1
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Dam D, Lagerweij NR, Janmaat KM, Kok K, Bouwman E, Codée JDC. Organic Dye-Sensitized Nitrene Generation: Intermolecular Aziridination of Unactivated Alkenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3251-3258. [PMID: 38358354 PMCID: PMC10913034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aziridines are important structural motifs and intermediates, and several synthetic strategies for the direct aziridination of alkenes have been introduced. However, many of these strategies require an excess of activated alkene, suffer from competing side-reactions, have limited functional group tolerance, or involve precious transition metal-based catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the direct aziridination of alkenes by combining sulfonyl azides as a triplet nitrene source with a catalytic amount of an organic dye functioning as photosensitizer. We show how the nature of the sulfonyl azide, in combination with the triplet-excited state energy of the photosensitizer, affects the aziridination yield and provide a mechanistic rationale to account for the observed dependence of the reaction yield on the nature of the organic dye and sulfonyl azide reagents. The optimized reaction conditions enable the aziridination of structurally diverse and complex alkenes, carrying various functional groups, with the alkene as the limiting reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Dam
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan R. Lagerweij
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina M. Janmaat
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Kok
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bouwman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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2
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Baris N, Dračínský M, Tarábek J, Filgas J, Slavíček P, Ludvíková L, Boháčová S, Slanina T, Klepetářová B, Beier P. Photocatalytic Generation of Trifluoromethyl Nitrene for Alkene Aziridination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315162. [PMID: 38081132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
N-Trifluoromethylated organics may be applied in drug design, agrochemical synthesis, and materials science, among other areas. Yet, despite recent advances in the synthesis of aliphatic, cyclic and heterocyclic N-trifluoromethyl compounds, no strategy based on trifluoromethyl nitrene has hitherto been explored. Here we describe the formation of triplet trifluoromethyl nitrene from azidotrifluoromethane, a stable and safe-to-use precursor, by visible light photocatalysis. The addition of CF3 N to alkenes via biradical intermediates afforded previously unknown aziridines substituted with trifluoromethyl group on the nitrogen atom. The obtained aziridines were converted into either N-trifluoromethylimidazolines, via formal [3+2] cycloaddition with nitriles, mediated by a Lewis acid, or into N-trifluoromethylaldimines, via ring opening and aryl group migration mediated by a strong Brønsted acid. Our findings open new opportunities for the development of novel classes of N-CF3 compounds with possible applications in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Baris
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Filgas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ludvíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Boháčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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3
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Wu Z, Zeng X. Curtius-Type Rearrangement of Sulfinyl Azides: A Matrix Isolation and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4367-4375. [PMID: 35771242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The highly unstable methyl sulfinyl azide, CH3S(O)N3, has been synthesized and characterized for the first time. In the gas phase, CH3S(O)N3 decomposes quickly at room temperature (300 K) with an estimated half-life (t1/2) of 7 min. Upon irradiation at 266 nm in cryogenic Ar (10 K) and Ne (3 K) matrices, the azide extrudes molecular nitrogen by yielding the novel sulfinyl nitrene intermediate CH3S(O)N in the closed-shell singlet ground state, which has been characterized with matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. Prolonged irradiation at 266 nm causes Curtius rearrangement of the nitrene to form