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Gu C, So CM. Regio- and Chemoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Additive-Free Direct C─H Functionalization of Heterocycles with Chloroaryl Triflates Using Pyrazole-Alkyl Phosphine Ligands. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309192. [PMID: 38482750 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of new pyrazole-alkyl phosphine ligands with varying cycloalkyl ring sizes that enable additive-free regio- and chemoselective C─H arylation of heterocycles are reported. Excellent α/β selectivity of various heterocycles such as benzo[b]thiophene, thiophene, furan, benzofuran, and thiazole can be achieved using these ligands, along with excellent chemoselectivity of C─Cl over C─OTf of chloroaryl triflates. Mechanistic studies supported by both experimental findings and density functional theory calculations indicate that the pyrazole phosphine ligands with optimal ring sizes allow the reaction to proceed with a lower energy barrier via a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
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2
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Yao J, Shao L, Kang X, Zhu M, Huo X, Wang X. Direct α-Arylation of Benzo[ b]furans Catalyzed by a Pd 3 Cluster. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1719-1726. [PMID: 38204281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
As an interim paradigm for the catalysts between those based on more conventional mononuclear molecular Pd complexes and Pdn nanoparticles widely used in organic synthesis, polynuclear palladium clusters have attracted great attention for their unique reactivity and electronic properties. However, the development of Pd cluster catalysts for organic transformations and mechanistic investigations is still largely unexploited. Herein, we disclose the use of trinuclear palladium (Pd3Cl) species as an active catalyst for the direct C-H α-arylation of benzo[b]furans with aryl iodides to afford 2-arylbenzofurans in good yields under mild conditions. With this method, broad substrate adaptability was observed, and several drug intermediates were synthesized in high yields. Mechanistic studies indicated that the Pd3 core most likely remained intact throughout the reaction course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lili Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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3
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Bensalah D, Mansour L, Sauthier M, Gurbuz N, Özdemir I, Beji L, Gatri R, Hamdi N. Plausible PEPPSI catalysts for direct C-H functionalization of five-membered heterocyclic bioactive motifs: synthesis, spectral, X-ray crystallographic characterizations and catalytic activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31386-31410. [PMID: 37941793 PMCID: PMC10628855 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of benzimidazolium salts were synthesized as asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors. Nine novel palladium complexes with the general formula [PdX2(NHC)(pyridine)] were synthesized using benzimidazolium salts in the PEPPSI (Pyridine Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation, Stabilization and Initiation) theme. All synthesized Pd(ii) complexes are stable. The synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized by respective spectroscopic techniques, such as 1HNMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis. The geometric structure of the palladium N-heterocyclic carbene has been optimized in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP-D3 dispersion functional with LANL2DZ as a basis set. The on/off mechanism of pyridine assisted Pd-NHC complexes made them the best C-H functionalized catalysts for regioselective C-5 arylated products. Five membered heterocyclic compounds such as 2-acetyl furan, furfuryl acetate 2-acetylthiophene and N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde were treated with numerous aryl bromides and arylchlorides under optimal catalytic reaction conditions. Interestingly, all the prepared catalysts possessed essential structural features that facilitated the formation of desired coupling products in quantitative yield with excellent selectivity. The arylation reaction of bromoacetophenone was highly catalytically active with only 1 mol% catalyst loading at 150 °C for 2 hours. To check the efficiency of the synthesized complexes, three different five member heterocyclic substrates (2-acetylfuran, 2-acetylthiophen, 2-propylthaizole) were tested with a number of aryl bromides bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on para position. The data in Tables 2-4. Indicated that electron-donating groups on the para position of aryl halide decreased the catalytic conversion while electron-withdrawing groups increased the catalytic conversion this was due to the high nucleophilicity of the electron-donating substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Bensalah
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Hammam-Lif Tunisia +96 6556394839
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathieu Sauthier
- Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Lille, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, USTL BP 90108, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59652 France
| | - Nevin Gurbuz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Lotfi Beji
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences and Arts at Arras, Qassim University Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafik Gatri
