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An organometallic approach for the preparation of Au-TiO 2 and Au-g-C 3N 4 nanohybrids: improving the depletion of paracetamol under visible light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:337-347. [PMID: 35112285 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol (a common analgesic also known as acetaminophen) in ultrapure water with different photocatalytic systems was performed under ultraviolet or visible irradiation. The photocatalysts employed were: commercial Degussa-P25 TiO2 and Au-TiO2 under UVA irradiation (365 nm) and g-C3N4 and Au-g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation (low-power (4 × 10 W) white light LEDs), improving the effectiveness of degradation rates when the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were combined with the semiconductors. The nanostructured photocatalysts were synthesised and characterised by transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and, in the case of g-C3N4 photocatalysts by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of the pH in the depletion of paracetamol with g-C3N4 and visible light was evaluated. In addition, the stability and lifetime of the photocatalyst g-C3N4 in the degradation of paracetamol were studied.
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2
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Li Q, Wu C, Wang K, Wang X, Chen X, Dai W, Fu X. Comparison of the catalytic performance of Au/TiO2 prepared by in situ photodeposition and deposition precipitation methods for CO oxidation at room temperature under visible light irradiation. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As compared with Au/TiO2-DP, the Au/TiO2-PD sample showed more electron transfer from TiO2 to Au sites, more activation of O2 induced by oxygen vacancies, and the more obvious photo-promoting effect induced by the LSPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhong Li
- Research Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- College of Chemistry and Material, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Caijie Wu
- Research Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Research Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Research Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Research Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Wenxin Dai
- Research Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- Research Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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3
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Jiménez-Calvo P, Michel L, Keller V, Caps V. Titania-Carbon Nitride Interfaces in Gold-Catalyzed CO Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61015-61026. [PMID: 34918899 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed CO oxidation is a reaction of both practical and fundamental interest. In particular, rate-determining oxygen activation pathways have attracted a lot of attention. They have been found to depend on the surface chemistry of the catalyst support, titania providing the most active catalysts and carbon nitride leading to inactive catalysts. Here, we show that C3N4-TiO2 composites with rather similar surface chemistries can be engineered by using titania nanotubes as hard templates and by performing the polycondensation of melamine and dicyandiamide in air and in ammonia. By varying the C3N4 content from 2 to 75 wt %, the mesoporosity can be tuned from 8 to 40 nm. A systematic study of CO oxidation turnover numbers in the absence and in the presence of hydrogen over the composites loaded with well-calibrated 2-4 nm gold nanoparticles clearly shows that (1) the chemical composition of the support surface has much less impact on PROX (preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen) than on dry CO oxidation, (2) NH2-terminated supports are as active as OH-terminated supports in PROX, (3) hydrogen/water-mediated CO oxidation pathways are active on C3N4-based Au catalysts, and (4) PROX activity requires a rather large porosity (40 nm), which suggests the involvement of much larger intermediates than the usually postulated peroxo-type species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jiménez-Calvo
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), University of Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Loïc Michel
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), University of Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Valérie Keller
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), University of Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Valérie Caps
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), University of Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Sathiyan K, Bar-Ziv R, Marks V, Meyerstein D, Zidki T. The Role of Common Alcoholic Sacrificial Agents in Photocatalysis: Is It Always Trivial? Chemistry 2021; 27:15936-15943. [PMID: 34494701 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen production is proposed as a sustainable energy source. Simultaneous reduction and oxidation of water is a complex multistep reaction with high overpotential. Photocatalytic processes involving semiconductors transfer electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. Sacrificial substrates that react with the photochemically formed holes in the valence band are often used to study the mechanism of H2 production, as they scavenge the holes and hinder charge carrier recombination (electron-hole pairs). Here, we show that the desired sacrificial agent is one forming a radical that is a fairly strong reducing agent, and whose oxidized form is not a good electron acceptor that might suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In an acidic medium, methanol was found to fulfill both these requirements better than ethanol and propan-2-ol in the TiO2 -(M0 -NPs) (M=Au or Pt) system, whereas in an alkaline medium, the alcohols exhibit a reverse order of activity. Moreover, we report that CH2 (OH)2 is by far the most efficient sacrificial agent in a nontrivial mechanism in acidic media. Our study provides general guidelines for choosing an appropriate sacrificial substrate and helps to explain the variance in the performance of alcohol scavenger-based photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Sathiyan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Centers for Radical Reactions and Material Research and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Kyriat Hamada 3, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Ronen Bar-Ziv