N-sulfinylamine CH3NSO and S-nitrosothiol CH3SNO. By high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) at 800 K, CH3S(O)N3 also decomposes and furnishes CH3S(O)N with minor fragmentation products HNSO and CH2 in the gas phase. A similar photo-induced Curtius-type rearrangement of trifluoromethyl sulfinyl azide CF3S(O)N3 to CF3NSO and CF3SNO has also been observed in matrices. According to the theoretical calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G (3df,3pd) level of theory, the rearrangement of CH3S(O)N3 prefers a stepwise pathway by initial formation of the nitrene intermediate CH3S(O)N. In line with the thermal persistence of CH3S(O)N in the gas phase, the barriers for its subsequent rearrangement are higher than 30 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
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4
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Zelenka J, Pereverzev A, Jahn U, Roithová J. Sulfonyl Nitrene and Amidyl Radical: Structure and Reactivity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104493. [PMID: 35266598 PMCID: PMC9323475 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic generation of nitrenes and radicals can be used to tune or even control their reactivity. Photocatalytic activation of sulfonyl azides leads to the elimination of N2 and the resulting reactive species initiate C−H activations and amide formation reactions. Here, we present reactive radicals that are generated from sulfonyl azides: sulfonyl nitrene radical anion, sulfonyl nitrene and sulfonyl amidyl radical, and test their gas phase reactivity in C−H activation reactions. The sulfonyl nitrene radical anion is the least reactive and its reactivity is governed by the proton coupled electron transfer mechanism. In contrast, sulfonyl nitrene and sulfonyl amidyl radicals react via hydrogen atom transfer pathways. These reactivities and detailed characterization of the radicals with vibrational spectroscopy and with DFT calculations provide information necessary for taking control over the reactivity of these intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zelenka
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Pereverzev
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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5
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Pandiyarajan CK, Genzer J. UV- and Thermally-Active Bifunctional Gelators Create Surface-Anchored Polymer Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100266. [PMID: 34173291 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A versatile one-step synthesis of surface-attached polymer networks using small bifunctional gelators (SBG), namely 4-azidosulfonylphenethyltrimethoxysilane (4-ASPTMS) and 6-azidosulfonylhexyltriethoxysilane (6-ASHTES) is reported. A thin layer (≈200 nm) of a mixture comprising ≈90% precursor polymer and 10% of 4-ASPTMS or 10% 6-ASHTES on a silicon wafer is deposited. Upon UV irradiation (≈l-254 nm) or annealing (>100 °C) layers, sulfonyl azides (SAz) release nitrogen by forming singlet and triplet nitrenes that concurrently react with any C─H bond in the vicinity resulting in sulfonamide crosslinks. Condensation among tri-alkoxy groups (i.e., methoxy or ethoxy) in bulk connects the SBG units, which completes the crosslinking. Concurrently, when such functionalities react with hydroxyl groups at the surface, which enable the covalent attachment of the crosslinked polymer chains. A systematic investigation on reaction mechanism and gel formation using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (FTIR-ATR) is performed. Analogous thermally initiated gelation for both 4-ASPTMS and 6-ASHTES is found. The 6-ASHTES is UV inactive at ≈l-254 nm, while the 4-ASPTMS is active and forms gels. The difference is attributed to the aromatic nature of 4-ASPTMS that absorb UV light at ≈l-254 nm due to π-π* transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Genzer
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0808, Japan
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6
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Bikas R, Ajormal F, Noshiranzadeh N, Emami M, Kozakiewicz A. 1D Azido bridged Cu(II) coordination polymer with 1,3‐oxazolidine ligand as an effective catalyst for green click synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Bikas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin 34148‐96818 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ajormal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Zanjan Zanjan 45371‐38791 Iran
