1
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Mroz D, Wang R, Englert U, Dronskowski R. Can we trust the experiment? Anisotropic displacement parameters in 1-(halomethyl)-3-nitrobenzene (halogen = Cl or Br). Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2020; 76:591-597. [PMID: 32499457 PMCID: PMC7273188 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229620006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
1-(Chloromethyl)-3-nitrobenzene, C7H6NClO2, and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-nitrobenzene, C7H6NBrO2, were chosen as test compounds for benchmarking anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) calculated from first principles in the harmonic approximation. Crystals of these compounds are isomorphous, and theory predicted similar ADPs for both. In-house diffraction experiments with Mo Kα radiation were in apparent contradiction to this theoretical result, with experimentally observed ADPs significantly larger for the bromo derivative. In contrast, the experimental and theoretical ADPs for the lighter congener matched reasonably well. As all usual quality indicators for both sets of experimental data were satisfactory, complementary diffraction experiments were performed at a synchrotron beamline with shorter wavelength. Refinements based on these intensity data gave very similar ADPs for both compounds and were thus in agreement with the earlier in-house results for the chloro derivative and the predictions of theory. We speculate that strong absorption by the heavy halogen may be the reason for the observed discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Mroz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Mroz D, George J, Kremer M, Wang R, Englert U, Dronskowski R. A new tool for validating theoretically derived anisotropic displacement parameters with experiment: directionality of prolate displacement ellipsoids. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00794f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
How well do anisotropic displacement parameters from theory match experiment? The orientation of prolate ellipsoids contributes to the answer!
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mroz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - J. George
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - M. Kremer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - R. Wang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
| | - U. Englert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
| | - R. Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-HPC)
- RWTH Aachen University
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3
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4
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Baker PA, Catledge SA, Harris SB, Ham KJ, Chen WC, Chen CC, Vohra YK. Computational Predictions and Microwave Plasma Synthesis of Superhard Boron-Carbon Materials. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11081279. [PMID: 30044407 PMCID: PMC6117701 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Superhard boron-carbon materials are of prime interest due to their non-oxidizing properties at high temperatures compared to diamond-based materials and their non-reactivity with ferrous metals under extreme conditions. In this work, evolutionary algorithms combined with density functional theory have been utilized to predict stable structures and properties for the boron-carbon system, including the elusive superhard BC5 compound. We report on the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition on a silicon substrate of a series of composite materials containing amorphous boron-doped graphitic carbon, boron-doped diamond, and a cubic hard-phase with a boron-content as high as 7.7 at%. The nanoindentation hardness of these composite materials can be tailored from 8 GPa to as high as 62 GPa depending on the growth conditions. These materials have been characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation hardness, and the experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. Our studies show that a significant amount of boron up to 7.7 at% can be accommodated in the cubic phase of diamond and its phonon modes and mechanical properties can be accurately modeled by theory. This cubic hard-phase can be incorporated into amorphous boron-carbon matrices to yield superhard materials with tunable hardness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Baker
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Shane A Catledge
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Sumner B Harris
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Kathryn J Ham
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Cheng-Chien Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Yogesh K Vohra
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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5
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George J, Wang R, Englert U, Dronskowski R. Lattice thermal expansion and anisotropic displacements in urea, bromomalonic aldehyde, pentachloropyridine, and naphthalene. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:074112. [PMID: 28830176 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) are commonly used in crystallography, chemistry, and related fields to describe and quantify thermal motion of atoms. Within the very recent years, these ADPs have become predictable by lattice dynamics in combination with first-principles theory. Here, we study four very different molecular crystals, namely, urea, bromomalonic aldehyde, pentachloropyridine, and naphthalene, by first-principles theory to assess the quality of ADPs calculated in the quasi-harmonic approximation. In addition, we predict both the thermal expansion and thermal motion within the quasi-harmonic approximation and compare the predictions with the experimental data. Very reliable ADPs are calculated within the quasi-harmonic approximation for all four cases up to at least 200 K, and they turn out to be in better agreement with the experiment than those calculated within the harmonic approximation. In one particular case, ADPs can even reliably be predicted up to room temperature. Our results also hint at the importance of normal-mode anharmonicity in the calculation of ADPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine George
