1
|
Schrader T, Perlt E, Fritz T, Sierka M. Performance of Common Density Functionals for Excited States of Tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3265-3273. [PMID: 37037005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory is the method of choice to efficiently calculate excitation spectra with the functional and basis set choice allowing one to compromise between accuracy and computational cost. In this work, the performance of different functionals as well as the second-order approximate coupled cluster singles and doubles model CC2 is evaluated by comparing the results to experimental results of the example molecule tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP). The choice of the functional has a significant impact on the calculated spectrum of DBP. The performance of a number of different functionals was evaluated, quantified, and, where possible, discussed. The best functional, tuned-CAM-B3LYP, is used to investigate DBP on a surface of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The resulting spectrum shows excellent agreement with experimental results for a monolayer of DBP on h-BN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schrader
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Perlt
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marek Sierka
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Zhao W, Ma Z, Li L, Ma L, Tian G. Theoretical study on the vibrational structures in the conductance spectra of a weakly coupled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
3
|
Brülke C, Bauer O, Sokolowski MM. The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1663-1684. [PMID: 33194516 PMCID: PMC7653332 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of a single layer of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to decouple the excited state of the organic molecule 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) from the supporting Cu(111) surface by Raman and fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy. The Raman fingerprint-type spectrum of PTCDA served as a monitor for the presence of molecules on the surface. Several broad and weak FL lines between 18,150 and 18,450 cm-1 can be detected, already from the first monolayer onward. In contrast, FL from PTCDA on a bare Cu(111) surface is present only from the second PTCDA layer onward. Hence, a single layer of hBN decouples PTCDA from the metal substrate to an extent that a weak radiative FL decay of the optical excitation can occur. The different FL lines can be ascribed to different environments of the adsorption sites, namely molecules adsorbed at surface defects, in large ordered domains, and located in the second layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Brülke
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115 Bonn
| | - Oliver Bauer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115 Bonn
| | - Moritz M Sokolowski
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115 Bonn
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mehler A, Néel N, Kröger J. Dissimilar Decoupling Behavior of Two-Dimensional Materials on Metal Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5204-5211. [PMID: 32515963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of hexagonal boron nitride and graphene to separate the hydrocarbon molecule C64H36 from Ru(0001) and Pt(111) surfaces is explored in low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experiments. Both 2D materials enable the observation of the Franck-Condon effect in both frontier orbitals. On hexagonal boron nitride, vibronic progression with two vibrational energies gives rise to sharp orbital sidebands that are clearly visible up to the second order of the vibrational quantum number with different Huang-Rhys factors. In contrast, on graphene, orbital and vibronic spectroscopic signatures exhibit broad line shapes, with the second-order progression being hardly discriminable. Only a single vibrational quantum energy leaves its fingerprint in the Franck-Condon spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mehler
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Nicolas Néel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Takahashi S, Watanabe K. Decoupling from a Thermal Bath via Molecular Polariton Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1349-1356. [PMID: 32017569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between an electronic system and an environmental bath plays a decisive role in the excited state dynamics of artificial/natural molecular condensed phases. Although it is generally difficult to control the coupling between the system and the thermal bath in condensed matter, a strong light-matter coupling can control system-bath coupling properties using the polaron decoupling effect, in which a coherent interaction between excitons and photons reduces the reorganization energy. Here we demonstrate that this polaron decoupling strongly reduces the fluctuations in electronic energy in tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene thin films embedded in an optical microcavity. Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, the frequency-fluctuation correlation function of the lower polariton state was revealed, showing that the dynamic inhomogeneity due to bath coupling inside the microcavity almost vanishes completely. This was attributed to a significant delocalization of the lower polariton state over 105 molecules in the cavity, reducing the effective coupling strength of the bath modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto , 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto , 606-8502 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mehler A, Néel N, Bocquet ML, Kröger J. Exciting vibrons in both frontier orbitals of a single hydrocarbon molecule on graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:065001. [PMID: 30523960 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf54c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vibronic excitations in molecules are key to the fundamental understanding of the interaction between vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom. In order to probe the genuine vibronic properties of a molecule even after its adsorption on a surface appropriate buffer layers are of paramount importance. Here, vibrational progression in both molecular frontier orbitals is observed with submolecular resolution on a graphene-covered metal surface using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. Accompanying calculations demonstrate that the vibrational modes that cause the orbital replica in the progression share the same symmetry as the electronic states they couple to. In addition, the vibrational progression is more pronounced for separated molecules than for molecules embedded in molecular assemblies. The entire vibronic spectra of these molecular species are moreover rigidly shifted with respect to each other. This work unravels intramolecular changes in the vibronic and electronic structure owing to the efficient reduction of the molecule-metal hybridization by graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mehler
