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Anichina K, Mavrova A, Vuchev D, Popova-Daskalova G, Bassi G, Rossi A, Montesi M, Panseri S, Fratev F, Naydenova E. Benzimidazoles Containing Piperazine Skeleton at C-2 Position as Promising Tubulin Modulators with Anthelmintic and Antineoplastic Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1518. [PMID: 38004384 PMCID: PMC10675210 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs hold promise for repurposing as cancer treatments due to their interference with tubulin polymerization and depolymerization, manifesting anticancer properties. We explored the potential of benzimidazole compounds with a piperazine fragment at C-2 as tubulin-targeting agents. In particular, we assessed their anthelmintic activity against isolated Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae and their effects on glioblastoma (U-87 MG) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Compound 7c demonstrated exceptional anthelmintic efficacy, achieving a 92.7% reduction in parasite activity at 100 μg/mL after 48 hours. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of MDA-MB 231 and U87 MG cell lines showed that derivatives 7b, 7d, and 7c displayed lower IC50 values compared to albendazole (ABZ), the control. These piperazine benzimidazoles effectively reduced cell migration in both cell lines, with compound 7c exhibiting the most significant reduction, making it a promising candidate for further study. The binding mode of the most promising compound 7c, was determined using the induced fit docking-molecular dynamics (IFD-MD) approach. Regular docking and IFD were also employed for comparison. The IFD-MD analysis revealed that 7c binds to tubulin in a unique binding cavity near that of ABZ, but the benzimidazole ring was fitted much deeper into the binding pocket. Finally, the absolute free energy of perturbation technique was applied to evaluate the 7c binding affinity, further confirming the observed binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameliya Anichina
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Anelia Mavrova
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Dimitar Vuchev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.V.); (G.P.-D.)
| | - Galya Popova-Daskalova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.V.); (G.P.-D.)
| | - Giada Bassi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (G.B.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of G. D’Annunzio, Via Luigi Polacchi, 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Rossi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (G.B.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (G.B.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (G.B.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Filip Fratev
- Micar Innovation (Micar 21) Ltd., 34B Persenk Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N Campbell St., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Emilia Naydenova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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2
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Lin J, Wang S, Wen L, Ye H, Shang S, Li J, Shu J, Zhou P. Targeting peptide-mediated interactions in omics. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200175. [PMID: 36461811 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-mediated interactions (PMIs) play a crucial role in cell signaling network, which are responsible for about half of cellular protein-protein associations in the human interactome and have recently been recognized as a new kind of promising druggable target for drug development and disease therapy. In this article, we give a systematic review regarding the proteome-wide discovery of PMIs and targeting druggable PMIs (dPMIs) with chemical drugs, self-inhibitory peptides (SIPs) and protein agents, particularly focusing on their implications and applications for therapeutic purpose in omics. We also introduce computational peptidology strategies used to model, analyze, and design PMI-targeted molecular entities and further extend the concepts of protein context, direct/indirect readout, and enthalpy/entropy effect involved in PMIs. Current issues and future perspective on this topic are discussed. There is still a long way to go before establishment of efficient therapeutic strategies to target PMIs on the omics scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Shaozhou Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wen
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Ye
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyong Shang
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juelin Li
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Shu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
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3
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Xu XT, Shi LY, Ban YJ, Luo BL, Zhu GF, Guo B, Tang L, Sang ZP, Wang JT. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cajanonic acid A analogues as potent PPAR γ antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129081. [PMID: 36414176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) antagonists are a key instrument of insulin sensitizers since they have the ability to sensitize insulin and can avoid adverse reactions caused by receptor agonist. In this paper, two series of 28 novel Cajanonic acid A (CAA) derivatives were designed and synthesized. The biological activity showed that a novel CAA derivative 9f was identified as a potential PPAR γ antagonist by medicinal chemistry efforts. The results in vitro displayed that compound 9f could improve the PPAR γ antagonist activity (96.2 % / 50.2 % decrease in PPAR γ transactivation at 10 μM / 1 μM, respectively). It also could improve the glucose consumption activity of insulin-resistant HepG2/3T3-L1 cell line (33.27 % / 72.61 % increase in glucose consumption). And in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, it showed anti-adipogenesis activity (7.04 % increase in oil red staining). Further, in vivo study suggested that compound 9f could improve the oral glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Taken together, derivative 9f served as a promising candidate for anti-diabetic drug discovery and deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical Univeristy, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yu-Juan Ban
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical Univeristy, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Bi-Lan Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical Univeristy, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical Univeristy, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical Univeristy, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zhi-Pei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical Univeristy, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jian-Ta Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical Univeristy, Guiyang 550004, China.