| | - Nader Noshiranzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Zanjan Zanjan 45371‐38791 Iran
| | - Marzieh Emami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Zanjan Zanjan 45371‐38791 Iran
| | - Anna Kozakiewicz
- Department of Biomedical and Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Torun 87‐100 Poland
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7
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Yang Y, Deng G, Lu Y, Liu Q, Abe M, Zeng X. Photodecomposition of Thienylsulfonyl Azides: Generation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Triplet Thienylsulfonyl Nitrenes and 3-Thienylnitrene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9311-9320. [PMID: 31593628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of 2-thienylsulfonyl azide (1) and 3-thienylsulfonyl azide (6) has been disclosed by combining matrix-isolation spectroscopy with quantum chemical calculations. Two novel heteroaryl sulfonyl nitrenes, 2-thienylsulfonyl nitrene (2) and 3-thienylsulfonyl nitrene (7), have been generated during the 266 nm laser photolysis of 1 and 6, respectively. Both nitrenes in the triplet ground state have been characterized with matrix-isolation IR (15N-labeling) in solid Ar (10.0 K), N2 (10.0 K), and Ne (2.8 K) matrixes and EPR spectroscopy (2, |D/hc| = 1.452 cm-1 and |E/hc| = 0.0058 cm-1; 7, |D/hc| = 1.492 cm-1 and |E/hc| = 0.0060 cm-1) in solid toluene at 5.0 K. Upon subsequent UV-light irradiation (365 nm), no Curtius rearrangement but decomposition of 2 occurs by SO2-elimination and the concurrent formation of ring-opening product (s-Z)-4-thioxo-2-butenenitrile (3) via the intermediacy of the putative 2-thienylnitrene (4). In contrast, violet-light irradiation (400 ± 20 nm) of 7 causes SO2-elimination to yield triplet 3-thienylnitrene (8), for which the IR spectroscopic identification is supported by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. 3-Thienylnitrene is highly reactive, since it not only combines with SO2 to furnish 3-thienyl-N-sulfonylamine (9) but also undergoes ring-opening to (s-E)-4-thioxo-2-butenenitrile (10) under the UV-light irradiation (365 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Guohai Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yan Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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8
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Chloro- and Dichloro-methylsulfonyl Nitrenes: Spectroscopic Characterization, Photoisomerization, and Thermal Decomposition. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123312. [PMID: 30551679 PMCID: PMC6321523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloro- and dichloro-methylsulfonyl nitrenes, CH₂ClS(O)₂N and CHCl₂S(O)₂N, have been generated from UV laser photolysis (193 and 266 nm) of the corresponding sulfonyl azides CH₂ClS(O)₂N₃ and CHCl₂S(O)₂N₃, respectively. Both nitrenes have been characterized with matrix-isolation IR and EPR spectroscopy in solid N₂ (10 K) and glassy toluene (5 K) matrices. Triplet ground-state multiplicity of CH₂ClS(O)₂N (|D/hc| = 1.57 cm-1 and |E/hc| = 0.0026 cm-1) and CHCl₂S(O)₂N (|D/hc| = 1.56 cm-1 and |E/hc| = 0.0042 cm-1) has been confirmed. In addition, dichloromethylnitrene CHCl₂N (|D/hc| = 1.57 cm-1 and |E/hc| = 0 cm-1), formed from SO₂-elimination in CHCl₂S(O)₂N, has also been identified for the first time. Upon UV light irradiation (365 nm), the two sulfonyl nitrenes R⁻S(O)₂N (R = CH₂Cl and CHCl₂) undergo concomitant 1,2-R shift to N-sulfonlyamines R⁻NSO₂ and 1,2-oxygen shift to S-nitroso compounds R⁻S(O)NO, respectively. The identification of these new species with IR spectroscopy is supported by 15N labeling experiments and quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. In contrast, the thermally-generated sulfonyl nitrenes CH₂ClS(O)₂N (600 K) and CHCl₂S(O)₂N (700 K) dissociate completely in the gas phase, and in both cases, HCN, SO₂, HCl, HNSO, and CO form. Additionally, ClCN, OCCl₂, HNSO₂, •NSO₂, and the atmospherically relevant radical •CHCl₂ are also identified among the fragmentation products of CHCl₂S(O)₂N. The underlying mechanisms for the rearrangement and decomposition of CH₂ClS(O)₂N and CHCl₂S(O)₂N are discussed based on the experimentally-observed products and the calculated potential energy profile.
