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Arias A, Gómez S, Rojas-Valencia N, Núñez-Zarur F, Cappelli C, Murillo-López JA, Restrepo A. Formation and evolution of C-C, C-O, C[double bond, length as m-dash]O and C-N bonds in chemical reactions of prebiotic interest. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28804-28817. [PMID: 36320504 PMCID: PMC9549586 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of prebiotic chemical reactions yielding the precursor building blocks of amino acids, proteins and carbohydrates, starting solely from HCN and water is studied here. We closely follow the formation and evolution of the pivotal C-C, C-O, C[double bond, length as m-dash]O, and C-N bonds, which dictate the chemistry of the molecules of life. In many cases, formation of these bonds is set in motion by proton transfers in which individual water molecules act as catalysts so that water atoms end up in the products. Our results indicate that the prebiotic formation of carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, formic acid, formaldimine, glycolaldehyde, glycine, glycolonitrile, and oxazole derivatives, among others, are best described as highly nonsynchronous concerted single step processes. Nonetheless, for all reactions involving double proton transfer, the formation and breaking of O-H bonds around a particular O atom occur in a synchronous fashion, apparently independently from other primitive processes. For the most part, the first process to initiate seems to be the double proton transfer in the reactions where they are present, then bond breaking/formation around the reactive carbon in the carbonyl group and finally rupture of the C-N bonds in the appropriate cases, which are the most reluctant to break. Remarkably, within the limitations of our non-dynamical computational model, the wide ranges of temperature and pressure in which these reactions occur, downplay the problematic determination of the exact constraints on the early Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Arias
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeACalle 70 No. 52-21MedellínColombia
| | - Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di ScienzePiazza dei Cavalieri 7Pisa56126Italy
| | - Natalia Rojas-Valencia
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeACalle 70 No. 52-21MedellínColombia,Escuela de Ciencias y Humanidades, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad EafitMedellínAA 3300Colombia
| | - Francisco Núñez-Zarur
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de MedellínCarrera 87 No. 30-65Medellín050026Colombia
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di ScienzePiazza dei Cavalieri 7Pisa56126Italy
| | - Juliana A. Murillo-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres BelloAutopista, Concepción-TalcahuanoTalcahuano 7100Chile
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeACalle 70 No. 52-21MedellínColombia
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Correa E, Montaño D, Restrepo A. Cation ⋯anion bonding interactions in 1–Ethyl–3–Methylimidazolium based ionic liquids. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Phelps R, Orr-Ewing AJ. Direct Observation of the Dynamics of Ylide Solvation by Hydrogen-bond Donors Using Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9330-9343. [PMID: 35580274 PMCID: PMC9164226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoexcitation of α-diazocarbonyl compounds produces singlet carbene intermediates that react with nucleophilic solvent molecules to form ylides. The zwitterionic nature of these newly formed ylides induces rapid changes in their interactions with the surrounding solvent. Here, ultrafast time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy is used to study the ylide-forming reactions of singlet carbene intermediates from the 270 nm photoexcitation of ethyl diazoacetate in various solvents and the changes in the subsequent ylide-solvent interactions. The results provide direct spectroscopic observation of the competition between ylide formation and C-H insertion in reactions of the singlet carbene with nucleophilic solvent molecules. We further report the specific solvation dynamics of the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-derived ylide (with a characteristic IR absorption band at 1636 cm-1) by various hydrogen-bond donors and the coordination by lithium cations. Hydrogen-bonded ylide bands shift to a lower wavenumber by -19 cm-1 for interactions with ethanol, -14 cm-1 for chloroform, -10 cm-1 for dichloromethane, -9 cm-1 for acetonitrile or cyclohexane, and -16 cm-1 for Li+ coordination, allowing the time evolution of the ylide-solvent interactions to be tracked. The hydrogen-bonded ylide bands grow with rate coefficients that are close to the diffusional limit. We further characterize the specific interactions of ethanol with the THF-derived ylide using quantum chemical (MP2) calculations and DFT-based atom-centered density matrix propagation trajectories, which show preferential coordination to the α-carbonyl group. This coordination alters the hybridization character of the ylidic carbon atom, with the greatest change toward sp2 character found for lithium-ion coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Phelps