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4
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Wei F, Cheng H, Sang N. Comprehensive assessment of estrogenic activities of parabens by in silico approach and in vitro assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157194. [PMID: 35810903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment and humans due to their wide applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Although the estrogenic activity of some parabens has been confirmed, the underlying mechanisms and the structure-estrogenic activity relationship are still largely unclear. Here, we systematically used in silico and in vitro approaches to investigate the estrogenic potency of typical parabens, including methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, iso-propyl-, butyl-, iso-butyl- and benzyl-paraben. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations were combined to investigate the atomic-level mechanism of paraben binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). Computational analysis showed that ER were the targets of tested parabens and kept a stable agonist conformation. The calculated total binding free energies suggested that van der Waals interactions were the major driving forces for paraben-ER interaction and correlated with the structure of paraben side chains. In in vitro assays, paraben with an aromatic side chain, benzyl-paraben, showed the strongest estrogenic activity at 0.01 μM and the EC50 at 0.796 ± 0.307 μM, on par with levels commonly detected in human organs. Among tested parabens with an alkyl side chain, the estrogenicity increased as the side chain length increased from 1 to 4, but no significant difference appeared between parabens with isomeric alkyl side chains (propyl- vs isopropyl and butyl- vs iso-butylparaben). The estrogenic activity of parabens was significantly related to the calculated binding energies (R2 = 0.94, p = 0.0012), depending on the side chains of parabens. Our findings provide a significant mechanism for parabens to disrupt estrogenic function and considerations for structural optimization from the perspective of environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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5
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Chen Q, Zhou C, Shi W, Wang X, Xia P, Song M, Liu J, Zhu H, Zhang X, Wei S, Yu H. Mechanistic in silico modeling of bisphenols to predict estrogen and glucocorticoid disrupting potentials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138854. [PMID: 32570315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can act as agonists, antagonists or mixed agonists/antagonists toward estrogen receptor α (ERα) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. However, the activation/inhibition mechanism by which structurally different chemicals induce various types of disruption remain ambiguous. This unrevealed theory limited the in silico modeling of EDCs and the prioritization of potential EDCs for experimental testing. As a kind of chemical widely used in manufacture, bisphenols (BPs) have attracted great attentions on their potential endocrine disrupting effects. BPs used in this study exhibited pure agonistic, pure antagonistic or mixed agonistic/antagonistic activities toward ERα and/or GR. According to the mechanistic modeling, the pure agonistic and pure antagonistic activities were attributed to a single type of protein conformation induced by BPs-ERα and/or BPs-GR interactions, whereas the mixed agonistic/antagonistic activities were attributed to multiple conformations that concomitantly exist. After interacting with BPs, the active conformation recruits coactivator to induce agonistic activity and the blocked conformation inhibits coactivator to induce antagonistic activity, whereas the concomitantly-existing multiple conformations (active, blocked and competing conformations) recruit coactivator, recruit corepressor and/or inhibit coactivator to dually induce the agonistic and antagonistic activities. Therefore, the in silico modeling in this study can not only predict ERα and GR disrupting activities but also, especially, identify the potential mechanisms. This mechanistic study breaks the current bottleneck of computational toxicology and can be widely used to prioritize potential estrogen/glucocorticoid disruptor for experimental testing in both pre-clinic and clinic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhuo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyong Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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6
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Qiu Z, Qu K, Luan F, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Yuan Y, Li H, Zhang H, Hai Y, Zhao C. Binding specificities of estrogen receptor with perfluorinated compounds: A cross species comparison. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105284. [PMID: 31707300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were reported to result in the endocrine disruption by activating the estrogen receptor (ER) and inducing ER-mediated transcriptions. