1
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Shi R, Zhang X, Li C, Zhao Y, Li R, Waterhouse GIN, Zhang T. Electrochemical oxidation of concentrated benzyl alcohol to high-purity benzaldehyde via superwetting organic-solid-water interfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0947. [PMID: 38669338 PMCID: PMC11051661 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis in aqueous media is presently hampered by the poor solubility of many organic reactants and thus low purity of liquid products in electrolytes. Using the electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol (BA) as a model reaction, we present a "sandwich-type" organic-solid-water (OSW) system, consisting of BA organic phase, KOH aqueous electrolyte, and porous anodes with Janus-like superwettability. The system allows independent diffusion of BA molecules from the organic phase to electrocatalytic active sites, enabling efficient electrooxidation of high-concentration BA to benzaldehyde (97% Faradaic efficiency at ~180 mA cm-2) with substantially reduced ohmic loss compared to conventional solid-liquid systems. The confined organic-water boundary within the electrode channels suppresses the interdiffusion of molecules and ions into the counterphase, thus preventing the hydration and overoxidation of benzaldehyde during long-term electrocatalysis. As a result, the direct production of high-purity benzaldehyde (91.7%) is achieved in a flow cell, showcasing the effectiveness of electrocatalysis over OSW interfaces for the one-step synthesis of high-purity organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuerui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Petrochemical Research Institute, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 112206, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | | | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Fernández-Vidal J, Hardwick LJ, Cabello G, Attard GA. Effect of alkali-metal cation on oxygen adsorption at Pt single-crystal electrodes in non-aqueous electrolytes. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:102-118. [PMID: 37753622 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Group 1 alkali-metal cations (Na+, K+, and Cs+) on the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based electrolytes was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) utilising different Pt-electrode surfaces (polycrystalline Pt, Pt(111) and Pt(100)) was undertaken to investigate the influence of surface structure upon the ORR and OER. For K+ and Cs+, negligible variation in the CV response (in contrast to Na+) was observed using Pt(111), Pt(100) and Pt(poly) electrodes, consistent with a weak surface-metal/superoxide complex interaction. Indeed, changes in the half-wave potentials (E1/2) and relative intensities of the redox peaks corresponding to superoxy (O2-) and peroxy (O22-) ion formation were consistent with a solution-mediated mechanism for larger cations, such as Cs+. Support for this finding was obtained via in situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). During the ORR and in the presence of Cs+, O2- and weakly adsorbed caesium superoxide (CsO2) species were detected. Because DMSO was found to strongly interact with the surface at potentials associated with the ORR, CsO2 was readily displaced at more negative potentials via increased solvent adsorption at the surface. This finding highlights the important impact of the solvent during ORR/OER reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Vidal
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Laurence J Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Gema Cabello
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Gary A Attard
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD Liverpool, UK.
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3
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Bondue C, Koper MTM, Tschulik K. A Versatile and Easy Method to Calibrate a Two-Compartment Flow Cell for Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry Measurements. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:277-286. [PMID: 37600459 PMCID: PMC10436368 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Online techniques for the quantitative analysis of reaction products have many advantages over offline methods. However, owing to the low product formation rates in electrochemical reactions, few of these techniques can be coupled to electrochemistry. An exception is differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), which gains increasing popularity not least because of its high time resolution in the sub-second regime. DEMS is often combined with a dual thin-layer cell (a two-compartment flow cell), which helps to mitigate a number of problems that arise due to the existence of a vacuum|electrolyte interface. However, the efficiency with which this cell transfers volatile reaction products into the vacuum of the mass spectrometer is far below 100%. Therefore, a calibration constant that considers not only the sensitivity of the DEMS setup but also the transfer efficiency of the dual thin-layer cell is needed to translate the signals observed in the mass spectrometer into electrochemical product formation rates. However, it can be challenging or impossible to design an experiment that yields such a calibration constant. Here, we show that the transfer efficiency of the dual thin-layer cell depends on the diffusion coefficient of the analyte. Based on this observation, we suggest a two-point calibration method. That is, a plot of the logarithm of the transfer efficiencies determined for H2 and O2 versus the logarithm of their diffusion coefficients defines a straight line. Extrapolation of this line to the diffusion coefficient of another analyte yields a good estimate of its transfer efficiency. This is a versatile and easy calibration method, because the transfer efficiencies of H2 and O2 are readily accessible for a large range of electrode-electrolyte combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph
