CRO - environment electrostatic interactions in YFPs. We postulate that engineering FPs with more hydrophilic CRO's environment can lead to greater σ TPA . We also find that removing h-bonds formed with the CRO's phenolate leads to TPA enhancement for transition to higher excited states than S 1 . Particularly Y145 and T203 residues are important in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Grabarek
- Department of Chemistry, Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Andruniów
- Department of Chemistry, Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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49
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Chołuj M, Alam MM, Beerepoot MTP, Sitkiewicz SP, Matito E, Ruud K, Zaleśny R. Choosing Bad versus Worse: Predictions of Two-Photon-Absorption Strengths Based on Popular Density Functional Approximations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1046-1060. [PMID: 35080389 PMCID: PMC8830054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present a benchmark
study of density functional approximation
(DFA) performances in predicting the two-photon-absorption strengths
in π-conjugated molecules containing electron-donating/-accepting
moieties. A set of 48 organic molecules is chosen for this purpose,
for which the two-photon-absorption (2PA) parameters are evaluated
using different DFAs, including BLYP, PBE, B3LYP, PBE0, CAM-B3LYP,
LC-BLYP, and optimally tuned LC-BLYP. Minnesota functionals and ωB97X-D
are also used, applying the two-state approximation, for a subset
of molecules. The efficient resolution-of-identity implementation
of the coupled-cluster CC2 model (RI-CC2) is used as a reference for
the assessment of the DFAs. Two-state models within the framework
of both DFAs and RI-CC2 are used to gain a deeper insight into the
performance of different DFAs. Our results give a clear picture of
the performance of the density functionals in describing the two-photon
activity in dipolar π-conjugated systems. The results show that
global hybrids are best suited to reproduce the absolute values of
2PA strengths of donor–acceptor molecules. The range-separated
functionals CAM-B3LYP and optimally tuned LC-BLYP, however, show the
highest linear correlations with the reference RI-CC2 results. Hence,
we recommend the latter DFAs for structure–property studies
across large series of dipolar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chołuj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Md Mehboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| | - Maarten T P Beerepoot
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sebastian P Sitkiewicz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Eduard Matito
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
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Kaczmarek-Kȩdziera A, Ośmiałowski B, Żuchowski PS, Kȩdziera D. Supramolecular Approach to Tuning the Photophysical Properties of Quadrupolar Squaraines. Front Chem 2022; 9:800541. [PMID: 35071187 PMCID: PMC8766669 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.800541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the influence of the hydrogen bonding for the one- and two-photon absorption of the prototypical squaraine dye is investigated with quantum chemistry tools. The central squaraine unit is bound by strong hydrogen bonds with 4-substituted N,N'-diphenylurea and, alternatively, N,N'-diphenylthiourea molecules, which affects to a high extend the properties of the squaraine electron accepting moiety, thus shifting its maximum absorption wavelength and enhancing the TPA cross section. The replacement of oxygen by sulfur atoms in the squaraine central ring, known to affect its photophysical behavior, is considered here as the way of modifying the strength and nature of the intermolecular contacts. Additionally, the influence of the oxygen-by-sulfur replacement is also considered in the N,N'-diphenylurea moiety, as the factor affecting the acidity of the N-H protons. The introduction of the sequence of the substituents of varying electron-donating or electron-withdrawing characters in the position 4 of N,N'-diphenyl(thio)urea subsystems allows to finely tune the hydrogen bonding with the central squaraine unit by further modification of the N-H bond characteristics. All of these structural modifications lead to the controlled adjustment of the electron density distribution, and thus, the properties affected such as transition moments and absorption intensity. Ab initio calculations provide strong support for this way of tailoring of one- or two-photon absorption due to the obtained strong hypsochromic shift of the maximum one-photon absorption wavelength observed particularly for thiosquaraine complexes and an increase in the TPA wavelength together with the increase in the TPA cross section. Moreover, the source of the strong modification of the thiosquaraine OPA in contrast to the pristine oxosquaraine upon N,N'-diphenyl(thio)urea substitution is determined. Furthermore, for the first time, the linear dependence of the non-additivity in the interaction energy on the Hammett substituent constant is reported. The stronger the electron-donating character of the substituent, the larger the three-body non-additive components and the larger their percentage to the total interaction energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borys Ośmiałowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr S. Żuchowski
- Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kȩdziera
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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