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present work was to perform cross-species comparisons on the characteristics of eight PFCs binding to humans ERα and to rats ERα. METHODS In the present work, in vivo tests, including serum estradiol level assay and immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence assay and molecular models were applied. RESULTS Based on the in vivo experiments, the exposure of PFOA and PFOS to female rats was proved to increase the ERα expression in the terus, suggesting that PFCs may act as estrogenic compounds to activate ERα in vivo. The further fluorescence assay presented that these eight PFCs have stronger binding abilities to human ERα than to rat ERα. In addition, the differences in binding specificities between human ERα and rat ERα were identified in the process of molecular dynamics modeling with the term of helix position and the ability of coregulator recruitment. It can be found that more and stronger charge clamps could form between PFCs with human ERα than with rat ERα. Also, the eight PFCs presented lower binding energies in human ERα systems, which proved that eight PFCs presented much stronger binding abilities with human ERα. DISCUSSION In all, it can be concluded that PFCs might be more sensitive to human ERα than to that of rats, which also suggested the greater susceptibility to adverse effects on humans. The present work was a beginning assessment of a cross-species comparison, providing important information on health impacts of PFCs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaili Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Luan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yaquan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongna Yuan
- School of Information Science & Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ying Hai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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7
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Ammazzalorso A, Maccallini C, Amoia P, Amoroso R. Multitarget PPARγ agonists as innovative modulators of the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:261-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Brust R, Shang J, Fuhrmann J, Mosure SA, Bass J, Cano A, Heidari Z, Chrisman IM, Nemetchek MD, Blayo AL, Griffin PR, Kamenecka TM, Hughes TS, Kojetin DJ. A structural mechanism for directing corepressor-selective inverse agonism of PPARγ. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4687. [PMID: 30409975 PMCID: PMC6224492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small chemical modifications can have significant effects on ligand efficacy and receptor activity, but the underlying structural mechanisms can be difficult to predict from static crystal structures alone. Here we show how a simple phenyl-to-pyridyl substitution between two common covalent orthosteric ligands targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma converts a transcriptionally neutral antagonist (GW9662) into a repressive inverse agonist (T0070907) relative to basal cellular activity. X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis coupled to activity assays reveal a water-mediated hydrogen bond network linking the T0070907 pyridyl group to Arg288 that is essential for corepressor-selective inverse agonism. NMR spectroscopy reveals that PPARγ exchanges between two long-lived conformations when bound to T0070907 but not GW9662, including a conformation that prepopulates a corepressor-bound state, priming PPARγ for high affinity corepressor binding. Our findings demonstrate that ligand engagement of Arg288 may provide routes for developing corepressor-selective repressive PPARγ ligands. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a target for insulin sensitizing drugs. Here the authors combine NMR, X-ray crystallography and MD simulations and report a structural mechanism for eliciting PPARγ inverse agonism, where coactivator binding is inhibited and corepressor binding promoted, which causes PPARγ repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brust
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jinsai Shang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jakob Fuhrmann
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sarah A Mosure
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jared Bass
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Andrew Cano
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,High School Student Summer Internship Program, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MO, 59812, USA.,Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Ian M Chrisman
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.,Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Michelle D Nemetchek
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.,Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Blayo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Travis S Hughes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MO, 59812, USA.,Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.,Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Douglas J Kojetin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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9