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva, 84190, Israel
| | - Vered Marks
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Centers for Radical Reactions and Material Research and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Kyriat Hamada 3, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Centers for Radical Reactions and Material Research and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Kyriat Hamada 3, Ariel, 40700, Israel.,Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tomer Zidki
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Centers for Radical Reactions and Material Research and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Kyriat Hamada 3, Ariel, 40700, Israel
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Wei L, Yu C, Yang K, Fan Q, Ji H. Recent advances in VOCs and CO removal via photothermal synergistic catalysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of Ag-Au Colloidal Nanoparticles after Interaction with Linear Carbon Chains. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The results of X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) characterization of the surface of Ag-Au colloidal nanoparticles (Ag-Au NPs), prepared by laser ablation in water before and after interaction with linear carbon chains (LCC), are presented. No additional features appear in high-energy resolved XPS core level spectra of Ag-Au NPs which indicates that surface is not oxidized. The measurements of XPS Ag 3d-spectrum of (Ag-Au)@LCC manifests the additional low-energy structure that is associated with the formation of Ag–C bonds. The charge transfer between Au atoms on the NPs surface and LCC was established. Additionally, some oxidation of the Ag atoms on the surface of (Ag-Au)@LCC is observed which arises during laser ablation in water. We assume that oxidative species will preferably interact with the areas outside the LCC instead of oxidizing the carbon chains which was confirmed by XPS C 1s spectra.
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Liu H, Li L, Li P, Zhang G, Xu X, Zhang H, Qiu L, Qi H, Duo S. In-situ Construction of 2D/3D ZnIn2S4/TiO2 with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21060265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol at Ambient Conditions using Spray-Dried g-C3N4/TiO2 Granules. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Lv H, Huang Y, Koodali RT, Liu G, Zeng Y, Meng Q, Yuan M. Synthesis of Sulfur-Doped 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol and Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12656-12667. [PMID: 32083456 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-doped two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (2D-SCN) with efficient photocatalytic activity were synthesized via (1) polycondensation of thiourea to form bulk sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (SCN) and (2) followed by thermal oxidative treatment of the prepared SCN via an etching strategy to form 2D-SCN. Sulfur was doped in situ into SCN by using thiourea as the precursor, and the 2D nanosheet structure was obtained during the thermal oxidative etching process. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the 2D-SCN sample were investigated in detail. Herein, it is shown that the thermal oxidative etching treatment and sulfur doping induced a 2D nanosheet structure (2D-SCN-3h) with a thickness of about 4.0 nm and exposure of more sulfur elements on the surface. The surface area increased from 16.6 m2/g for SCN to 226.9 m2/g. Compared to bulk SCN, a blue shift of the absorption peaks was observed for the obtained 2D-SCN-3h photocatalyst, and the absorption intensity was higher than that of the sulfur-free counterpart (2D-CN). The successful in situ doping of S element into SCN or 2D-SCN-3h samples is beneficial to the introduction of surface N defects and O species. 2D-SCN-3h indicated higher efficiency in photogenerated charge carrier separation and showed the highest reductive activity in photocatalytic splitting of water at a rate of 127.4 μmol/h under simulated solar light irradiation, which was 250 times and 3 times higher than that of SCN and 2D-CN photocatalysts, respectively. The apparent quantum efficiency was estimated to be 8.35% at 420 nm irradiation. The S-C-N bond formed by sulfur doping was beneficial to the charge-transfer process, and this led to higher photocatalytic activity according to partial density of state analysis computed by first-principles methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Lv
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Purification and Functional Materials, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Purification and Functional Materials, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Ranjit T Koodali
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion 57069, South Dakota, United States
| | - Guimei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Accoutrement Technique in Fluid Machinery and Power Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yubin Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Accoutrement Technique in Fluid Machinery and Power Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Purification and Functional Materials, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Yuan
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Purification and Functional Materials, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
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10
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Li P, Zhang X, Qiu L, Xu X, Si Y, Liang T, Liu H, Chu J, Guo J, Duo S. MOF-derived TiO2 modified with g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction was prepared for the first time using a mechanical agitation method assisted by a template method and a two-step calcination method.