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Sélective et Hétérocyclique Évaluation Biologique LR17ES01 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Campus Universitaire, Université de Tunis El Manar 1092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Hammam-Lif Tunisia +96 6556394839
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4
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Arche PDE, Chatterjee S, Talukder MM, Miller JT, Cue JMO, Udamulle Gedara CM, Lord RL, Biewer MC, Cisneros GA, Stefan MC. Regioselective Direct C-H Bond Heteroarylation of Thiazoles Enabled by an Iminopyridine-Based α-Diimine Nickel(II) Complex Evaluated by DFT Studies. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12319-12328. [PMID: 37603582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H bond arylation is a highly effective method for synthesizing arylated heteroaromatics. This method reduces the number of synthetic steps and minimizes the formation of impurities. We report an air- and moisture-stable iminopyridine-based α-diimine nickel(II) complex for direct C5-H bond arylation of thiazole derivatives. Under a low catalyst loading and performing the reactions at lower temperatures (80 °C) under aerobic conditions, we produced mono- and diarylated thiazole units. Competition experiments and density functional theory calculations revealed that the mechanism of C-H activation in 4-methylthiazole involves an electrophilic aromatic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Damien E Arche
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Shubham Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Md Muktadir Talukder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Justin T Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - John Michael O Cue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chinthaka M Udamulle Gedara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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5
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Docherty JH, Lister TM, Mcarthur G, Findlay MT, Domingo-Legarda P, Kenyon J, Choudhary S, Larrosa I. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation for the Formation of C-C Bonds in Complex Molecules. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37163671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Site-predictable and chemoselective C-H bond functionalization reactions offer synthetically powerful strategies for the step-economic diversification of both feedstock and fine chemicals. Many transition-metal-catalyzed methods have emerged for the selective activation and functionalization of C-H bonds. However, challenges of regio- and chemoselectivity have emerged with application to highly complex molecules bearing significant functional group density and diversity. As molecular complexity increases within molecular structures the risks of catalyst intolerance and limited applicability grow with the number of functional groups and potentially Lewis basic heteroatoms. Given the abundance of C-H bonds within highly complex and already diversified molecules such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, and materials, design and selection of reaction conditions and tolerant catalysts has proved critical for successful direct functionalization. As such, innovations within transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization for the direct formation of carbon-carbon bonds have been discovered and developed to overcome these challenges and limitations. This review highlights progress made for the direct metal-catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions including alkylation, methylation, arylation, and olefination of C-H bonds within complex targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H Docherty
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Lister
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Mcarthur
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Findlay
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Domingo-Legarda
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Kenyon
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Shweta Choudhary
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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6
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Maayuri R, Gandeepan P. Manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:441-464. [PMID: 36541044 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has become a promising strategy in organic synthesis due to its improved atom-, step- and resource economy. Considering the Earth's abundance, economic benefits, and low toxicity, 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation have received a significant focus. In particular, organometallic manganese-catalyzed C-H activation has proven to be versatile and suitable for a wide range of transformations such as C-H addition to π-components, arylation, alkylation, alkynylation, amination, and many more. Among them, manganese-catalyzed C-H addition to C-C and C-heteroatom multiple bonds exhibited unique and promising reactivity to construct a wide range of complex organic molecules. In this review, we highlight the developments in the field of manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds via C-H activation with a range of applications until August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Maayuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
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7