J. Bondue
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Electrochemistry &
Nanoscale Materials, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Electrochemistry &
Nanoscale Materials, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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4
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Koellisch-Mirbach A, Bawol PP, Park I, Baltruschat H. Towards a generalized ORR mechanism in M2+ containing DMSO – Oxygen reduction and evolution in Ca2+ containing DMSO on atomically smooth and rough Pt. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koellisch-Mirbach
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Department of theoretical and physical chemistry GERMANY
| | - Pawel, Peter Bawol
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Department of theoretical and physical chemistry GERMANY
| | - Inhee Park
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Department of theoretical and physical chemistry GERMANY
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- University of Bonn Inst. f. Physikalische u.Theoret. Chemie R�merstra�e 164-Abteilung Elektrochemie- 53117 Bonn GERMANY
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5
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Köllisch‐Mirbach A, Park I, Hegemann M, Thome E, Baltruschat H. Electrochemical Reduction of O 2 in Ca 2+ -Containing DMSO: Role of Roughness and Single Crystal Structure. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2564-2575. [PMID: 33881219 PMCID: PMC8252535 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Ca2+ -containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at well-ordered and rough electrode surfaces is compared by using cyclic voltammetry, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, rotating ring disk electrode, and atomic force microscopy measurements. Slightly soluble CaO2 is the main product during early ORR on gold electrodes; after completion of a monolayer of CaO and/or CaO2 , which is formed in parallel and in competition to the peroxide, only superoxide is formed. When the monolayer is completely closed on smooth annealed Au, no further reduction occurs, whereas on rough Au a defect-rich layer allows for continuous formation of superoxide. CaO2 formed either via two subsequent 1 e - transfer steps or by disproportionation of superoxide may be deposited on top of the CaO/CaO2 adsorbate layer. The slow dissolution of the peroxide particles is demonstrated by AFM. Whereas a smooth CaO/CaO2 -covered electrode shows severe deactivation and a CaO/CaO2 -covered rough electrode allows for diffusion-limited superoxide formation, on single crystals peroxide formation is more pronounced. The reason is most likely the lack of nucleation sites for the blocking CaO/CaO2 layer. RRDE investigations showed sluggish reoxidation kinetics of the dissolved peroxide, which are most likely due to ion pairing with Ca2+ . The apparent transfer coefficient is estimated by using variation of the electrode roughness, confirming the result of the usual Tafel analysis and indicating an equilibrated first 1 e - transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Köllisch‐Mirbach
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnRömerstraße 16453117BonnGermany
| | - Inhee Park
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnRömerstraße 16453117BonnGermany
| | - Martina Hegemann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnRömerstraße 16453117BonnGermany
| | - Elke Thome
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnRömerstraße 16453117BonnGermany
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnRömerstraße 16453117BonnGermany
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6
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Hegemann M, Bawol PP, Köllisch-Mirbach A, Baltruschat H. Mixed Lithium and Sodium Ion Aprotic DMSO Electrolytes for Oxygen Reduction on Au and Pt Studied by DEMS and RRDE. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn order to advance the development of metal-air batteries and solve possible problems, it is necessary to gain a fundamental understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms. In this study we investigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER, from species formed during ORR) in Na+ containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on poly and single crystalline Pt and Au electrodes. Using a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) generator collector setup and additional differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), we investigate the ORR mechanism and product distribution. We found that the formation of adsorbed Na2O2, which inhibits further oxygen reduction, is kinetically favored on Pt overadsorption on Au. Peroxide formation occurs to a smaller extent on the single crystal electrodes of Pt than on the polycrystalline surface. Utilizing two different approaches, we were able to calculate the heterogeneous rate constants of the O2/O2− redox couple on Pt and Au and found a higher rate for Pt electrodes compared to Au. We will show that on both electrodes the first electron transfer (formation of superoxide) is the rate-determining step in the reaction mechanism. Small amounts of added Li+ in the electrolyte reduce the reversibility of the O2/O2− redox couples due to faster and more efficient blocking of the electrode by peroxide. Another effect is the positive potential shift of the peroxide formation on both electrodes. The reaction rate of the peroxide formation on the Au electrode increases when increasing the Li+ content in the electrolyte, whereas it remains unaffected on the Pt electrode. However, we can show that the mixed electrolytes promote the activity of peroxide oxidation on the Pt electrode compared to a pure Li+ electrolyte. Overall, we found that the addition of Li+ leads to a Li+-dominated mechanism (ORR onset and product distribution) as soon as the Li+ concentration exceeds the oxygen concentration.
