1
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Pfaff S, Larsson A, Orlov D, Rämisch L, Gericke SM, Lundgren E, Zetterberg J. A Polycrystalline Pd Surface Studied by Two-Dimensional Surface Optical Reflectance during CO Oxidation: Bridging the Materials Gap. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:444-453. [PMID: 38109219 PMCID: PMC10788831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Industrial catalysts are complex materials systems operating in harsh environments. The active parts of the catalysts are nanoparticles that expose different facets with different surface orientations at which the catalytic reactions occur. However, these facets are close to impossible to study in detail under industrially relevant operating conditions. Instead, simpler model systems, such as single crystals with a well-defined surface orientation, have been successfully used to study gas-surface interactions such as adsorption and desorption, surface oxidation, and oxidation/reduction reactions. To more closely mimic the many facets exhibited by nanoparticles and thereby close the so-called materials gap, there has also been a recent move toward using polycrystalline surfaces and curved crystals. However, these studies are limited either by the pressure or spatial resolution at realistic pressures or by the number of surfaces studied simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate the use of reflectance microscopy to study a vast number of catalytically active surfaces simultaneously under realistic and identical reaction conditions. As a proof of concept, we have conducted an operando experiment to study CO oxidation over a Pd polycrystal, where the polycrystalline surface acts as a collection of many single-crystal surfaces. Finally, we visualized the resulting data by plotting the reflectivity as a function of surface orientation. We think the techniques and visualization methods introduced in this work will be key toward bridging the materials gap in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pfaff
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Alfred Larsson
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dmytro Orlov
- Division
of Mechanics, Materials and Component Design, Lund University, Ole
Römers väg 1, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rämisch
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabrina M. Gericke
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund
University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Exothermic reactions on the heterogeneous catalysts: Features of research and implementation. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Carnis J, Kshirsagar AR, Wu L, Dupraz M, Labat S, Texier M, Favre L, Gao L, Oropeza FE, Gazit N, Almog E, Campos A, Micha JS, Hensen EJM, Leake SJ, Schülli TU, Rabkin E, Thomas O, Poloni R, Hofmann JP, Richard MI. Twin boundary migration in an individual platinum nanocrystal during catalytic CO oxidation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5385. [PMID: 34508094 PMCID: PMC8433154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At the nanoscale, elastic strain and crystal defects largely influence the properties and functionalities of materials. The ability to predict the structural evolution of catalytic nanocrystals during the reaction is of primary importance for catalyst design. However, to date, imaging and characterising the structure of defects inside a nanocrystal in three-dimensions and in situ during reaction has remained a challenge. We report here an unusual twin boundary migration process in a single platinum nanoparticle during CO oxidation using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging as the characterisation tool. Density functional theory calculations show that twin migration can be correlated with the relative change in the interfacial energies of the free surfaces exposed to CO. The x-ray technique also reveals particle reshaping during the reaction. In situ and non-invasive structural characterisation of defects during reaction opens new avenues for understanding defect behaviour in confined crystals and paves the way for strain and defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Carnis
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France ,grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Present Address: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aseem Rajan Kshirsagar
- grid.5676.20000000417654326Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Longfei Wu
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Dupraz
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Labat
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Michaël Texier
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Favre
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Lu Gao
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy E. Oropeza
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nimrod Gazit
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ehud Almog
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrea Campos
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM (FR1739), CP2M, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Micha
- CRG-IF BM32 beamline at the European Synchrotron (ESRF), CS40220, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J. Leake
- grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Tobias U. Schülli
- grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Eugen Rabkin
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Olivier Thomas
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Roberta Poloni
- grid.5676.20000000417654326Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.6546.10000 0001 0940 1669Present Address: Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France ,grid.457348.9Present Address: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, Grenoble, France
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4
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Hejral U, Shipilin M, Gustafson J, Stierle A, Lundgren E. High energy surface x-ray diffraction applied to model catalyst surfaces at work. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:073001. [PMID: 33690191 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb17c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are materials that accelerate the rate of a desired chemical reaction. As such, they constitute an integral part in many applications ranging from the production of fine chemicals in chemical industry to exhaust gas treatment in vehicles. Accordingly, it is of utmost economic interest to improve catalyst efficiency and performance, which requires an understanding of the interplay between the catalyst structure, the gas phase and the catalytic activity under realistic reaction conditions at ambient pressures and elevated temperatures. In recent years efforts have been made to increasingly develop techniques that allow for investigating model catalyst samples under conditions closer to those of real technical catalysts. One of these techniques is high energy surface x-ray diffraction (HESXRD), which uses x-rays with photon energies typically in the range of 70-80 keV. HESXRD allows a fast data collection of three dimensional reciprocal space for the structure determination of model catalyst samples under operando conditions and has since been used for the investigation of an increasing number of different model catalysts. In this article we will review general considerations of HESXRD including its working principle for different model catalyst samples and the experimental equipment required. An overview over HESXRD investigations performed in recent years will be given, and the advantages of HESXRD with respect to its application to different model catalyst samples will be presented. Moreover, the combination of HESXRD with other operando techniques such as in situ mass spectrometry, planar laser-induced fluorescence and surface optical reflectance will be discussed. The article will close with an outlook on future perspectives and applications of HESXRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Hejral