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Rosadoni E, Banchini F, Bellini S, Lessi M, Pasquinelli L, Bellina F. Ligandless Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-5 Arylation of Azoles Promoted by Benzoic Acid in Anisole. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238454. [PMID: 36500546 PMCID: PMC9735507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of azoles with (hetero)aryl halides is nowadays one of the most versatile and efficient procedures for the selective synthesis of heterobiaryls. Although this procedure is, due to its characteristics, also of great interest in the industrial field, the wide use of a reaction medium such as DMF or DMA, two polar aprotic solvents coded as dangerous according to environmental, health, safety (EHS) parameters, strongly limits its actual use. In contrast, the use of aromatic solvents as the reaction medium for direct arylations, although some of them show good EHS values, is poorly reported, probably due to their low solvent power against reagents and their potential involvement in undesired side reactions. In this paper we report an unprecedented selective C-5 arylation procedure involving anisole as an EHS green reaction solvent. In addition, the beneficial role of benzoic acid as an additive was also highlighted, a role that had never been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rosadoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Banchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Bellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Lessi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Bellina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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8
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Buğday N, Khan S, Yaşar S, Bulut F, Boulebd H, Karabıyık H, Karabıyık H, Öz E, Rehman AU, Özdemir İ. Pd-NHC complex catalyzed C-H bond activation reactions of caffeine and 2-isobuthylthiazole. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Zheng DZ, Li DH, Liu H, Shao Y, Ke Z, Liu FS. Bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN)-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes with Ancillary Ligands: Readily Activated Precatalysts for Direct C–H Arylation of Thiophenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Zhong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Dong-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Youxiang Shao
- School of Materials Science &Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science &Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
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10
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Liu M, Mao Z, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Pd-catalyzed Site-selective direct arene C H arylation of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with aryl iodides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Liu L, Durai M, Doucet H. Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent C−H Arylations of Aryl‐Substituted Azoles. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Liu
- CNRS ISCR-UMR 6226 Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | | | - Henri Doucet
- CNRS ISCR-UMR 6226 Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
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12
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. Palladium-Catalysed Intermolecular Direct C–H Bond Arylation of Heteroarenes with Reagents Alternative to Aryl Halides: Current State of the Art. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220201124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Abstract: This unprecedented review with 322 references provides a critical up-to-date picture of the Pd-catalysed intermolecular direct C–H bond arylation of heteroarenes with arylating reagents alternative to aryl halides that include aryl sulfonates (aryl triflates, tosylates, mesylates, and imidazole-1-sulfonates), diaryliodonium salts, [(diacetoxy)iodo]arenes, arenediazonium salts, 1-aryltriazenes, arylhydrazines and N’-arylhydrazides, arenesulfonyl chlorides, sodium arenesulfinates, arenesulfinic acids, and arenesulfonohydrazides. Particular attention has been paid to summarise the preparation of the various arylating reagents and to highlight the practicality, versatility, and limitations of the various developed arylation protocols, also comparing their results with those achieved in analogous Pd-catalysed arylation reactions involving the use of aryl halides as electrophiles. Mechanistic proposals have also been briefly summarised and discussed. However, data concerning Pd-catalysed direct C–H bond arylations involving the C–H bonds of aryl substituents of the examined heteroarene derivatives have not been taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128, Palermo, Italy
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13
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4,5‐Dihydro‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene‐linked palladium complexes as catalysts for the direct CH bond arylation of azoles. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Sandeli AEK, Boulebd H, Khiri-Meribout N, Benzerka S, Bensouici C, Özdemir N, Gürbüz N, Özdemir İ. New benzimidazolium N-heterocyclic carbene precursors and their related Pd-NHC complex PEPPSI-type: Synthesis, structures, DFT calculations, biological activity, docking study, and catalytic application in the direct arylation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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16
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Kwak H, Kang E, Song JY, Kang G, Joo JM. Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynyl Norbornene Derivatives for the Synthesis of Benzofused Heteroarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kwak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhee Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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17