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kröger J, Doppagne B, Scheurer F, Schull G. Fano Description of Single-Hydrocarbon Fluorescence Excited by a Scanning Tunneling Microscope. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3407-3413. [PMID: 29719154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The detection of fluorescence with submolecular resolution enables the exploration of spatially varying photon yields and vibronic properties at the single-molecule level. By placing individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules into the plasmon cavity formed by the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and a NaCl-covered Ag(111) surface, molecular light emission spectra are obtained that unravel vibrational progression. In addition, light spectra unveil a signature of the molecule even when the tunneling current is injected well separated from the molecular emitter. This signature exhibits a distance-dependent Fano profile that reflects the subtle interplay between inelastic tunneling electrons, the molecular exciton and localized plasmons in at-distance as well as on-molecule fluorescence. The presented findings open the path to luminescence of a different class of molecules than investigated before and contribute to the understanding of single-molecule luminescence at surfaces in a unified picture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kröger
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg , Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Benjamin Doppagne
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg , Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Fabrice Scheurer
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg , Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Guillaume Schull
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg , Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehler A, Kirchhuebel T, Néel N, Sojka F, Forker R, Fritz T, Kröger J. Ordered Superstructures of a Molecular Electron Donor on Au(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6978-6984. [PMID: 28602078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular donor tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) forms coverage-dependent superstructures on Au(111). At submonolayer coverage, the molecules align parallel to each other. They arrange in row-like structures, which exhibit a nearly rectangular primitive unit cell. By contrast, the molecular monolayer is characterized by a herringbone-type DBP arrangement spanned by an almost square unit cell containing two molecules. Both superstructures occur simultaneously in a narrow coverage range close to completion of the molecular monolayer. The adsorbate-substrate interaction is similar to other physisorbed molecular films on Au(111), but differs for the two adsorption phases as inferred from the different modification of the Au(111) surface reconstruction. Structural properties were consistently probed in real and reciprocal space by scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mehler
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - T Kirchhuebel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - N Néel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - F Sojka
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R Forker
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Fritz
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J Kröger
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kirchhuebel T, Gruenewald M, Sojka F, Kera S, Bussolotti F, Ueba T, Ueno N, Rouillé G, Forker R, Fritz T. Self-Assembly of Tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) Films on Ag(111) in the Monolayer Regime. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1981-7. [PMID: 26844381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) is a promising candidate as a component of highly efficient organic photovoltaic cells and organic light-emitting diodes. The structural properties of thin films of this particular lander-type molecule on Ag(111) were investigated by complementary techniques. Highly ordered structures were obtained, and their mutual alignment was characterized by means of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images reveal two slightly different arrangements within the first monolayer (ML), both describable as specific herringbone patterns with two molecules per unit cell whose dibenzoperiflanthene framework is parallel to the surface. In contrast, single DBP molecules in the second ML were imaged with much higher intramolecular resolution, resembling the shape of the frontier orbitals in the gas phase as calculated by means of density functional theory (DFT). Further deposition leads to the growth of highly ordered bilayer islands on top of the first ML with identical unit cell dimensions and orientation but slightly inclined molecules. This suggests that the first ML acts as a template for the epitaxial growth of further layers. Simultaneously, a significant number of second-layer molecules mainly located at step edges or scattered over narrow terraces do not form highly ordered aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tino Kirchhuebel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Gruenewald
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Falko Sojka
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Satoshi Kera
- Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fabio Bussolotti
- Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueba
- Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ueno
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Gaël Rouillé
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| |
Collapse
|