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11
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Sobahi TR, Amin MS. Upgrading the photocatalytic achievement of g-C3N4 nanosheets along decoration with Ag@TiO2 nanospheres for the preparation of vitamin B3. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-00960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Ovcharov ML, Granchak VM. Photocatalytic Activation of Carbon Monoxide on Semiconductors and Derived Nanocomposites: Basic Principles and Mechanisms: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-019-09608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Qin L, Zeng G, Lai C, Huang D, Zhang C, Cheng M, Yi H, Liu X, Zhou C, Xiong W, Huang F, Cao W. Synthetic strategies and application of gold-based nanocatalysts for nitroaromatics reduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:93-116. [PMID: 30359806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing requirement of efficient organic transformations on the basic concept of Green Sustainable Chemistry, the development of highly efficient catalytic reaction system is greatly desired. In this case, gold (Au)-based nanocatalysts are promising candidates for catalytic reaction, especially for the reduction of nitroaromatics. They have attracted wide attention and well developed in the application of nitroaromatics reduction because of the unique properties compared with that of other conventional metal-based catalysts. With this respect, this review proposes recent trends in the application of Au nanocatalysts for efficient reduction process of nitroaromatics. Some typical approaches are compared and discussed to guide the synthesis of highly efficient Au nanocatalysts. The mechanism on the use of H2 and NaBH4 solution as the source of hydrogen is compared, and that proposed under light irradiation is discussed. The high and unique catalytic activity of some carriers, such as oxides and carbons-based materials, based on different sizes, structures, and shapes of supported Au nanocatalysts for nitroaromatics reduction are described. The catalytic performance of Au combining with other metal nanoparticles by alloy or doping, like multi-metal nanoparticles system, is further discussed. Finally, a short discussion is introduced to compare the catalysis with other metallic nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China.
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China.
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Xigui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Fanglong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Weicheng Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, PR China
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14
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Tan X, Cheng G, Song X, Chen X, Dai W, Fu X. The promoting effect of visible light on the CO + NO reaction over the Pd/N–TiO2 catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pd/N–TiO2 was readily synthesized as an efficient catalyst for NO reduction by CO at lower temperature under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fujian, Fuzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-material Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University)
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fujian, Fuzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-material Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University)
| | - Xinjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fujian, Fuzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-material Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University)
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fujian, Fuzhou
- China
| | - Wenxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fujian, Fuzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-material Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University)
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fujian, Fuzhou
- China
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15
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Wang S, Gao H, Wei Y, Li Y, Yang X, Fang L, Lei L. Insight into the optical, color, photoluminescence properties, and photocatalytic activity of the N–O and C–O functional groups decorating spinel type magnesium aluminate. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MgAl2O4 with a spinel structure was successfully synthesized using a gamma-ray irradiation assisted polyacrylamide gel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Huajing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
- School of Science
| | - Yong Wei
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yanwu Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Chongqing Three Gorges University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Bowen College
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou 730101
- China
| | - Leiming Fang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Li Lei
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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16
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Meng J, Tian Y, Li C, Lin X, Wang Z, Sun L, Zhou Y, Li J, Yang N, Zong Y, Li F, Cao Y, Song H. A thiophene-modified doubleshell hollow g-C3N4 nanosphere boosts NADH regeneration via synergistic enhancement of charge excitation and separation. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ATCN-DSCN enabled boosted NADH photo-regeneration and FDH-assisted CO2 reduction.
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17
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Teixeira IF, Barbosa ECM, Tsang SCE, Camargo PHC. Carbon nitrides and metal nanoparticles: from controlled synthesis to design principles for improved photocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7783-7817. [PMID: 30234202 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of sunlight to drive chemical reactions via photocatalysis is of paramount importance towards a sustainable future. Among several photocatalysts, earth-abundant polymeric carbon nitride (PCN, often wrongly named g-C3N4) has emerged as an attractive candidate due to its ability to absorb light efficiently in the visible and near-infrared ranges, chemical stability, non-toxicity, straightforward synthesis, and versatility as a platform for constructing hybrid materials. Especially, hybrids with metal nanoparticles offer the unique possibility of combining the catalytic, electronic, and optical properties of metal nanoparticles with PCN. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of PCN materials and their hybrids, emphasizing heterostructures with metal nanoparticles. We focus on recent advances encompassing synthetic strategies, design principles, photocatalytic applications, and charge-transfer mechanisms. We also discuss how the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of some noble metals NPs (e.g. Au, Ag, and Cu), bimetallic compositions, and even non-noble metals NPs (e.g., Bi) synergistically contribute with PCN in light-driven transformations. Finally, we provide a perspective on the field, in which the understanding of the enhancement mechanisms combined with truly controlled synthesis can act as a powerful tool to the establishment of the design principles needed to take the field of photocatalysis with PCN to a new level, where the desired properties and performances can be planned in advance, and the target material synthesized accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F Teixeira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Gao H, Jia J, Guo F, Li B, Dai D, Deng X, Liu X, Si C, Liu G. The electronic structure and photoactivity of TiO2 modified by hybridization with monolayer g-C3N4. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Ali I, Suhail M, Alothman ZA, Alwarthan A. Recent advances in syntheses, properties and applications of TiO 2 nanostructures. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30125-30147. [PMID: 35546837 PMCID: PMC9085470 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TiO2 is a compound of great importance due to its remarkable catalytic and distinctive semiconducting properties. It is also a chemically stable, non-toxic and biocompatible material. Nano TiO2 is strong oxidizing agent with a large surface area and, hence, high photo-catalytic activities. With low production cost and a high dielectric constant, it is an inexpensive material. It can be prepared by diverse procedures such as solution and gas phase procedures. Nowadays, TiO2 is being used frequently for photo degradation of organic molecules and water splitting for hydrogen generation. Most important applications include purification, disinfection of waste water, self-cleaning coatings for buildings in urban areas and the production of the green currency of energy (hydrogen) by splitting water. The review describes the advances in the syntheses, properties and applications of TiO2 nano structures. Besides, efforts are also made to discuss the working mechanism and future challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University Al-Medina Al-Munawara - 41477 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University New Delhi India
| | - Mohd Suhail
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University New Delhi India
| | - Zied A Alothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alwarthan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Cao Y, Xing Z, Li Z, Wu X, Hu M, Yan X, Zhu Q, Yang S, Zhou W. Mesoporous black TiO 2-x/Ag nanospheres coupled with g-C 3N 4 nanosheets as 3D/2D ternary heterojunctions visible light photocatalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 343:181-190. [PMID: 28950206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
3D mesoporous black TiO2-x/Ag nanosphere coupled with 2D g-C3N4 sheet ternary heterojunctions are successfully fabricated through a facile evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process and photodeposition method, followed by a mild calcination (350°C) under an argon atmosphere after an in situ solid-state chemical reduction strategy. The resultant mesoporous black TiO2-x/Ag/g-C3N4 ternary heterojunctions with narrow band gap of∼2.27eV possess a relative high specific surface area of∼100m2g-1, main pore size of 6.2nm and the highest visible-light-driven photocatalytic property for degradation of methyl orange (97%) and methylene blue (99%). The apparent reaction rate constants (k) of mesoporous black TiO2-x/Ag/g-C3N4 for methyl orange and methylene blue are∼9 and 11 times higher than that of pristine TiO2. The possible mechanism is proposed, and the excellent photocatalytic property can be ascribed to the introduction of Ti3+ self-doping and g-C3N4, which favor the visible light absorption and the separation of electron-hole pairs, the surface plasma resonance effect of Ag nanoparticle, and the mesoporous networks offer more surface active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Zipeng Xing
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Zhenzi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Mengqiao Hu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Shilin Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
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21
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Shinde SL, Ishii S, Dao TD, Sugavaneshwar RP, Takei T, Nanda KK, Nagao T. Enhanced Solar Light Absorption and Photoelectrochemical Conversion Using TiN Nanoparticle-Incorporated C 3N 4-C Dot Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2460-2468. [PMID: 29271188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a promising strategy to increase the broadband solar light absorption was developed by synthesizing a composite of metal-free carbon nitride-carbon dots (C3N4-C dots) and plasmonic titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance under simulated solar radiation. Hot-electron injection from plasmonic TiN NPs to C3N4 played a role in photocatalysis, whereas C dots acted as catalysts for the decomposition of H2O2 to O2. The use of C dots also eliminated the need for a sacrificial reagent and prevented catalytic poisoning. By incorporating the TiN NPs and C dots, a sixfold improvement in the catalytic performance of C3N4 was observed. The proposed approach of combining TiN NPs and C dots with C3N4 proved effective in overcoming low optical absorption and charge recombination losses and also widens the spectral window, leading to improved photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Laxman Shinde
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Thang Duy Dao
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ramu Pasupathi Sugavaneshwar
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Takei
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Karuna Kar Nanda
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Tadaaki Nagao
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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22
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Silvestri A, Lay L, Psaro R, Polito L, Evangelisti C. Fluidic Manufacture of Star-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2017; 23:9732-9735. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvestri
- Nanotechnology Lab.; National Council of the Research; CNR-ISTM; Via G. Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milan Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Milan; Via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