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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Analysis of Conformational Preferences in Caffeine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061937. [PMID: 35335301 PMCID: PMC8949453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High level DLPNO−CCSD(T) electronic structure calculations with extended basis sets over B3LYP−D3 optimized geometries indicate that the three methyl groups in caffeine overcome steric hindrance to adopt uncommon conformations, each one placing a C−H bond on the same plane of the aromatic system, leading to the C−H bonds eclipsing one carbonyl group, one heavily delocalized C−N bond constituent of the fused double ring aromatic system, and one C−H bond from the imidazole ring. Deletion of indiscriminate and selective non-Lewis orbitals unequivocally show that hyperconjugation in the form of a bidirectional −CH3 ⇆ aromatic system charge transfer is responsible for these puzzling conformations. The structural preferences in caffeine are exclusively determined by orbital interactions, ruling out electrostatics, induction, bond critical points, and density redistribution because the steric effect, the allylic effect, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), and the non-covalent interactions (NCI), all predict wrong energetic orderings. Tiny rotational barriers, not exceeding 1.3 kcal/mol suggest that at room conditions, each methyl group either acts as a free rotor or adopts fluxional behavior, thus preventing accurate determination of their conformations. In this context, our results supersede current experimental ambiguity in the assignation of methyl conformation in caffeine and, more generally, in methylated xanthines and their derivatives.
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Gómez S, Rojas-Valencia N, Gómez SA, Cappelli C, Merino G, Restrepo A. A molecular twist on hydrophobicity. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9233-9245. [PMID: 34276953 PMCID: PMC8261874 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough exploration of the molecular basis for hydrophobicity with a comprehensive set of theoretical tools and an extensive set of organic solvent S/water binary systems is discussed in this work. Without a single exception, regardless of the nature or structure of S, all quantum descriptors of bonding yield stabilizing S⋯water interactions, therefore, there is no evidence of repulsion and thus no reason for etymological hydrophobicity at the molecular level. Our results provide molecular insight behind the exclusion of S molecules by water, customarily invoked to explain phase separation and the formation of interfaces, in favor of a complex interplay between entropic, enthalpic, and dynamic factors. S⋯water interfaces are not just thin films separating the two phases; instead, they are non-isotropic regions with density gradients for each component whose macroscopic stability is provided by a large number of very weak dihydrogen contacts. We offer a definition of interface as the region in which the density of the components in the A/B binary system is not constant. At a fundamental level, our results contribute to better current understanding of hydrophobicity. Notwithstanding the very weak nature of individual contacts, it is the cumulative effect of a large number of interactions (green NCI surfaces) which provides macroscopic stability to the interfaces.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Natalia Rojas-Valencia
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA Calle 70 No. 52-21 Medellín Colombia .,Escuela de Ciencias y Humanidades, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Eafit AA 3300 Medellín Colombia
| | - Santiago A Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA Calle 70 No. 52-21 Medellín Colombia
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yucatan Mexico
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA Calle 70 No. 52-21 Medellín Colombia
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Tobón P, Gómez S, Restrepo A, Núñez-Zarur F. Role of Substrate Substituents in Alkene Metathesis Mediated by a Ru Alkylidene Catalyst. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tobón
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 50010, Colombia
| | - Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 50010, Colombia
| | - Francisco Núñez-Zarur
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 No. 30-65, 050026 Medellín, Colombia
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Rojas-Valencia N, Gómez S, Guerra D, Restrepo A. A detailed look at the bonding interactions in the microsolvation of monoatomic cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13049-13061. [PMID: 32478372 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Global and local descriptors of the properties of intermolecular bonding, formally derived from independent methodologies (QTAIM, NCI, NBO, density differences) afford a highly complex picture of the bonding interactions responsible for microsolvation of monoatomic cations. In all cases, the dominant factor dictating geometries and interaction strengths is the electrophilic power of the metal cation. The formal charge disrupts the hydrogen bonding network otherwise present in pristine water clusters, making the hydrogen bonds considerably stronger, even inducing some degree of covalency. All MO interactions are highly ionic, with strengths than in some cases approach that of the reference LiCl bond. Accumulation of electron density in the region connecting MO is observed, thus, ionic bonding in the microsolvation of monoatomic cations is not as simple as an electrostatic interaction between opposing charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rojas-Valencia
