1
|
Wang SQ, Bon V, Darwish S, Wang SM, Yang QY, Xu Z, Kaskel S, Zaworotko MJ. Insight into the Gas-Induced Phase Transformations in a 2D Switching Coordination Network via Coincident Gas Sorption and In Situ PXRD. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2024; 6:666-673. [PMID: 38333599 PMCID: PMC10848331 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Switching coordination networks (CNs) that reversibly transform between narrow or closed pore (cp) and large pore (lp) phases, though fewer than their rigid counterparts, offer opportunities for sorption-related applications. However, their structural transformations and switching mechanisms remain underexplored at the molecular level. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation into a 2D switching CN, [Ni(bpy)2(NCS)2]n, sql-1-Ni-NCS (1 = bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine), using coincident gas sorption and in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) under low-temperature conditions. Gas adsorption measurements revealed that C2H4 (169 K) and C2H6 (185 K) exhibited single-step type F-IVs sorption isotherms with sorption uptakes of around 180-185 cm3 g-1, equivalent to four sorbate molecules per formula unit. Furthermore, parallel in situ PXRD experiments provided insight into sorbate-dependent phase switching during the sorption process. Specifically, CO2 sorption induced single-step phase switching (path I) solely between cp and lp phases consistent with the observed single-step type F-IVs sorption isotherm. By contrast, intermediate pore (ip) phases emerged during C2H4 and C2H6 desorption as well as C3H6 adsorption, although they remained undetectable in the sorption isotherms. To our knowledge, such a cp-lp-ip-cp transformation (path II) induced by C2H4/6 and accompanied by single-step type F-IVs sorption isotherms represents a novel type of phase transition mechanism in switching CNs. By virtue of Rietveld refinements and molecular simulations, we elucidated that the phase transformations are governed by cooperative local and global structural changes involving NCS- ligand reorientation, bpy ligand twist and rotation, cavity edge (Ni-bpy-Ni) deformation, and interlayer expansion and sliding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qiang Wang
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Shaza Darwish
- Bernal
Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Shao-Min Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Yang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zhengtao Xu
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Bernal
Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakanaka Y, Hiraide S, Sugawara I, Uematsu H, Kawaguchi S, Miyahara MT, Watanabe S. Generalised analytical method unravels framework-dependent kinetics of adsorption-induced structural transition in flexible metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6862. [PMID: 37938232 PMCID: PMC10632496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibiting adsorption-induced structural transition can revolutionise adsorption separation processes, including CO2 separation, which has become increasingly important in recent years. However, the kinetics of this structural transition remains poorly understood despite being crucial to process design. Here, the CO2-induced gate opening of ELM-11 ([Cu(BF4)2(4,4'-bipyridine)2]n) is investigated by time-resolved in situ X-ray powder diffraction, and a theoretical kinetic model of this process is developed to gain atomistic insight into the transition dynamics. The thus-developed model consists of the differential pressure from the gate opening (indicating the ease of structural transition) and reaction model terms (indicating the transition propagation within the crystal). The reaction model of ELM-11 is an autocatalytic reaction with two pathways for CO2 penetration of the framework. Moreover, gas adsorption analyses of two other flexible MOFs with different flexibilities indicate that the kinetics of the adsorption-induced structural transition is highly dependent on framework structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sakanaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hiraide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Iori Sugawara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hajime Uematsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Minoru T Miyahara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hiraide S, Sakanaka Y, Iida Y, Arima H, Miyahara MT, Watanabe S. Theoretical isotherm equation for adsorption-induced structural transition on flexible metal-organic frameworks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305573120. [PMID: 37487093 PMCID: PMC10401030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305573120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit an adsorption-induced structural transition known as "gate opening" or "breathing," resulting in an S-shaped adsorption isotherm. This unique feature of flexible MOFs offers significant advantages, such as a large working capacity, high selectivity, and intrinsic thermal management capability, positioning them as crucial candidates for revolutionizing adsorption separation processes. Therefore, the interest in the industrial applications of flexible MOFs is increasing, and the adsorption engineering for flexible MOFs is becoming important. However, despite the establishment of the theoretical background for adsorption-induced structural transitions, no theoretical equation is available to describe S-shaped adsorption isotherms of flexible MOFs. Researchers rely on various empirical equations for process simulations that can lead to unreliable outcomes or may overlook insights into improving material performance owing to parameters without physical meaning. In this study, we