Graphical abstract
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7
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Na-K liquid alloy: A review on wettability enhancement and ionic carrier selection mechanism. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Shatla AS, Bawol PP, Baltruschat H. Adsorption of Iodide and Bromide on Au(111) Electrodes from Aprotic Electrolytes: Role of the Solvent. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Shatla
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn 53117 Bonn Germany
- Permanent address: Menoufia University Faculty of Science, Chemistry Dept. Shebin Elkoom Egypt
| | - Pawel P. Bawol
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn 53117 Bonn Germany
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9
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Galloway TA, Attard G, Hardwick LJ. An electrochemical investigation of oxygen adsorption on Pt single crystal electrodes in a non-aqueous Li+ electrolyte. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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10
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Koellisch-Mirbach A, Lohrmann T, Reinsberg PH, Baltruschat H. The mechanism of Li2O2-film formation and reoxidation – Influence of electrode roughness and single crystal surface structure. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Effect of Salt Concentration, Solvent Donor Number and Coordination Structure on the Variation of the Li/Li+ Potential in Aprotic Electrolytes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of concentrated aprotic electrolytes in lithium batteries provides numerous potential applications, including the use of high-voltage cathodes and Li-metal anodes. In this paper, we aim at understanding the effect of salt concentration on the variation of the Li/Li+ Quasi-Reference Electrode (QRE) potential in Tetraglyme (TG)-based electrolytes. Comparing the obtained results to those achieved using Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO-based electrolytes, we are now able to take a step forward and understand how the effect of solvent coordination and its donor number (DN) is attributed to the Li-QRE potential shift. Using a revised Nernst equation, the alteration of the Li redox potential with salt concentration was determined accurately. It is found that, in TG, the Li-QRE shift follows a different trend than in DMSO owing to the lower DN and expected shorter lifespan of the solvated cation complex.
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12
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Iodide adsorption at Au(111) electrode in non-aqueous electrolyte: AC-voltammetry and EIS studies. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Bawol PP, Thimm JH, Baltruschat H. Unraveling the Mechanism of the Solution‐Mediated Oxygen Reduction in Metal‐O
2
Batteries: The Importance of Ion Association. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Peter Bawol
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität Bonn Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Thimm
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität Bonn Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität Bonn Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
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14
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On the importance of ion pair formation and the effect of water in potassium–oxygen batteries. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Tuning anion solvation energetics enhances potassium-oxygen battery performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14899-14904. [PMID: 31292256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901329116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a critical reaction in secondary batteries based on alkali metal chemistries. The nonaqueous electrolyte mediates ion and oxygen transport and determines the heterogeneous charge transfer rates by controlling the nature and degree of solvation. This study shows that the solvent reorganization energy (λ) correlates well with the oxygen diffusion coefficient [Formula: see text] and with the ORR rate constant [Formula: see text] in nonaqueous Li-, Na-, and K-O2 cells, thereby elucidating the impact of variations in the solvation shell on the ORR. Increasing cation size (from Li+ to K+) doubled [Formula: see text], indicating an increased sensitivity of k to the choice of anion, while variations in [Formula: see text]were minimal over this cation size range. At the level of a symmetric K-O2 cell, both the formation of solvent-separated ion pairs [K+-(DMSO)n-ClO4 - + (DMSO)m-ClO4 -] and the anions being unsolvated (in case of PF6 -) lowered ORR activation barriers with a 200-mV lower overpotential for the PF6 - and ClO4 - electrolytes compared with OTf- and TFSI- electrolytes with partial anion solvation [predominantly K+-(DMSO)n-OTf-]. Balancing transport and kinetic requirements, KPF6 in DMSO is identified as a promising electrolyte for K-O2 batteries.