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Nawaz Z, Gürbüz N, Naveed Zafar M, Nawaz Tahir M, Ashfaq M, Karci H, Özdemir İ. Direct arylation (hetero-coupling) of heteroarenes via unsymmetrical palladium-PEPPSI-NHC type complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Thakur R, Jaiswal Y, Kumar A. Primary amides: Sustainable weakly coordinating groups in transition metal-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization reactions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Basak S, Dutta S, Maiti D. Accessing C2-Functionalized 1,3-(Benz)azoles through Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:10533-10557. [PMID: 33909304 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal presence of 1,3-azoles in a variety of bioactive natural products, pharmacophores, and organic materials demands the derivatization of such heteroarenes regioselectively. Plenty of cross-coupling as well as cyclocondensation reactions have been performed to build up these skeletons but remained commercially unrealizable. A couple of severe drawbacks are faced by these traditional protocols that require a more straightforward strategy to obviate them. Transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization has emerged as a superior alternative in that context. 1,3-Azoles and their benzo counterparts have been extensively functionalized exploiting both noble and earth-abundant transition metals. Lately, C-2 functionalization have gained much traction due to the ease of attaining high regioselectivity and installation of synthetically manipulative functionalities. This critical review presents a bird's eye view of all major C-2 functionalization of (benz)azoles catalyzed by a diverse set of metals performed over the past 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH, 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH, 400076, India
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20
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Chen L, Huo JQ, Si HL, Xu XY, Kou S, Mao J, Zhang JL. One-Pot Synthesis of N-H-Free Pyrroles from Aldehydes and Alkynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4348-4352. [PMID: 34014098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first base-mediated intermolecular cyclization of arylaldehydes and terminal arylacetylenes for the synthesis of a wide range of pyrroles in a single step has been described. The developed methodology used commercially available starting materials and tolerated a broad range of functional groups affording 2,3,5-triaryl-substituted-1H-pyrroles with good yields (up to 92% yield) under mild conditions. The possible mechanism was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Qian Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - He-Long Si
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Song Kou
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
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21
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Wang D, Salazar CA, Stahl SS. Catalyst-Controlled Regioselectivity in Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Arylation of Indoles. Organometallics 2021; 40:2198-2203. [PMID: 34366539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation of heteorarenes is an important and widely studied synthetic transformation; however, the regioselectivity is often substrate-controlled. Here, we report catalyst-controlled regioselectivity in the Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling of N-(phenylsulfonyl)indoles and aryl boronic acids using O2 as the oxidant. Both C2- and C3-arylated indoles are obtained in good yield with >10:1 selectivity. A switch from C2 to C3 regioselectivity is achieved by including 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one or 2,2'-bipyrimidine as an ancillary ligand to a "ligand-free" Pd(OTs)2 catalyst system. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the switch in selectivity arises from a change in the mechanism, from a C2-selective oxidative-Heck pathway to a C3-selective C-H activation/reductive elimination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chase A Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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22
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Chen W, Li HJ, Cheng YF, Wu YC. Direct C2-arylation of N-acyl pyrroles with aryl halides under palladium catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1555-1564. [PMID: 33506844 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02579h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
C2-arylation of N-acyl pyrroles with aryl halides is developed for the first time using Pd(PPh3)4 as a catalyst in combination with Ag2CO3 under air, which allowed the application of a good compatibility catalytic system. This protocol provides a straightforward method for the preparation of valuable arylated pyrroles in moderate to good yields under the standard conditions with good substrate tolerance. Interestingly, while N-benzoyl pyrroles reacted well, the use of substrates with a thiophene or furan ring indicated that the thiophene and furan rings are more reactive than pyrrole for the present catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China.
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China. and Weihai Huiankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Weihai 264200, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fei Cheng
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China.
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China.