derive a theoretical equation based on statistical mechanics that could be a standard for the structural transition type adsorption isotherms, as the Langmuir equation represents type I isotherms. The versatility of the derived equation is shown through four examples of flexible MOFs that exhibit gate opening and breathing. The consistency of the formula with existing theories, including the osmotic free energy analysis and intrinsic thermal management capabilities, is also discussed. The developed theoretical equation may lead to more reliable and insightful outcomes in adsorption separation processes, further advancing the direction of industrial applications of flexible MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hiraide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakanaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuya Iida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Homare Arima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Minoru T. Miyahara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Walenszus F, Bon V, Evans JD, Krause S, Getzschmann J, Kaskel S, Dvoyashkin M. On the role of history-dependent adsorbate distribution and metastable states in switchable mesoporous metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3223. [PMID: 37270577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique feature of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in contrast to rigid nanoporous materials is their structural switchabilty offering a wide range of functionality for sustainable energy storage, separation and sensing applications. This has initiated a series of experimental and theoretical studies predominantly aiming at understanding the thermodynamic conditions to transform and release gas, but the nature of sorption-induced switching transitions remains poorly understood. Here we report experimental evidence for fluid metastability and history-dependent states during sorption triggering the structural change of the framework and leading to the counterintuitive phenomenon of negative gas adsorption (NGA) in flexible MOFs. Preparation of two isoreticular MOFs differing by structural flexibility and performing direct in situ diffusion studies aided by in situ X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and computational modelling, allowed assessment of n-butane molecular dynamics, phase state, and the framework response to obtain a microscopic picture for each step of the sorption process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Walenszus
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jack D Evans
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Simon Krause
- Nanochemistry department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Getzschmann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Muslim Dvoyashkin
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calorimetric study of the CO2 gate sorption of elastic layer-structured metal–organic frameworks (ELM-11 and ELM-12). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Bon V, Busov N, Senkovska I, Bönisch N, Abylgazina L, Khadiev A, Novikov D, Kaskel S. The importance of crystal size for breathing kinetics in MIL-53(Al). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10492-10495. [PMID: 36043355 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we analyze the switching kinetics of a breathing framework MIL-53(Al) with respect to different crystallite size regimes. Synchrotron time-resolved powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and adsorption rate analysis of n-butane physisorption at 298 K demonstrate the decisive role of crystal size affecting the time domain of breathing transitions in MIL-53(Al).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Bon
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nikita Busov
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nadine Bönisch
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Leila Abylgazina
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Azat Khadiev
- P23 group, Petra III Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Novikov
- P23 group, Petra III Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen K, Mousavi SH, Singh R, Snurr RQ, Li G, Webley PA. Gating effect for gas adsorption in microporous materials-mechanisms and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1139-1166. [PMID: 35040460 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, various microporous materials have been developed as useful adsorbents for gas adsorption for a wide range of industries. Considerable efforts have been made to regulate the pore accessibility in microporous materials for the manipulation of guest molecules' admission and release. It has long been known that some microporous adsorbents suddenly become highly accessible to guest molecules at specific conditions, e.g., above a threshold pressure or temperature. This anomalous adsorption behavior results from a gating effect, where a structural variation of the adsorbent leads to an abrupt change in the gas admission. This review summarizes the mechanisms of the gating effect, which can be a result of the deformation of the framework (e.g., expansion, contraction, reorientation, and sliding of the unit cells), the vibration of the pore-keeping groups (e.g., rotation, swing, and collapse of organic linkers), and the oscillation of the pore-keeping ions (e.g. cesium, potassium, etc.). These structural variations are induced either by the host-guest interaction or by an external stimulus, such as temperature or light, and account for the gating effect at a threshold value of the stimulus. Emphasis is given to the temperature-regulated gating effect, where the critical admission temperature is dictated by the combined effect of the gate opening and thermodynamic factors and plays a key role in regulating guest admission. Molecular simulations can improve our understanding of the gate opening/closing transitions at the atomic scale and enable the construction of quantitative models to describe the gated adsorption behaviour at the macroscale level. The gating effect in porous materials has been widely applied in highly selective gas separation and offers great potential for gas storage and sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifei Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Seyed Hesam Mousavi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ranjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul A Webley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hiraide S, Arima H, Tanaka H, Miyahara MT. Slacking of Gate Adsorption Behavior on Metal-Organic Frameworks under an External Force. