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Lukianova MA, Feldman VI. Radiation-induced closure of the second aromatic ring: Possible way to PAH starting from a styrene-acetylene complex. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Volosatova AD, Lukianova MA, Zasimov PV, Feldman VI. Direct evidence for a radiation-induced synthesis of acetonitrile and isoacetonitrile from a 1 : 1 CH 4HCN complex at cryogenic temperatures: is it a missing link between inorganic and prebiotic astrochemistry? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18449-18460. [PMID: 34612385 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01598b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitriles are important constituents of extraterrestrial media. Nitriles are supposed to play a crucial role in prebiotic chemistry occurring in the interstellar medium. In this work, we have investigated the low-temperature radiation-induced transformations of a 1 : 1 CH4HCN complex as a plausible precursor of the simplest nitriles using the matrix isolation approach with FTIR spectroscopic detection. The parent complexes isolated in a noble gas (Ng) matrix were obtained by deposition of the CH4/HCN/Ng gaseous mixture and characterized by comparison of experimental complexation-induced shifts of the HCN fundamentals with the results of the ab initio calculations. It was found that the X-ray irradiation of low-temperature matrices containing the isolated 1 : 1 CH4HCN complex resulted in the formation of acetonitrile (CH3CN) and isoacetonitrile (CH3NC) and it appears to be the first experimental evidence for the formation of C2 nitriles (acetonitrile and isoacetonitrile) from such a "building block". Additionally, a 1 : 1 CH4HNC complex was tentatively assigned to the irradiated Ar and Kr matrices. It is demonstrated that the matrix has a strong effect on the CH3CN/CH3NC yield ratio, which dramatically increases in the row Ar < Kr < Xe. Also, the efficiency of the radiation-induced formation of the CH4HNC complex was shown to decrease from Ar to Kr. It is believed that the proposed pathway for acetonitrile formation may be a significant step in the radiation-induced evolution leading to complex organic molecules and biomolecules under astrochemical conditions. Furthermore, the obtained results provide a prominent example of the impact of very weak intermolecular interactions on the radiation-induced transformations in cold media.
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Pelc A, Ribar Valah A, Huber SE, Marciszuk K, Denifl S. Fragmentation of propionitrile (CH 3CH 2CN) by low energy electrons. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184301. [PMID: 34241001 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionitrile (CH3CH2CN, PN) is a molecule relevant for interstellar chemistry. There is credible evidence that anions, molecules, and radicals that may originate from PN could also be involved in the formation of more complex organic compounds. In the present investigation, dissociative electron attachment to CH3CH2CN has been studied in a crossed electron-molecular beam experiment in the electron energy range of about 0-15 eV. In the experiment, seven anionic species were detected: C3H4N-, C3H3N-, C3H2N-, C2H2N-, C2HN-, C2N-, and CN-. The anion formation is most efficient for CN- and anions originating from the dehydrogenation of the parent molecule. A discussion of possible reaction channels for all measured negative ions is provided. The experimental results are compared with calculations of thermochemical thresholds of the detected anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pelc
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. C.-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Ribar Valah
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S E Huber
- Department of Basic Sciences in Engineering Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Marciszuk
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. C.-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Denifl
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Reva I, Jesus AJL, Nunes CM, Roque JPL, Fausto R. UV-Induced Photochemistry of 1,3-Benzoxazole, 2-Isocyanophenol, and 2-Cyanophenol Isolated in Low-Temperature Ar Matrixes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6126-6137. [PMID: 33872502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The monomers of 1,3-benzoxazole isolated in a cryogenic argon matrix were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The photochemistry of matrix-isolated 1,3-benzoxazole, induced by excitation with a frequency-tunable narrowband UV light, was investigated. Irradiation at 233 nm resulted in a nearly quantitative conversion of 1,3-benzoxazole into 2-isocyanophenol. The individual photochemical behavior of the in situ produced 2-isocyanophenol was studied upon excitations at 290 nm, where 1,3-benzoxazole does not react. The photochemistry of isomeric matrix-isolated 2-cyanophenol was also studied. The photoreactions of 2-substituted (cyano- or isocyano-) phenols were found to have many similarities: (i) OH bond cleavage, yielding a 2-substituted (cyano- or isocyano-) phenoxyl radical and an H-atom, (ii) recombination of the detached H-atom, resulting in an oxo tautomer, and (iii) decomposition leading to fulvenone, together with HCN and HNC. In another photoprocess, 2-cyanophenol undergoes a [1,5] H-shift from the hydroxyl group to the cyano group yielding isomeric ketenimine. The analogous [1,5] H-shift from the hydroxyl group to the isocyano group must have also occurred in 2-isocyanophenol; however, the resulting nitrile ylide isomer is kinetically unstable and collapses to benzoxazole. All photoproducts were characterized by comparing their observed infrared spectra with those computed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. The mechanistic analysis of the photochemistry occurring in the family of the title compounds is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Reva