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23
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Kaloğlu M, Kaloğlu N, Özdemir İ. Palladium-PEPPSI-NHC Complexes Bearing Imidazolidin-2-Ylidene Ligand: Efficient Precatalysts for the Direct C5-Arylation of N-Methylpyrrole-2-Carboxaldehyde. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Al Mamari HH, Grošelj U, Požgan F, Brodnik H. Regioselective Ru(II)/Pd(0) Dual Catalysis: One-Pot C-H Diarylation of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3138-3151. [PMID: 33512169 PMCID: PMC7901663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a one-pot site-selective dual metal catalyzed C-H diarylation reaction for the synthesis of multiarylated thiophene and furan derivatives in yields up to 92%. The regioselectivity of the developed methodology was achieved with the sequential use of two metal catalysts within a single vessel, starting with a Ru(II)-catalyzed C3 arylation assisted by an azine directing group, followed by a Pd(0)-catalyzed C-H functionalization on the C5-position of the five-membered heterocycle. Furthermore, the kinetic studies support that the position of the nitrogen atom within the azine moiety exhibits an evident effect on the efficiency of the ruthenium-catalyzed arylation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad H. Al Mamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science,
Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoudh, 123 Muscat,
Oman
| | - Uroš Grošelj
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Požgan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Brodnik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Rist PA, Grainger RS, Davies PW. Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkyne Oxyarylation for C3 Functionalization of Benzothiophenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:642-646. [PMID: 33467857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
C3-selective C-C bond formation on benzothiophenes is challenging, and few direct functionalization methods are available. A gold-catalyzed reaction of alkynes with benzothiophene S-oxides provides regioselective entry into C3-alkylated benzothiophenes with the C7-alkylated isomer as the minor product. This oxyarylation reaction works with alkyl and aryl alkynes and substituted and unsubstituted benzothiophenes. Mechanistic studies identify that sulfoxide inhibits the catalyst [DTBPAu(PhCN)]SbF6, which also degrades and forms the unreactive complex [(DTBP)2Au]SbF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige A Rist
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Richard S Grainger
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Paul W Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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26
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Catalytic C-H Functionalization of Unreactive Furan Cores in Bio-Derived Platform Chemicals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:558-568. [PMID: 33207076 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization is one of the most convenient and powerful tools in the arsenal of modern chemistry, deservedly nominated as the "Holy Grail" of organic synthesis. A frequent disadvantage of this method is the need for harsh reaction conditions to carry out transformations of inert C-H bonds, which limits the possibility of its use for modifying less stable substrates. Biomass-derived furan platform chemicals, which have a relatively unstable aromatic furan core and highly reactive side chain substituents, are extremely promising and valuable organic molecules that are currently widely used in a variety of research and industrial fields. The high sensitivity of furan derivatives to acids, strong oxidants, and high temperatures significantly limits the use of classical methods of C-H functionalization for their modification. New methods of catalytic functionalization of non-reactive furan cores are urgently required to obtain a new generation of materials with controlled properties and potentially bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Y Karlinskii
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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27
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Gandon V, Hoarau C. Concerted vs Nonconcerted Metalation-Deprotonation in Orthogonal Direct C-H Arylation of Heterocycles with Halides: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1769-1778. [PMID: 33406843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A computational study on the base-assisted orthogonal C-H arylation of azoles with halides is reported. Although concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) is favored under acetate assistance at the C5 site that displays the best balance of nucleophilic and acidic character, the most acidic C2 site may be selectively targeted under carbonate assistance by taking advantage of a carbanionic-type (or non-concerted) metalation-deprotonation mechanism (nCMD). For the latter, several experimental probes including base, ligand, and solvent effects have been collected in favor of an outer-sphere deprotonation process after the formation of a [(Ln)(N1-heteroaryl)PdArX] complex. However, no computational analysis of this fundamental elementary step has been so