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30213-30223. [PMID: 34143592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their gate adsorption behaviors are increasingly expected to be used in gas storage and separation systems, evaluating their performance by considering their usage patterns in actual processes is becoming increasingly important. Herein, we show that the shaping of the elastic layer-structured MOF-11 (ELM-11; [Cu(BF4)2(4,4'-bipyridine)2]) into pellet forms using polymer binders smears its stepwise uptake associated with the CO2 gate adsorption. This is a critical problem because the superior adsorption properties of flexible MOFs are highly dependent on the sharpness of the step. Free energy analysis by molecular simulations revealed that the slacking of the gate adsorption is natural from a thermodynamic point of view. In other words, the external force exerted by the polymer binders, which prevents the expansion of MOF particles upon the gate opening, changes the free energy landscape of the system. This causes the flexible motifs within the MOF particles to undergo a structural transition at slightly different pressures from each other. The force profile dependence of the slacking phenomenon on both adsorption and desorption isotherms was also investigated. It was revealed that controlling the force profile applied to MOF particles is important to mold MOF pellets that satisfy the robustness and sharpness of the gate adsorption. Finally, we examined the coating of pellets to verify the relationship between the force profile and the degree of slacking and discussed possible strategies to improve the sharpness of the gate adsorption on MOF pellets considering the revealed mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hiraide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Homare Arima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8533, Japan
| | - Minoru T Miyahara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang SQ, Meng XQ, Vandichel M, Darwish S, Chang Z, Bu XH, Zaworotko MJ. High Working Capacity Acetylene Storage at Ambient Temperature Enabled by a Switching Adsorbent Layered Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23877-23883. [PMID: 33983706 PMCID: PMC8289182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most gases, acetylene storage is a challenge because of its inherent pressure sensitivity. Herein, a square lattice (sql) coordination network [Cu(4,4'-bipyridine)2(BF4)2]n (sql-1-Cu-BF4) is investigated with respect to its C2H2 sorption behavior from 189 to 298 K. The C2H2 sorption studies revealed that sql-1-Cu-BF4 exhibits multistep isotherms that are temperature-dependent and consistent with the transformation from "closed" (nonporous) to four "open" (porous) phases induced by the C2H2 uptake. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used to calculate the performance of sql-1-Cu-BF4 for C2H2 storage at pressures >1 bar, which revealed that its volumetric working capacity at 288 K is slightly superior to acetone (174 vs 170 cm3 cm-3) over a safer pressure range (1-3.5 vs 1-15 bar). Molecular simulations provided insights into the observed switching phenomena, revealing that the layer expansion of sql-1-Cu-BF4 occurs via intercalation and inclusion of C2H2. These results indicate that switching adsorbent layered materials offer promise for utility in the context of C2H2 storage and delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qiang Wang
- Bernal
Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Xiao-Qing Meng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Matthias Vandichel
- Bernal
Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Shaza Darwish
- Bernal
Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ze Chang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Bernal
Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hiraide S, Sakanaka Y, Kajiro H, Kawaguchi S, Miyahara MT, Tanaka H. High-throughput gas separation by flexible metal-organic frameworks with fast gating and thermal management capabilities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3867. [PMID: 32747638 PMCID: PMC7400644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing new energy-saving systems for gas separation using porous materials is indispensable for ensuring a sustainable future. Herein, we show that ELM-11 ([Cu(BF4)2(4,4'-bipyridine)2]n), a member of flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), exhibits rapid responsiveness to a gas feed and an 'intrinsic thermal management' capability originating from a structural deformation upon gas adsorption (gate-opening). These two characteristics are suitable for developing a pressure vacuum swing adsorption (PVSA) system with rapid operations. A combined experimental and theoretical study reveals that ELM-11 enables the high-throughput separation of CO2 from a CO2/CH4 gas mixture through adiabatic operations, which are extreme conditions in rapid pressure vacuum swing adsorption. We also propose an operational solution to the 'slipping-off' problem, which is that the flexible MOFs cannot adsorb target molecules when the partial pressure of the target gas decreases below the gate-opening pressure. Furthermore, the superiority of our proposed system over conventional systems is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hiraide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakanaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajiro