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Fratev F, Steinbrecher T, Jónsdóttir SÓ. Prediction of Accurate Binding Modes Using Combination of Classical and Accelerated Molecular Dynamics and Free-Energy Perturbation Calculations: An Application to Toxicity Studies. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4357-4371. [PMID: 31458661 PMCID: PMC6641415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Estimating the correct binding modes of ligands in protein-ligand complexes is crucial not only in the drug discovery process but also for elucidating potential toxicity mechanisms. In the current paper, we propose a computational modeling workflow using the combination of docking, classical molecular dynamics (cMD), accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) and free-energy perturbation (FEP+ protocol) for identification of possible ligand binding modes. It was applied for investigation of selected perfluorocarboxyl acids (PFCAs) in the PPARγ nuclear receptor. Although both regular and induced fit docking failed to reproduce the experimentally determined binding mode of the ligands when docked into a non-native X-ray structure, cMD and aMD simulations successfully identified the most probable binding conformations. Moreover, multiple binding modes were identified for all of these compounds and the shorter-chain PFCAs continuously moved between a few energetically favorable binding conformations. On the basis of MD predictions of binding conformations, we applied the default and also redesigned FEP+ sampling protocols, which accurately reproduced experimental differences in the binding energies. Thus, the preliminary MD simulations can also provide helpful information about correct setup of the FEP+ calculations. These results show that the PFCA binding modes were accurately predicted and that the FEP+ protocol can be used to estimate free energies of binding of flexible ligands that are not typical druglike compounds. Our in silico workflow revealed the specific ligand-residue interactions within the ligand binding domain and the main characteristics of the PFCAs, and it was concluded that these compounds are week PPARγ partial agonists. This work also suggests a common pipeline for identification of ligand binding modes, ligand-protein dynamics description, and relative free-energy calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Fratev
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N Campbell Street, El Paso, Texas 79902, United
States
- Micar21
Ltd., Persenk 34B, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Steinbrecher
- Schrödinger
GmbH, Dynamostrasse 13, 68165 Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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10
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Routti H, Lille-Langøy R, Berg MK, Fink T, Harju M, Kristiansen K, Rostkowski P, Rusten M, Sylte I, Øygarden L, Goksøyr A. Environmental Chemicals Modulate Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) and Adipogenesis in Vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10708-10720. [PMID: 27602593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied interactions between polar bear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pbPPARG) and selected compounds using a luciferase reporter assay and predictions through molecular docking. Furthermore, we studied adipogenesis by liver and adipose tissue extracts from a polar bear and three synthetic mixtures of contaminants in murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and polar bear adipose tissue-derived stem cells (pbASCs). PCB153 and p,p'-DDE antagonized pbPPARG, although their predicted receptor-ligand affinity was weak. PBDEs, tetrabromobisphenol A, and PCB170 had a weak agonistic effect on pbPPARG, while hexabromocyclododecane, bisphenol A, oxychlordane, and endosulfan were weak antagonists. pbPPARG-mediated luciferase activity was suppressed by synthetic contaminant mixtures reflecting levels measured in polar bear adipose tissue, as were transcript levels of PPARG and the PPARG target gene fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in pbASCs. Contaminant extracts from polar bear tissues enhanced triglyceride accumulation in murine 3T3-L1 cells and pbASCs, whereas triglyceride accumulation was not affected by the synthetic mixtures. Chemical characterization of extracts using nontarget methods revealed presence of exogenous compounds that have previously been reported to induce adipogenesis. These compounds included phthalates, tonalide, and nonylphenol. In conclusion, major legacy contaminants in polar bear adipose tissue exert antagonistic effects on PPARG, but adipogenesis by a mixture containing emerging compounds may be enhanced through PPARG or other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute , Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Mari K Berg
- Norwegian Polar Institute , Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen , 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Trine Fink
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University , 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikael Harju
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre , 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kurt Kristiansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Marte Rusten
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen , 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lene Øygarden
- Norwegian Polar Institute , Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen , 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen , 5020 Bergen, Norway
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11
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Fratev F. PPARγ non-covalent antagonists exhibit mutable binding modes with a similar free energy of binding: a case study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:476-485. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1151830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Fratev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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