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16
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Reinsberg PH, Koellisch A, Bawol PP, Baltruschat H. K–O2 electrochemistry: achieving highly reversible peroxide formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4286-4294. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and classical electrochemical methods reveal that electrochemically produced K2O2 can be reversibly reoxidized to O2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Koellisch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Pawel Peter Bawol
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
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17
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Bawol PP, Reinsberg PH, Baltruschat H. Fast and Simultaneous Determination of Gas Diffusivities and Solubilities in Liquids Employing a Thin-Layer Cell Coupled to a Mass Spectrometer, Part I: Setup and Methodology. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14145-14149. [PMID: 30408955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transport properties and solubilities of volatile species in liquid solutions are of high interest in different chemical, biological, and physical systems. In this work, a new approach for determining the diffusivity and solubility of gases in liquids simultaneously is presented. The method presented relies on the diffusion of a volatile species through a thin, liquid layer and the subsequent detection of the species using a mass spectrometer. Evaluation of the time development of the resulting transient yields the diffusion coefficient, while the concentration of the species in the liquid layer can be calculated from the steady-state value of the flux into the mass spectrometer. Apart from the geometry of the thin layer and the calibration constant of the mass spectrometer no additional or external data are required. Experimental results of the temperature-dependent solubility and diffusivity of oxygen in dimethyl sulfoxide are presented in our companion paper Part II and serve as a proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Peter Bawol
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Römerstraße 164 , D-53117 Bonn , German
| | - Philip Heinrich Reinsberg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Römerstraße 164 , D-53117 Bonn , German
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Römerstraße 164 , D-53117 Bonn , German
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18
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Reinsberg PH, Bawol PP, Thome E, Baltruschat H. Fast and Simultaneous Determination of Gas Diffusivities and Solubilities in Liquids Employing a Thin-Layer Cell Coupled to a Mass Spectrometer, Part II: Proof of Concept and Experimental Results. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14150-14155. [PMID: 30408952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new method for simultaneously determining gas diffusivities and solubilities in liquids was presented and discussed in detail in Part I of this series. In this part of the series, the new measurement cell was employed to determine oxygen solubilities and diffusivities in 20 different dimethyl sulfoxide-based electrolytes. In addition, a comparison to values available in literature was made. From the temperature dependence of the diffusivity between 20 and 40 °C an activation barrier of 19 kJ mol-1 for the diffusion of oxygen in pure dimethyl sulfoxide was found. Moreover, qualitative agreement between Jones-Dole viscosity coefficients and the dependence of the diffusivity on the electrolyte concentration was confirmed. The temperature-dependent solubility measurements revealed an unexpected increase of the oxygen solubility for temperatures above 30 °C. While the oxygen solubility in the case of the alkali-perchlorates decreases with increasing electrolyte concentration, a pronounced salting-in effect for lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Heinrich Reinsberg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Römerstraße 164 , D-53117 Bonn , German
| | - Pawel Peter Bawol
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Römerstraße 164 , D-53117 Bonn , German
| | - Elke Thome
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Römerstraße 164 , D-53117 Bonn , German
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Bonn , Römerstraße 164 , D-53117 Bonn , German
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19
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Pranay Reddy K, Fischer P, Marinaro M, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M. Improved Li-Metal Cycling Performance in High Concentrated Electrolytes for Li-O2
Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Pranay Reddy
- Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtzstr. 8 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Philipp Fischer
- Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtzstr. 8 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Mario Marinaro
- Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtzstr. 8 89081 Ulm Germany
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20
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Reinsberg P, Abd-El-Latif AEAA, Baltruschat H. Investigation of the complex influence of divalent cations on the oxygen reduction reaction in aprotic solvents. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Zhang P, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Functional and stability orientation synthesis of materials and structures in aprotic Li–O2batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2921-3004. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00009c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the recent advances made in the functional and stability orientation synthesis of materials/structures for Li–O2batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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22
