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Geitner R, Schuett T, Zechel S, Schubert US. Advancements and Challenges in the Synthesis of Oxymethylene Ethers (OMEs) as Sustainable Transportation Fuels. Chemistry 2024:e202401570. [PMID: 38877302 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The urgent need for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels in the transportation sector is driving research into novel energy carriers that can meet the high energy density requirements of heavy-duty vehicles without exacerbating the climate change. This concept article examines the synthesis, mechanisms, and challenges associated with oxymethylene ethers (OMEs), a promising class of synthetic fuels potentially derived from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. We highlight the importance of OMEs in the transition towards non-fossil energy sources due to their compatibility with the existing Diesel infrastructure and their cleaner combustion profile. The synthesis mechanisms, including the Schulz-Flory distribution and its implications for OME chain length specificity, and the role of various catalysts and starting materials are discussed in depth. Despite advancements in the field, significant challenges remain, such as overcoming the Schulz-Flory distribution, efficiently managing water as an undesirable byproduct, and improving the overall energy efficiency of the OME synthesis. Addressing these challenges is crucial for OMEs to become a viable alternative fuel, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the transition to a sustainable energy future in the transportation sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Geitner
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, Technical University Ilmenau, Weimarer Str. 32, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Timo Schuett
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Polymers in Energy Applications Jena (HIPOLE Jena), Lessingstrasse 12-14, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Improved Stabilization of Sulfated Zirconia by Molybdenum: Synergy of Metal Sites and Acid Sites in the n-Hexane Hydro-Isomerization. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gao X, Zhang J, Song F, Zhang Q, Han Y, Tan Y. Selective oxidation conversion of methanol/dimethyl ether. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4687-4699. [PMID: 35302128 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As important platform compounds, methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) are vital bridges between the coal chemical, petrochemical and fine chemical industries. At present, the synthesis of methanol/DME has been industrialized, and the production capacity is much larger than the market demand. Therefore, the conversion of methanol/DME into more valuable chemicals is an important and significant topic. The synthesis of high value-added oxygenated chemicals and diesel oil additives from methanol/DME by an oxidation method has attracted substantial attention due to it being green and environmentally friendly and having good atom economy. In this feature article, we have summarized the recent advances in the synthesis of formaldehyde, methyl formate, dimethoxymethane, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers, from the selective oxidation of methanol/DME, and further discussed the adsorption and activation of reactant molecules, selective cleavage of C-O, C-H or O-H bonds in methanol/DME molecules and the C-O chain growth in the target products. In the end, major challenges and future prospects are proposed from the viewpoint of catalyst design and application. It is expected that this feature article will provide theoretical guidance for the activation and cleavage of C-O, C-H, or O-H bonds in other small molecules of alcohol/ether as well as low-carbon alkanes, so as to synthesize high value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Faen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Qingde Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China. .,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yizhuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Yisheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Yan L, Zhang J, Gao X, Song F, Wang X, Zhang T, Liu X, Meng X, Zhang Q, Han Y, Tan Y. Oxidative coupling of methane over Mo-Sn catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13297-13300. [PMID: 34779454 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel Mo-Sn catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane was designed using a hydrothermal method. At 650 °C, the conversion of methane was 8.6% and the selectivity of the C2 hydrocarbons reached as high as 98.1% over the Mo1Sn3 catalyst, with a CO2 selectivity of only 0.8%. We demonstrated that the deep oxidation of methane to CO2 was further inhibited due to the synergistic effects of moderately strong basic sites and reactive oxygen species on the catalyst surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China. .,China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Xiujuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Faen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianghai Meng
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qingde Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China. .,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yizhuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Yisheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Effect of Metal Loading in Unpromoted and Promoted CoMo/Al2O3–TiO2 Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the effects of changes in the supported active phase concentration over titania containing mixed oxides catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Mo and CoMo supported on sol–gel Al2O3–TiO2 (Al/Ti = 2) were synthetized and tested for the HDO of phenol in a batch reactor at 5.5 MPa, 593 K, and 100 ppm S. Characterization results showed that the increase in Mo loading led to an increase in the amount of oxide Mo species with octahedral coordination (MoOh), which produced more active sites and augmented the catalytic activity. The study of the change of Co concentration allowed prototypes of the oxide species and their relationship with the CoMo/AT2 activity to be described. Catalysts were tested at four different Co/(Co + Mo) ratios. The results presented a correlation between the available fraction of CoOh and the catalytic performance. At low CoOh fractions (Co/(Co + Mo) = 0.1), Co could not promote all MoS2 slabs and metallic sites from this latter phase performed the reaction. Also, at high Co/(Co + Mo) ratios (0.3 and 0.4), there was a loss of Co species. The Co/(Co + Mo) = 0.2 ratio presented an optimum amount of available CoOh and catalytic activity since the XPS results indicated a higher concentration of the CoMoS phase than at a higher ratio.
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Zhang H, Wang G, Dai G, Xu X. Sandwich-like SnO2/MoO3−x prepared by electrostatic self-assembly for high-performance photocatalysis. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao XJ, Wang WF, Gu YY, Zhang ZZ, Zhang JF, Zhang QD, Tsubaki N, Han YZ, Tan YS. Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers from Dimethyl Ether Direct Oxidation over Carbon-Based Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Wen-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
| | - Qing-De Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
| | - Noritatsu Tsubaki
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Yi-Zhuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
| | - Yi-Sheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
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Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Jia L, Wang W, Gao X, Gu Y, Gao X, Han Y, Tan Y. Regulation of SBA-15, γ-Al2O3, ZSM-5 and MgO on Molybdenum oxide and Consequent Effect on DME Oxidation Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Qingde Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Lingyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Yingying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Xiujuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Yizhuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Yisheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan, Shanxi China
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Low-Temperature Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether to Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers over CNT-Supported Rhenium Catalyst. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Bai Y, Tsubaki N, Han Y, Tan Y. Application of modified CNTs with Ti(SO4)2 in selective oxidation of dimethyl ether. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01367h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The possible reaction pathway of DME oxidation to DMM2 over Ti(SO4)2/CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingde Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
| | - Yunying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
| | - Noritatsu Tsubaki
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
| | - Yizhuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
| | - Yisheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
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Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Jia L, Wang W, Tian SP, Wang P, Xiao H, Han Y, Tsubaki N, Tan Y. The effects of the Mo–Sn contact interface on the oxidation reaction of dimethyl ether to methyl formate at a low reaction temperature. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With increasing degrees of Mo–Sn interface contact, the molar ratio of methyl formate (MF) to methanol (MeOH) and formaldehyde (FA) was found to linearly increase simultaneously.
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