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal
| | - A J Lopes Jesus
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra 3004-295, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M Nunes
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - José P L Roque
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Rui Fausto
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
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Lukianova MA, Volosatova AD, Drabkin VD, Sosulin IS, Kameneva SV, Feldman VI. Radiation-induced transformations of HCN⋯C2H2, HCN⋯C2H4 and HCN⋯C2H6 complexes in noble gas matrices: Synthesis of C3HxN molecules in cryogenic media. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brand HEA, Gu Q, Kimpton JA, Auchettl R, Ennis C. Crystal structure of propionitrile (CH 3CH 2CN) determined using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:212-216. [PMID: 31868754 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The structure and thermal expansion of the astronomical molecule propionitrile have been determined from 100 to 150 K using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. This temperature range correlates with the conditions of Titan's lower stratosphere, and near surface, where propionitrile is thought to accumulate and condense into pure and mixed-nitrile phases. Propionitrile was determined to crystallize in space group, Pnma (No. 62), with unit cell a = 7.56183 (16) Å, b = 6.59134 (14) Å, c = 7.23629 (14), volume = 360.675 (13) Å3 at 100 K. The thermal expansion was found to be highly anisotropic with an eightfold increase in expansion between the c and b axes. These data will prove crucial in the computational modelling of propionitrile-ice systems in outer Solar System environments, allowing us to simulate and assign vibrational peaks in the infrared spectra for future use in planetary astronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E A Brand
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Qinfen Gu
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Justin A Kimpton
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rebecca Auchettl
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Courtney Ennis
- University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Kameneva SV, Tyurin DA, Feldman VI. Characterization of the HCNCO complex and its radiation-induced transformation to HNCCO in cold media: an experimental and theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:24348-24356. [PMID: 28849816 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03518g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The HCNCO complex and its X-ray induced transformation to HNCCO in solid noble gas (Ng) matrices (Ng = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) was first characterized by matrix isolation FTIR spectroscopy at 5 K. The HCNCO complex was obtained by deposition of HCN/CO/Ng gaseous mixtures. The assignment was based on extensive quantum chemical calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory. The calculations predicted two computationally stable structures for HCNCO and three stable structures for HNCCO. However, only the most energetically favorable linear structures corresponding to the co-ordination between the H atom of HCN (HNC) and the C atom of CO have been found experimentally. The HCNCO complex demonstrates a considerable red shift of the H-C stretching vibrations (-24 to -38 cm-1, depending on the matrix) and a blue shift of the HCN bending vibrations (+29 to +32 cm-1) with respect to that of the HCN monomer, while the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretching mode is blue-shifted by 15 to 20 cm-1 as compared to the CO monomer. The HNCCO complex reveals a strong red shift of the H-N bending (-77 to -118 cm-1) and a strong blue shift of the HNC bending mode (ca. +100 cm-1) as compared to the HNC monomer, whereas the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretching is blue-shifted by 24 to 29 cm-1 with respect to that of the CO monomer. The interaction energies were determined to be 1.01 and 1.87 kcal mol-1 for HCNCO and HNCCO, respectively. It was found that the formation of complexes with CO had a remarkable effect on the radiation-induced transformations of HCN. While the dissociation of HCN to H and CN is suppressed in complexes, the isomerization of HCN to HNC is strongly catalyzed by the complexation with CO. The astrochemical implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Kameneva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Vörös T, Lajgút GG, Magyarfalvi G, Tarczay G. Photochemical Formation of Diazenecarbaldehyde (HNNCHO) and Diazenecarbothialdehyde (HNNCHS) in Low-Temperature Matrices. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1034-1044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Vörös
- Institute
of Chemistry, Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
- Doctoral
School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - Győző György Lajgút
- Institute
of Chemistry, Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - Gábor Magyarfalvi
- Institute
of Chemistry, Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - György Tarczay
- Institute
of Chemistry, Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
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Gopi R, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Probing C-H⋯N interaction in acetylene-benzonitrile complex using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and DFT computations. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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