far provided. We have carried out a series of density functional theory (DFT) calculations that delineate the structural and energetic aspects of the nCMD pathway. Starting with the oxa(thia)zole-4-carboxylates selected in our group to engineer the competitive C2 vs C5 arylation in azoles, we show that the energy barrier of the C2 anion generation is lying unexpectedly lower than the prior heterocycle coordination to Pd that is eventually identified as the rate-determining step. These calculations provide satisfactory explanations for the experimental observations of the divergence between nCMD and CMD reactivity, and notably a lower barrier at the C2 site for the nCMD process. On the other hand, the nCMD process is ineffective at the C5 site. Evaluation of various azoles reveals that the nCMD mechanism at C2 is viable from the most acidic (benzo)oxazoles to moderately acidic (benzo)thiazoles, as well as weakly acidic imidazoles. In all cases, in accordance with previously reported experimental data in orthogonal direct C-H arylation of azoles, the nCMD route is found energetically competitive to the CMD one at C5 for all azoles, except for imidazole which needs stronger basic conditions than simple carbonate assistance. Additionally, the acetate ligand, which is the base of choice for CMD, was found inefficient for nCMD and the comparative performance of acetate vs carbonate to assist CMD in the azole series reveals also considerable changes from electronically close but environmentally divergent C5-H vs C2-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Christophe Hoarau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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28
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Hamdi N, Slimani I, Mansour L, Alresheedi F, Gürbüz N, Özdemir I. N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladium-PEPPSI complexes and their catalytic activity in the direct C–H bond activation of heteroarene derivatives with aryl bromides: synthesis, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04606c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Pd–NHC–PEPPSI complexes were used as catalysts in the direct C5-arylation of 2-acetyl furan, 2-acetylthiophene, and 2n-propylthiazole with different aryl bromides and were evaluated for their potential antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, 51921 Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia, PB 77-P.O. Box 77, 1054 Amilcar, Tunisia
| | - I. Slimani
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia, PB 77-P.O. Box 77, 1054 Amilcar, Tunisia
| | - L. Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alresheedi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Gürbüz
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center, 44280-Malatya, Turkey
- İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - I. Özdemir
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center, 44280-Malatya, Turkey
- İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
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29
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Slimani I, Mansour L, Özdemir I, Gürbüz N, Hamdi N. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of PEPPSI-type palladium–NHC complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Wang H, Mao J, Shuai S, Chen S, Zou D, Walsh PJ, Li J. N-Acyl pyrroles: chemoselective pyrrole dance vs. C–H functionalization/aroylation of toluenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00944c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselectivity is one of the most challenging issues facing the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - SuJuan Shuai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Jie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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31
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Orientation effects on C2(5)-C2ʹ(5ʹ) linked bioxazole isomers synthesized via regioselective and sequential C H arylation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Kitamura Y, Murata Y, Iwai M, Matsumura M, Yasuike S. Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Benzofurans with Triarylantimony Difluorides for the Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzofurans. Molecules 2020; 26:E97. [PMID: 33379315 PMCID: PMC7795347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed regioselective C-H arylation is a useful tool for the chemical modification of aromatic heterocycles and 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives are of interest as biologically active substances. Herein, the reaction of triarylantimony difluorides with benzofurans under aerobic conditions in 1,2-DCE, using 5 mol% Pd (OAc)2 and 2 eq. of CuCl2 at 80 °C, produced a variety of 2-arylbenzofurans in moderate-to-high yields. The reaction is sensitive to the electronic nature of the substituents on the benzene ring of the triarylantimony difluorides: an electron-donating group showed higher reactivity than an electron-withdrawing group. Single crystal X-ray analysis of tri(p-methylphenyl) antimony difluoride revealed that the central antimony atom exhibits trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuji Yasuike
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (Y.K.); (Y.M.); (M.I.); (M.M.)