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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6
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Gentile FS, Salustro S, Desmarais JK, Ferrari AM, D'Arco P, Dovesi R. Vibrational spectroscopy of hydrogens in diamond: a quantum mechanical treatment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11930-11940. [PMID: 29667679 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00596f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and vibrational features of the VHn (n = 1 to 4) family of defects in diamond (hydrogen atoms saturating the dangling bonds of the atoms surrounding a vacancy) are investigated at the quantum mechanical level by using the periodic supercell approach, an all electron Gaussian type basis set, hybrid functionals, and the Crystal code. Most of the results have been collected for supercells containing 64 atoms; however, in order to explore the effect of the defect concentration on both the IR and Raman spectra, supercells containing 216, 512 and 1000 atoms have also been considered in the VH4 case. For each system, all the possible spin states are considered; their relative stability, band structure, charge and spin density distributions are thoroughly described. All the investigated systems present specific IR and Raman spectra, with vibrational spectroscopic features that can in principle be used as fingerprints for their characterization. This is particularly true for the C-H stretching, that ranges between 2500 and 4400 cm-1. The stretching modes are strongly affected by anharmonicity that has been evaluated in this work; it turns out to be extremely sensitive to the H load and spin state of the system, and ranges from -335 cm-1 for VH1 to +85 cm-1 for VH4. All of the investigated defects have very low C-H stretching IR intensity, so that they essentially appear as silent, the exception being VH1. The situation is different for the Raman spectra: the stretching modes of all defects do have similar large intensity; unfortunately here it is the experimental evidence that is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Silvio Gentile
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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7
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Sansone G, Salustro S, Noël Y, Maschio L, Mackrodt WC, Dovesi R. Looking for
$$sp^2$$
s
p
2
carbon atoms in diamond: a quantum mechanical study of interacting vacancies. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Salustro S, Ferrari AM, Gentile FS, Desmarais JK, Rérat M, Dovesi R. Characterization of the B-Center Defect in Diamond through the Vibrational Spectrum: A Quantum-Mechanical Approach. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:594-600. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Salustro
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ferrari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Jacques Kontak Desmarais
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Department
of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E2
| | - Michel Rérat
- Equipe
de Chimie Physique, IPREM UMR5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Roberto Dovesi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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9
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Erba A, Baima J, Bush I, Orlando R, Dovesi R. Large-Scale Condensed Matter DFT Simulations: Performance and Capabilities of the CRYSTAL Code. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5019-5027. [PMID: 28873313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the efficient exploitation of high-performance computing resources is crucial to extend the applicability of first-principles theoretical methods to the description of large, progressively more realistic molecular and condensed matter systems. This can be achieved only by devising effective parallelization strategies for the most time-consuming steps of a calculation, which requires some effort given the usual complexity of quantum-mechanical algorithms, particularly so if parallelization is to be extended to all properties and not just to the basic functionalities of the code. In this Article, the performance and capabilities of the massively parallel version of the Crystal17 package for first-principles calculations on solids are discussed. In particular, we present: (i) recent developments allowing for a further improvement of the code scalability (up to 32 768 cores); (ii) a quantitative analysis of the scaling and memory requirements of the code when running calculations with several thousands (up to about 14 000) of atoms per cell; (iii) a documentation of the high numerical size consistency of the code; and (iv) an overview of recent ab initio studies of several physical properties (structural, energetic, electronic, vibrational, spectroscopic, thermodynamic, elastic, piezoelectric, topological) of large systems investigated with the code.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erba
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino , Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J Baima
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino , Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - I Bush
- Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford , 7 Keble Road, OX1 3QG, Oxford, U.K
| | - R Orlando
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino , Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino , Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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10
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Salustro S, Ferrari AM, Orlando R, Dovesi R. Comparison between cluster and supercell approaches: the case of defects in diamond. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Salustro S, Sansone G, Zicovich-Wilson CM, Noël Y, Maschio L, Dovesi R. The A-center defect in diamond: quantum mechanical characterization through the infrared spectrum. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:14478-14485. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00093f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The A-center in diamond, which consists of two nitrogen atoms substituting two neighboring carbon atoms, has been investigated at the quantum mechanical level using an all-electron Gaussian type basis set, hybrid functionals and the periodic supercell approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Salustro