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. and Escuela de Ciencias y Humanidades, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Eafit, AA 3300, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Doris Guerra
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Phelps R, Orr-Ewing AJ. Direct Observation of Ylide and Enol Intermediates Formed in Competition with Wolff Rearrangement of Photoexcited Ethyl Diazoacetoacetate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7836-7844. [PMID: 32267699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The photoexcitation of α-diazocarbonyl compounds produces ketenes by both concerted and stepwise Wolff rearrangements. The stepwise mechanism proceeds through singlet carbene intermediates which can also participate in bimolecular reactions such as ylide formation with nucleophiles. Here, ultrafast transient infrared absorption spectroscopy is used to show competitive production of singlet carbene and ketene intermediates from the photoexcitation of ethyl diazoacetoacetate. We provide direct spectroscopic evidence for ylide formation by singlet α-carbonyl carbene capture in aprotic nucleophilic solvents (with ylide bands at 1625 cm-1 in acetonitrile and 1586 and 1635 cm-1 in tetrahydrofuran) and report an enol-mediated pathway for singlet α-carbonyl carbene reaction with alcohols (ethanol or tert-butanol) identified by an absorption band at 1694 cm-1; however, we find no evidence for a previously proposed ylide pathway. The α-carbonyl carbene is monitored by using a band with solvent-dependent wavenumber in the range 1627-1645 cm-1. A computed two-dimensional cut of the potential energy surface for the reaction of the singlet α-carbonyl carbene with methanol shows that the enol forms without a barrier and that this reaction is promoted by an intermolecular hydrogen bond from methanol to the carbonyl oxygen atom. The corresponding ylide structure lies higher in energy, with a barrierless downhill path to isomerization to the enol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Phelps
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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9
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Gómez S, Giovannini T, Cappelli C. Absorption spectra of xanthines in aqueous solution: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5929-5941. [PMID: 32115599 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a detailed computational analysis of the UV/Vis spectra of caffeine, paraxanthine and theophylline in aqueous solution. A hierarchy of solvation approaches for modeling the aqueous environment have been tested, ranging from the continuum model to the non-polarizable and polarizable quantum mechanical (QM)/molecular mechanics (MM) models, with and without the explicit inclusion of water molecules in the QM portion. The computed results are directly compared with the experimental data, thus highlighting the role of electrostatic, polarization and hydrogen boding solute-solvent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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10
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Abstract
A wide variety of descriptors of the evolution of bonding, rooted in the formalism of quantum mechanics, but otherwise conceptually and methodologically independent of each other (based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbitals), consistently indicate that in the mechanism of the salt-free Wittig reaction, regardless of the nature of the ylide, regardless of the nature of the transition state, and regardless of the positioning of the substituents around the reactive center, the degree of advance in the formation of the emerging C-C bond as early as at the transition state for the oxaphosphetane formation step is firmly tied to the stereochemistry of the final alkene. In addition to the fast evolution of the emerging C-C bond, very early in the reaction, a long range, weak interaction between a lone pair in the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group and an empty p orbital in the phosphorous atom, resulting from the polarization of the P═C bond in the ylide (nO → πP═C*), clamps the P═C and C═O bonds to the positions required for the subsequent formation of oxaphosphetanes, thus explaining the formation of cyclic intermediates rather than betaines. Each step of the Wittig reaction is a highly asynchronous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Farfán
- Instituto de Química , Universidad de Antioquia UdeA , Calle 70 No. 52-21 , 50037 Medellín , Colombia
| | - Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore , Classe di Scienze , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química , Universidad de Antioquia UdeA , Calle 70 No. 52-21 , 50037 Medellín , Colombia
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11