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33
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Cardoza S, Shrivash MK, Das P, Tandon V. Strategic Advances in Sequential C-Arylations of Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1330-1356. [PMID: 33356264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-specific C-arylation strategies have important applications in medicinal and material research. These strategies allow C-C bond formations in a regioselective manner to synthesize large molecular libraries for studying structure-activity profiles. The past decade has seen the development of single C-C bond forming reactions using various transition-metal catalysts, cryogenic metalation strategies, and metal-free methods. Sequential arylations of heterocycles allow for the formation of multiaryl derivatives and are a preferred choice over de novo synthetic routes. This perspective sheds light on recent strategic advances to develop various sequential synthetic routes for the multiarylation of heteroarenes. This perspective addresses many challenges in optimizing sequential routes with respect to catalysts, reaction parameters, and various strategies adopted to obtain diversely arylated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savio Cardoza
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Shrivash
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.,Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 211012, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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34
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Song JY, Jang JH, Chuang S, Joo JM. Palladium‐catalyzed
Aerobic Benzannulation of Pyrazoles with Alkynes. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeong Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyeok Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Shih‐Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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35
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Huang HY, Benzai A, Shi X, Doucet H. Effective Tools for the Metal-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Direct Arylations of (Hetero)arenes. CHEM REC 2020; 21:343-356. [PMID: 33332755 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of two different C-H bonds of the same organic molecule using different procedures - also called regiodivergent C-H bond functionalization - currently represents an important research topic in organic chemistry, as it demonstrates the versatility of C-H bond functionalization methodology. Over the last decade, the number of tools to control such regiodivergent C-H bond functionalizations has increased significantly. In this account, we will present the various tools that allowed us to arylate different positions of various (hetero)arenes, via a C-H bond functionalization, using palladium or ruthenium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Huang
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Amal Benzai
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Xinzhe Shi
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Henri Doucet
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
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36
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Jacolot M, Popowycz F, da Rosa R, Grand L, Schenkel EP, Sibelle Campos Bernardes L. The Use of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural towards Fine Chemicals: Synthesis and Direct Arylation of 5-HMF-Based Oxazoles. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1335-7330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a renewable platform chemical used as a source for obtaining diverse fine chemicals. In this letter, we report the synthesis of 5-HMF-based oxazole compounds. While 5-HMF could be easily converted into the oxazole derivative through the Van Leusen reaction, the direct arylation step needed to access the final compounds was problematic at first. After optimization, a palladium-catalyzed procedure has been developed and used for the synthesis of a series of 33 derivatives. This article reports an extension of the late-stage CH arylation reaction as an application to the oxazole platform derived from biosourced 5-HMF. The challenges in the preparation of the derivatives containing some electron-withdrawing substituents were overcome by the use of a palladium-free method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïwenn Jacolot
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS
| | - Rafael da Rosa
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
| | - Lucie Grand
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS
| | - Eloir P. Schenkel
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
| | - Lílian Sibelle Campos Bernardes
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
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37
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Jeong S, Kim E, Kim M, Hwang YJ, Padhi B, Choi J, Lee Y, Joo JM. Divergent Strategies for the π-Extension of Heteroaryl Halides Using Norbornadiene as an Acetylene Synthon. Org Lett 2020; 22:9670-9676. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Birakishore Padhi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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38
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Laga E, Cativiela C, Urriolabeitia EP. Alkenylation of ortho-palladated phenylglycine: synthesis of stilbene derivatives and 3-aryl-isoquinoline-1-carboxylates. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Abbasnia M, Sheykhan M, Ghaffari T, Safari E. Approach to the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical/Symmetrical Maleimides via Desulfitative Arylation at Different Temperatures. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11688-11698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Abbasnia
- Chemistry Department, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41335-1914, 4193833697 Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sheykhan
- Chemistry Department, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41335-1914, 4193833697 Rasht, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ghaffari
- Chemistry Department, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41335-1914, 4193833697 Rasht, Iran
| | - Elham Safari
- Chemistry Department, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41335-1914, 4193833697 Rasht, Iran
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40
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Chen H, Farizyan M, Gemmeren M. Regioselective Olefination of 3‐Substituted Five‐Membered Heteroarenes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Manuel Gemmeren