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9
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An ab initio CBS-QB3 quantum chemical study of singlet and triplet sulfonylnitrenes insertion into acetylenes and nitriles. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Dong X, Deng G, Xu J, Li H, Zeng X. Decomposition of Sulfonyl Azide Isocyanate and Sulfonyl Diazide: The Oxygen-Shifted Curtius Rearrangement via Sulfonyl Nitrenes. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8511-8519. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Guohai Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
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11
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Kundu A, Verma PK, Cho M. Effect of Osmolytes on the Conformational Behavior of a Macromolecule in a Cytoplasm-like Crowded Environment: A Femtosecond Mid-IR Pump-Probe Spectroscopy Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:724-731. [PMID: 29365266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Osmolytes found endogenously in almost all living beings play an important role in regulating cell volume under harsh environment. Here, to address the longstanding questions about the underlying mechanism of osmolyte effects, we use femtosecond mid-IR pump-probe spectroscopy with two different IR probes that are the OD stretching mode of HDO and the azido stretching mode of azido-derivatized poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME). Our experimental results show that protecting osmolytes bind strongly with water molecules and dehydrate polymer surface, which results in promoting intramolecular interactions of the polymer. By contrast, urea behaves like water molecules without significantly disrupting water H-bonding network and favors extended and random-coil segments of the polymer chain by directly participating in solvation of the polymer. Our findings highlight the importance of direct interaction between urea and macromolecule, while protecting osmolytes indirectly affect the macromolecule through enhancing the water-osmolyte interaction in a crowded environment, which is the case that is often encountered in real biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Kundu
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Pramod Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lu Y, Li H, Abe M, Bégué D, Wan H, Deng G, Xu J, Liu K, Zeng X. Sulfamoyl nitrenes: singlet or triplet ground state? Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6136-6139. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two prototypical sulfamoyl nitrenes R2NS(O)2–N (R = H and Me) in the triplet state were generated via the closed-shell singlet state by passing a low-energy minimum energy crossing point (MECP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Hongmin Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Didier Bégué
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement et les Matériaux
- Universitéde Pau et des Pays de l’Adour
- Pau 64000
- France
| | - Huabin Wan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Guohai Deng
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
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13
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Ultrafast 25-fs relaxation in highly excited states of methyl azide mediated by strong nonadiabatic coupling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11072-E11081. [PMID: 29109279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712566114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly excited electronic states are challenging to explore experimentally and theoretically-due to the large density of states and the fact that small structural changes lead to large changes in electronic character with associated strong nonadiabatic dynamics. They can play a key role in astrophysical and ionospheric chemistry, as well as the detonation chemistry of high-energy density materials. Here, we implement ultrafast vacuum-UV (VUV)-driven electron-ion coincidence imaging spectroscopy to directly probe the reaction pathways of highly excited states of energetic molecules-in this case, methyl azide. Our data, combined with advanced theoretical simulations, show that photoexcitation of methyl azide by a 10-fs UV pulse at 8 eV drives fast structural changes and strong nonadiabatic coupling that leads to relaxation to other excited states on a surprisingly fast timescale of 25 fs. This ultrafast relaxation differs from dynamics occurring on lower excited states, where the timescale required for the wavepacket to reach a region of strong nonadiabatic coupling is typically much longer. Moreover, our theoretical calculations show that ultrafast relaxation of the wavepacket to a lower excited state occurs along one of the conical intersection seams before reaching the minimum energy conical intersection. These findings are important for understanding the unique strongly coupled non-Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics of VUV-excited energetic molecules. Although such observations have been predicted for many years, this study represents one of the few where such strongly coupled non-Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics of VUV-excited energetic molecules have been conclusively observed directly, making it possible to identify the ultrafast reaction pathways.
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14
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Deng G, Dong X, Liu Q, Li D, Li H, Sun Q, Zeng X. The decomposition of benzenesulfonyl azide: a matrix isolation and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3792-3799. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise Curtius-rearrangement of benzenesulfonyl azide, PhS(O)2N3, has been proven experimentally by the direct observation of the novel intermediates sulfonyl nitrene PhS(O)2N and N-sulfonyl imine PhNSO2 and theoretically by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Deng
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xuelin Dong
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qifan Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Dingqing Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Sun
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- P. R. China
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15
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Deng G, Li D, Wu Z, Li H, Bernhardt E, Zeng X. Methanesulfonyl Azide: Molecular Structure and Photolysis in Solid Noble Gas Matrices. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5590-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Deng
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Dingqing Li
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Wu
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Eduard Bernhardt
- FB
C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse
20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| |
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