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Llano S, Gómez S, Londoño J, Restrepo A. Antioxidant activity of curcuminoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3752-3760. [PMID: 30702098 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06708b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An exploration of the antioxidant power of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, three natural antioxidants found in Curcuma longa, is reported in this work. We exhaust all structural possibilities leading to intramolecular hydrogen bonding and evaluate 15 isomers in total. Calculations were carried out in the gas phase and in the presence of solvents (water, to mimic biological media, and ethanol, to reproduce experimental assays) following the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single electron transfer (SET) mechanisms. CH3OH-O hydrogen bonds are directly related to the antioxidant power via both mechanisms. We provide evidence to explain the experimental observations and to understand the fundamental factors driving antioxidant activity from a molecular perspective. Noticeably, the solvent enhances the antioxidant power in every case. All structures considered here are predicted to have better antioxidant abilities than phenol, and come very close to or surpass vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Llano
- Departamento de Educación y Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No. 76A-354, Medellín, Colombia
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12
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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Sun S, Zhang G. Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations on intramolecular charge transfer phenomenon in 1-3-dioxolane derivative. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 190:324-331. [PMID: 28941886 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China.
| | - Zhongzhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Yijing Luo
- Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Guangqing Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials & Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW2522, Australia
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13
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Coa JC, Cardona-Galeano W, Restrepo A. Fe3+chelating quinoline–hydrazone hybrids with proven cytotoxicity, leishmanicidal, and trypanocidal activities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20382-20390. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases cause great concern in developing countries where there are millions of reported infected humans. Our calculations support a direct relationship between biological activity and the Fe3+chelating ability of the shown set of quinoline–hydrazone hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Coa
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | | | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
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14
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Farfán P, Echeverri A, Diaz E, Tapia JD, Gómez S, Restrepo A. Dimers of formic acid: Structures, stability, and double proton transfer. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4985880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Farfán
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrea Echeverri
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Estefanía Diaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Tapia
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara Gómez
- Departamento de Educación y Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No. 76A–354, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
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15
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Zapata-Escobar AD, Cárcamo-Camacho T, Hadad CZ, Restrepo A. On the nature of the trimer, tetramer, and pentamer of ammonia borane. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Flórez E, Acelas N, Ibargüen C, Mondal S, Cabellos JL, Merino G, Restrepo A. Microsolvation of NO3−: structural exploration and bonding analysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rich and complex structural diversity is uncovered in the microsolvation of the nitrate anion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Acelas
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
- Universidad de Medellín
- Colombia
| | - César Ibargüen
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
- Universidad de Medellín
- Colombia
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
| | - Sukanta Mondal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Unidad Mérida
- Mérida
- Mexico
| | - José Luis Cabellos
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Unidad Mérida
- Mérida
- Mexico
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Unidad Mérida
- Mérida
- Mexico
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
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17
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Salazar-Cano JR, Guevara-García A, Vargas R, Restrepo A, Garza J. Hydrogen bonds in methane–water clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23508-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water–methane clusters are stable at low temperatures as those found in Mars. Water cages enveloping methane are stable, although they present small probability to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ramón Salazar-Cano
- Departamento de Química
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- San Rafael Atlixco 186
- México City
| | - Alfredo Guevara-García
- Departamento de Química
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- San Rafael Atlixco 186
- México City
| | - Rubicelia Vargas
- Departamento de Química
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- San Rafael Atlixco 186
- México City
| | | | - Jorge Garza
- Departamento de Química
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- San Rafael Atlixco 186
- México City
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