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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Chen H, Farizyan M, Ghiringhelli F, van Gemmeren M. Sterically Controlled C-H Olefination of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12213-12220. [PMID: 32267990 PMCID: PMC7384109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The regioselective functionalization of heteroarenes is a highly attractive synthetic target due to the prevalence of multiply substituted heteroarenes in nature and bioactive compounds. Some substitution patterns remain challenging: While highly efficient methods for the C2-selective olefination of 3-substituted five-membered heteroarenes have been reported, analogous methods to access the 5-olefinated products have remained limited by poor regioselectivities and/or the requirement to use an excess of the valuable heteroarene starting material. Herein we report a sterically controlled C-H olefination using heteroarenes as the limiting reagent. The method enables the highly C5-selective olefination of a wide range of heteroarenes and is shown to be useful in the context of late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Francesca Ghiringhelli
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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42
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Biswas A, Maity S, Pan S, Samanta R. Transition Metal‐Catalysed Direct C−H Bond Functionalizations of 2‐Pyridone Beyond C3‐Selectivity. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2092-2109. [PMID: 32500612 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Biswas
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal India
| | - Saurabh Maity
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal India
- Current Address: Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryGeorg-August University Goettingen 37077 Germany
| | - Subarna Pan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal India
| | - Rajarshi Samanta
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal India
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43
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Ban K, Yamamoto Y, Sajiki H, Sawama Y. Arylation of indoles using cyclohexanones dually-catalyzed by niobic acid and palladium-on-carbons. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3898-3902. [PMID: 32400844 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
3-Arylindoles were easily constructed from indoles and cyclohexanone derivatives using a combination of catalytic niobic acid-on-carbon (Nb2O5/C) and palladium-on-carbon (Pd/C) under heating conditions without any oxidants. The Lewis acidic Nb2O5/C promoted the nucleophilic addition of indoles to the cyclohexanones, and the subsequent dehydration and Pd/C-catalyzed dehydrogenation produced the 3-arylindoles. The additive 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene worked as a hydrogen acceptor to facilitate the dehydrogenation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ban
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigakunishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
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44
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Chen H, Farizyan M, Ghiringhelli F, Gemmeren M. Sterically Controlled C−H Olefination of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Francesca Ghiringhelli
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Manuel Gemmeren
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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45
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Türker F, Bereket İ, Barut Celepci D, Aktaş A, Gök Y. New Pd-PEPPSI complexes bearing meta-cyanobenzyl-Substituted NHC: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and catalytic activity in direct C–H arylation of (Hetero)arenes with aryl bromides. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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46
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Kaloğlu M, Kaloğlu N, Yıldırım İ, Özdemir N, Özdemir İ. Palladium-carbene catalyzed direct arylation of five-membered heteroaromatics. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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47
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Sasmal A, Bera JK, Doucet H, Soulé JF. Reactivity of antipyrine and haloantipyrines in Pd-catalyzed C H bond arylations. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Lessi M, Lucci A, Cuzzola A, Bellina F. Imidazo-Fused Isoindoles by Pd(II)/Ag(I)-Promoted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lessi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Antonio Lucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Angela Cuzzola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Fabio Bellina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
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49
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Sun Y, Li T. Fabrication and Application of Graphene Supported Diimine‐Palladium Complex Catalyst for Organic Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Sun
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510008 China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangdong Pharmaceutical University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 China
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50
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Chen W, Li HJ, Li QY, Wu YC. Direct oxidative coupling of N-acyl pyrroles with alkenes by ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed regioselective C2-alkenylation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:500-513. [PMID: 31850444 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02421b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed oxidative coupling by C2-alkenylation of N-acyl pyrroles with alkenes has been described. The acyl unit was found to be an effective chelating group for the activation of aryl C-H bonds ortho to the directing group. The alkenylation reaction of benzoyl pyrroles occurred regioselectively at the C2-position of the pyrrole ring, without touching the benzene ring. The reaction provides exclusively monosubstituted pyrroles under the optimized conditions. Disubstituted pyrroles could be obtained using higher loadings of the ruthenium(ii)-catalyst and the additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Weihai Road, Weihai 264209, P. R. China.
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