- Present address: Department of Biomaterials; Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam-Golm 14476 Germany
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry; University of Milan; Via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
- CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo); University of Milan; Via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Rinaldo Psaro
- Nanotechnology Lab.; National Council of the Research; CNR-ISTM; Via G. Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milan Italy
| | - Laura Polito
- Nanotechnology Lab.; National Council of the Research; CNR-ISTM; Via G. Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milan Italy
| | - Claudio Evangelisti
- Nanotechnology Lab.; National Council of the Research; CNR-ISTM; Via G. Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milan Italy
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23
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Chen P, Wang F, Zhang Q, Su Y, Shen L, Yao K, Chen ZF, Liu Y, Cai Z, Lv W, Liu G. Photocatalytic degradation of clofibric acid by g-C 3N 4/P25 composites under simulated sunlight irradiation: The significant effects of reactive species. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:193-200. [PMID: 28068571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically emerging micropollutants have become an environmental concern in recent years. In the present paper, the reactive species (RSs)-induced degradation mechanism of clofibric acid (CA) was investigated using a newly sunlight-driven g-C3N4/P25 photocatalyst. A very low g-C3N4 content of 8.0 weight percent resulted in a 3.36 and a 2.29 times faster reaction rate for CA photodegradation than for pristine g-C3N4 and P25, respectively. Electron spin resonance and quenching experiments demonstrated the participation of HO, h+, e-, 1O2 and O2·- in the photocatalytic system, and the contribution rates were calculated to 73.3%, 15.3%, 5.1%, 6.7% and 33.1%, respectively. According to the pulse radiolysis measurements and the competitive kinetics approaches, the bimolecular reaction rate constants for HO, e-, and 1O2 with CA were (8.47 ± 0.33) × 109 M-1s-1, (6.41 ± 0.48) × 109 M-1s-1 and (6.6 ± 0.37) × 106 M-1s-1, respectively. RSs were found to significantly influence the degradation of CA, and the degradation pathways occurred primarily via e- reduction, HO addition and 1O2 attack reactions on the basis of mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuehan Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lingzhi Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kun Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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24
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25
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Black TiO 2 nanobelts/g-C 3N 4 nanosheets Laminated Heterojunctions with Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41978. [PMID: 28165021 PMCID: PMC5292731 DOI: 10.1038/srep41978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Black TiO2 nanobelts/g-C3N4 nanosheets laminated heterojunctions (b-TiO2/g-C3N4) as visible-light-driven photocatalysts are fabricated through a simple hydrothermal-calcination process and an in-situ solid-state chemical reduction approach, followed by the mild thermal treatment (350 °C) in argon atmosphere. The prepared samples are evidently investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that special laminated heterojunctions are formed between black TiO2 nanobelts and g-C3N4 nanosheets, which favor the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, the presence of Ti3+ and g-C3N4 greatly enhance the absorption of visible light. The resultant b-TiO2/g-C3N4 materials exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than that of g-C3N4, TiO2, b-TiO2 and TiO2/g-C3N4 for degradation of methyl orange (95%) and hydrogen evolution (555.8 μmol h-1 g-1) under visible light irradiation. The apparent reaction rate constant (k) of b-TiO2/g-C3N4 is ~9 times higher than that of pristine TiO2. Therefore, the high-efficient laminated heterojunction composites will have potential applications in fields of environment and energy.
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26
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Ong WJ, Tan LL, Ng YH, Yong ST, Chai SP. Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability? Chem Rev 2016; 116:7159-329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4328] [Impact Index Per Article: 541.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Jun Ong
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Particles
and Catalysis Research Group (PARTCAT), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Siek-Ting Yong
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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27
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Zeng J, Song T, Lv M, Wang T, Qin J, Zeng H. Plasmonic photocatalyst Au/g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A Au/g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite was successfully prepared and characterized, and it exhibited a significant visible-light-driven photoactivity for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Environmental
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Song
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Environmental
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Meixiang Lv
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Environmental
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Molecules
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
| | - Jiayi Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Environmental
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Heping Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Environmental
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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28
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Cheng Y, Zhao Q, Li Y, Peng W, Zhang G, Zhang F, Fan X. Gold nanoparticles supported on layered TiO2–RGO hybrid as an enhanced and recyclable catalyst for microwave-assisted hydration reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel composite (Au–SO42−/TiO2–RGO) is synthesized and serves as an enhanced catalyst for alkyne hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Qingshan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Wenchao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Fengbao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
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