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Bawol PP, Reinsberg P, Bondue CJ, Abd-El-Latif AA, Königshoven P, Baltruschat H. A new thin layer cell for battery related DEMS-experiments: the activity of redox mediators in the Li–O2 cell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21447-21456. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03592j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activity of four different redox mediators was investigated with DEMS. The paper provides information about the underlying mechanism of Li2O2 oxidation by a redox mediator as well as about the stability of the redox mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Bawol
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - P. Reinsberg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - C. J. Bondue
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - A. A. Abd-El-Latif
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
- National Research Centre
| | - P. Königshoven
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - H. Baltruschat
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
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23
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Yu W, Lau KC, Lei Y, Liu R, Qin L, Yang W, Li B, Curtiss LA, Zhai D, Kang F. Dendrite-Free Potassium-Oxygen Battery Based on a Liquid Alloy Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31871-31878. [PMID: 28849647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The safety issue caused by the dendrite growth is not only a key research problem in lithium-ion batteries but also a critical concern in alkali metal (i.e., Li, Na, and K)-oxygen batteries where a solid metal is usually used as the anode. Herein, we demonstrate the first dendrite-free K-O2 battery at ambient temperature based on a liquid Na-K alloy anode. The unique liquid-liquid connection between the liquid alloy and the electrolyte in our alloy anode-based battery provides a homogeneous and robust anode-electrolyte interface. Meanwhile, we manage to show that the Na-K alloy is only compatible in K-O2 batteries but not in Na-O2 batteries, which is mainly attributed to the stronger reducibility of potassium and relatively more favorable thermodynamic formation of KO2 over NaO2 during the discharge process. It is observed that our K-O2 battery based on a liquid alloy anode shows a long cycle life (over 620 h) and a low discharge-charge overpotential (about 0.05 V at initial cycles). Moreover, the mechanism investigation into the K-O2 cell degradation shows that the O2 crossover effect and the ether-electrolyte instability are the critical problems for K-O2 batteries. In a word, this study provides a new route to solve the problems caused by the dendrite growth in alkali metal-oxygen batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kah Chun Lau
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge , 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
| | - Yu Lei
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruliang Liu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dengyun Zhai
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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24
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The impact of solvent properties on the performance of oxygen reduction and evolution in mixed tetraglyme-dimethyl sulfoxide electrolytes for Li-O2 batteries: Mechanism and stability. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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A Chronoamperometric Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectroscopy Study on the Growth of Li2O2 and Its Effect on the Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction in Dimethylsulfoxide Based Electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Saputera WH, Scott J, Tahini H, Low GKC, Tan X, Smith S, Wang DW, Amal R. Light, Catalyst, Activation: Boosting Catalytic Oxygen Activation Using a Light Pretreatment Approach. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wibawa H. Saputera
- Particle and Catalysis Research Group,
School of Chemical Engineering and §Integrated Materials
Design Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jason Scott
- Particle and Catalysis Research Group,
School of Chemical Engineering and §Integrated Materials
Design Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Hassan Tahini
- Particle and Catalysis Research Group,
School of Chemical Engineering and §Integrated Materials
Design Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Gary K. C. Low
- Particle and Catalysis Research Group,
School of Chemical Engineering and §Integrated Materials
Design Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xin Tan
- Particle and Catalysis Research Group,
School of Chemical Engineering and §Integrated Materials
Design Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sean Smith
- Particle and Catalysis Research Group,
School of Chemical Engineering and §Integrated Materials
Design Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Particle and Catalysis Research Group,
School of Chemical Engineering and §Integrated Materials
Design Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particle and Catalysis Research Group,
School of Chemical Engineering and §Integrated Materials
Design Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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27
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Bondue C, Königshoven P, Baltruschat H. A New 2-Compartment Flow Through Cell for the Simultaneous Detection of Electrochemical Reaction Products by a Detection Electrode and Mass Spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Reinsberg P, Bondue C, Baltruschat H. Mechanistic investigation of the oxygen reduction in magnesium ion-containing dimethyl sulfoxide. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Liu SH, Yang SW, Chen SC. Iron nanoparticles with a square pyramidal structure in mesoporous carbons as an effective catalyst toward oxygen reduction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FeAMC-1273, with more pyridinic-N and pyridinic-N–Fe for the creation of a square pyramidal planar geometry around iron, exhibits the best ORR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Heng Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 70101
- Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 70101
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 70101
- Taiwan
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