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
| | | | - Claudio M. Zicovich-Wilson
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias-(IICBA)
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
- Av. Universidad
- 62209 Cuernavaca
- Mexico
| | - Yves Noël
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (UMR 7193 UPMC-CNRS)
- UPMC
- Sorbonne Universités
- Paris
- France
| | - Lorenzo Maschio
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Roberto Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
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12
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Gentile FS, Salustro S, Causà M, Erba A, Carbonniére P, Dovesi R. The VN3H defect in diamond: a quantum-mechanical characterization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22221-22229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03957c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural, electronic, energetic and vibrational spectroscopic (IR and Raman) properties of the VN3H defect in diamond are investigated with quantum mechanical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Salustro
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Mauro Causà
- Dipartimento di Ingengeria Chimica
- dei Materiali e delle Produzioni Industriali DICMAPI
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Erba
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Philippe Carbonniére
- Equipe de Chimie Physique
- IPREM UMR5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
- 64000 Pau
- France
| | - Roberto Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
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13
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George J, Deringer VL, Wang A, Müller P, Englert U, Dronskowski R. Lattice thermal expansion and anisotropic displacements in 𝜶-sulfur from diffraction experiments and first-principles theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:234512. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janine George
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Volker L. Deringer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ai Wang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-HPC), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Salustro S, Nöel Y, Zicovich-Wilson CM, Olivero P, Dovesi R. The V + I defects in diamond: An ab initio investigation of the electronic structure, of the Raman and IR spectra, and of their possible recombination. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:184701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Salustro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y. Nöel
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (UMR 7193 UPMC-CNRS), UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - C. M. Zicovich-Wilson
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias-(IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca (MOR), Mexico
| | - P. Olivero
- Dipartimento di Fisica and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R. Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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15
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Orekhov AS, Tuyakova FT, Obraztsova EA, Loginov AB, Chuvilin AL, Obraztsov AN. Structural peculiarities of single crystal diamond needles of nanometer thickness. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:455707. [PMID: 27727156 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/45/455707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diamond is attractive for various applications due to its unique mechanical and optical properties. In particular, single crystal diamond needles with high aspect ratios and sharp apexes of nanometer size are demanded for different types of optical sensors including optically sensing tip probes for scanning microscopy. This paper reports on electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy characterization of the diamond needles having geometrically perfect pyramidal shapes with rectangular atomically flat bases with (001) crystallography orientation, 2-200 nm sharp apexes, and with lengths from about 10-160 μm. The needles were produced by selective oxidation of (001) textured polycrystalline diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition. Here we study the types and distribution of defects inside and on the surface of the single crystal diamond needles. We show that sp3 type point defects are incorporated into the volume of the diamond crystal during growth, while the surface of the lateral facets is enriched by multiple extended defects. Nitrogen addition to the reaction mixture results in increase of the growth rate on {001} facets correlated with the rise in the concentration of sp3 type defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Orekhov
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Joensuu 80101, Finland. A V Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
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17
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Salustro S, Erba A, Zicovich-Wilson CM, Nöel Y, Maschio L, Dovesi R. Infrared and Raman spectroscopic features of the self-interstitial defect in diamond from exact-exchange hybrid DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21288-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Raman and infrared spectroscopic features of the self-interstitial defect in diamond are investigated with ab initio simulations by using a hybrid functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Salustro
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Erba
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Claudio M. Zicovich-Wilson
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias-(IICBA)
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
- 62209 Cuernavaca
- Mexico
| | - Yves Nöel
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (UMR 7193 UPMC-CNRS)
- UPMC
- Sorbonne Université
- Paris
- France
| | - Lorenzo Maschio
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Roberto Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Torino
- IT-10125 Torino
- Italy
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