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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5
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Grånäs E, Arndt B, Seitz C, Wagstaffe M, Stierle A. Atomic scale step structure and orientation of a curved surface ZnO single crystal. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074705. [PMID: 32087665 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the surface structure of a curved ZnO-crystal, going from the (0001)-facet at 0° miscut to the (101¯4)-facet at a miscut of 24.8° using scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction. We find that the surface separates locally into (0001)-terraces and (101¯4)-facets, where the ratio between the facets depends on the miscut angle. In X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) the intensity of an O 1s component scaling with the step density of the surface is observed. No other facets were observed and the surface maintains a high degree of order over all angles. Such a curved ZnO crystal can be used for systematic studies relating the step density to the chemical reactivity using XPS to probe the curved surface at different positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Grånäs
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Arndt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Seitz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Schiller F, Ilyn M, Pérez-Dieste V, Escudero C, Huck-Iriart C, Ruiz del Arbol N, Hagman B, Merte LR, Bertram F, Shipilin M, Blomberg S, Gustafson J, Lundgren E, Ortega JE. Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on a Curved Pd Crystal: Spatial Variation of Active and Poisoning Phases in Stationary Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16245-16252. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Schiller
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Max Ilyn
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Dieste
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristián Huck-Iriart
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Blomberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Edvin Lundgren
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - J. Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
- Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
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7
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Blomberg S, Zetterberg J, Gustafson J, Zhou J, Shipilin M, Pfaff S, Hejral U, Carlsson PA, Gutowski O, Bertram F, Lundgren E. Combining synchrotron light with laser technology in catalysis research. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1389-1394. [PMID: 30179177 PMCID: PMC6140392 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518010597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-energy surface X-ray diffraction (HESXRD) provides surface structural information with high temporal resolution, facilitating the understanding of the surface dynamics and structure of the active phase of catalytic surfaces. The surface structure detected during the reaction is sensitive to the composition of the gas phase close to the catalyst surface, and the catalytic activity of the sample itself may affect the surface structure, which in turn may complicate the assignment of the active phase. For this reason, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and HESXRD have been combined during the oxidation of CO over a Pd(100) crystal. PLIF complements the structural studies with an instantaneous two-dimensional image of the CO2 gas phase in the vicinity of the active model catalyst. Here the combined HESXRD and PLIF operando measurements of CO oxidation over Pd(100) are presented, allowing for an improved assignment of the correlation between sample structure and the CO2 distribution above the sample surface with sub-second time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blomberg
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Pfaff
- Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Uta Hejral
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Carlsson
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
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8
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Gustafson J, Balmes O, Zhang C, Shipilin M, Schaefer A, Hagman B, Merte LR, Martin NM, Carlsson PA, Jankowski M, Crumlin EJ, Lundgren E. The Role of Oxides in Catalytic CO Oxidation over Rhodium and Palladium. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gustafson
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivier Balmes
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chu Zhang
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Hagman
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lindsay R. Merte
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Natalia M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maciej Jankowski
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS40220, 38043 CEDEX 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Ethan J. Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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9
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Lundgren E, Zhang C, Merte LR, Shipilin M, Blomberg S, Hejral U, Zhou J, Zetterberg J, Gustafson J. Novel in Situ Techniques for Studies of Model Catalysts. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2326-2333. [PMID: 28880530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Motivated mainly by catalysis, gas-surface interaction between single crystal surfaces and molecules has been studied for decades. Most of these studies have been performed in well-controlled environments and have been instrumental for the present day understanding of catalysis, providing information on surface structures, adsorption sites, and adsorption and desorption energies relevant for catalysis. However, the approach has been criticized for being too far from a catalyst operating under industrial conditions at high temperatures and pressures. To this end, a significant amount of effort over the years has been used to develop methods to investigate catalysts at more realistic conditions under operating conditions. One result from this effort is a vivid and sometimes heated discussion concerning the active phase for the seemingly simple CO oxidation reaction over the Pt-group metals in the literature. In recent years, we have explored the possibilities to perform experiments at conditions closer to those of a technical catalyst, in particular at increased pressures and temperatures. In this contribution, results from catalytic CO oxidation over a Pd(100) single crystal surface using Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photo emission Spectroscopy (NAPXPS), Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), and High Energy Surface X-ray Diffraction (HESXRD) are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental techniques are discussed. Armed with structural knowledge from ultrahigh vacuum experiments, the presence of adsorbed molecules and gas-phase induced surface structures can be identified and related to changes in the reactivity or to reaction induced gas-flow limitations. In particular, the application of PLIF to catalysis allows one to visualize how the catalyst itself changes the gas composition close to the model catalyst surface upon ignition, and relate this to the observed surface structures. The effect obscures a straightforward relation between the active phase and the activity, since in the case of CO oxidation, the gas-phase close to the model catalyst surface is shown to be significantly more oxidizing than far away from the catalyst. We show that surface structural knowledge from UHV experiments and the composition of the gas phase close to the catalyst surface are crucial to understand structure-function relationships at semirealistic conditions. In the particular case of Pd, we argue that the surface structure of the PdO(101) has a significant influence on the activity, due to the presence of Coordinatively Unsaturated Sites (CUS) Pd atoms, similar to undercoordinated Ru and Ir atoms found for RuO2(110) and IrO2(110), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Chu Zhang
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Lindsay R. Merte
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Sara Blomberg
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Uta Hejral
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund S-221 00, Sweden
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10
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van Spronsen MA, Frenken JWM, Groot IMN. Surface science under reaction conditions: CO oxidation on Pt and Pd model catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4347-4374. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Application of surface-science techniques, such as XPS, SXRD, STM, and IR spectroscopy under catalytic reactions conditions yield new structural and chemical information. Recent experiments focusing on CO oxidation over Pt and Pd model catalysts were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joost W. M. Frenken
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography
- 1090 BA Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Irene M. N. Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
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11
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Blomberg S, Zetterberg J, Zhou J, Merte LR, Gustafson J, Shipilin M, Trinchero A, Miccio LA, Magaña A, Ilyn M, Schiller F, Ortega JE, Bertram F, Grönbeck H, Lundgren E. Strain Dependent Light-off Temperature in Catalysis Revealed by Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blomberg
- Synchrotron
Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Zetterberg
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Combustion
Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lindsay R. Merte
- Synchrotron
Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Synchrotron
Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Synchrotron
Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Adriana Trinchero
- Competence
Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luis A. Miccio
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Magaña
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maxim Ilyn
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - J. Enrique Ortega
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Competence
Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Synchrotron
Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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12
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Blomberg S, Zhou J, Gustafson J, Zetterberg J, Lundgren E. 2D and 3D imaging of the gas phase close to an operating model catalyst by planar laser induced fluorescence. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:453002. [PMID: 27619414 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/45/453002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, efforts have been made in catalysis related surface science studies to explore the possibilities to perform experiments at conditions closer to those of a technical catalyst, in particular at increased pressures. Techniques such as high pressure scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy (HPSTM/AFM), near ambient pressure x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (NAPXPS), surface x-ray diffraction (SXRD) and polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) at semi-realistic conditions have been used to study the surface structure of model catalysts under reaction conditions, combined with simultaneous mass spectrometry (MS). These studies have provided an increased understanding of the surface dynamics and the structure of the active phase of surfaces and nano particles as a reaction occurs, providing novel information on the structure/activity relationship. However, the surface structure detected during the reaction is sensitive to the composition of the gas phase close to the catalyst surface. Therefore, the catalytic activity of the sample itself will act as a gas-source or gas-sink, and will affect the surface structure, which in turn may complicate the assignment of the active phase. For this reason, we have applied planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) to the gas phase in the vicinity of an active model catalysts. Our measurements demonstrate that the gas composition differs significantly close to the catalyst and at the position of the MS, which indeed should have a profound effect on the surface structure. However, PLIF applied to catalytic reactions presents several beneficial properties in addition to investigate the effect of the catalyst on the effective gas composition close to the model catalyst. The high spatial and temporal resolution of PLIF provides a unique tool to visualize the on-set of catalytic reactions and to compare different model catalysts in the same reactive environment. The technique can be applied to a large number of molecules thanks to the technical development of lasers and detectors over the last decades, and is a complementary and visual alternative to traditional MS to be used in environments difficult to asses with MS. In this article we will review general considerations when performing PLIF experiments, our experimental set-up for PLIF and discuss relevant examples of PLIF applied to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blomberg
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00, Sweden
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