- Nippon Steel Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba, 293-8511, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Minoru T Miyahara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawaguchi S, Takemoto M, Tanaka H, Hiraide S, Sugimoto K, Kubota Y. Fast continuous measurement of synchrotron powder diffraction synchronized with controlling gas and vapour pressures at beamline BL02B2 of SPring-8. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:616-624. [PMID: 32381761 PMCID: PMC7285677 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A gas- and vapour-pressure control system synchronized with the continuous data acquisition of millisecond high-resolution powder diffraction measurements was developed to study structural change processes in gas storage and reaction materials such as metal organic framework compounds, zeolite and layered double hydroxide. The apparatus, which can be set up on beamline BL02B2 at SPring-8, mainly comprises a pressure control system of gases and vapour, a gas cell for a capillary sample, and six one-dimensional solid-state (MYTHEN) detectors. The pressure control system can be remotely controlled via developed software connected to a diffraction measurement system and can be operated in the closed gas and vapour line system. By using the temperature-control system on the sample, high-resolution powder diffraction data can be obtained under gas and vapour pressures ranging from 1 Pa to 130 kPa in temperatures ranging from 30 to 1473 K. This system enables one to perform automatic and high-throughput in situ X-ray powder diffraction experiments even at extremely low pressures. Furthermore, this developed system is useful for studying crystal structures during the adsorption/desorption processes, as acquired by millisecond and continuous powder diffraction measurements. The acquisition of diffraction data can be synchronized with the control of the pressure with a high frame rate of up to 100 Hz. In situ and time-resolved powder diffraction measurements are demonstrated for nanoporous Cu coordination polymer in various gas and vapour atmospheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kawaguchi
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Michitaka Takemoto
- Engineering Support Group, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hiraide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kubota
- Department of Physical Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gatiatulin AK, Ziganshin MA, Gorbatchuk VV. Smart Molecular Recognition: From Key-to-Lock Principle to Memory-Based Selectivity. Front Chem 2020; 7:933. [PMID: 32039152 PMCID: PMC6990106 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and decomposition of inclusion compounds with a solid-solid phase transition may be very selective to the guest molecular structure. This selectivity may function in essentially different ways than defined by the classical concept of molecular recognition, which implies the preferential binding of complementary molecules. Solid inclusion compounds may take part as an initial or/and final state in several processes of different types summarized in this review, which selectivity is boosted by cooperativity of participating molecular crystals. Some of these processes resemble switching electronic devices and can be called smart giving practically absolute molecular recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valery V. Gorbatchuk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, A. M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanaka H, Miyahara MT. Free energy calculations for adsorption-induced deformation of flexible metal–organic frameworks. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Petkov PS, Bon V, Hobday CL, Kuc AB, Melix P, Kaskel S, Düren T, Heine T. Conformational isomerism controls collective flexibility in metal-organic framework DUT-8(Ni). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:674-680. [PMID: 30542683 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06600k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination networks with organic ligands containing potential voids. Some MOFs show pronounced structural flexibility that may result in closing and re-opening these pores. Here, we show that collective flexibility in a MOF-DUT-8(Ni) - is controlled by conformational isomerism. DUT-8(Ni), a pillared-layer MOF with Ni2 paddle-wheels, dabco pillars and naphthalene dicarboxylate (ndc) linkers, can crystallize in many conformational isomers that depend on the orientation of the non-linear ndc linkers with respect to each other. While the open form is compatible with several of these conformations, only one of them, with alternating linker orientations, is stable as the closed form. We show, by means of first principles calculations, that in the stable closed form, the appreciable lattice strain is compensated by London-dispersion forces between the ndc linkers that arrange with maximum overlap in a stacking order similar to the stacking in graphite. We substantiate these results by well-tempered metadynamics calculations on the DFT-based Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surface, by refined X-ray diffraction data and by nitrogen adsorption data obtained by experiment and grand-canonical Monte-Carlo simulations based on the DFT-optimized and PXRD-derived geometries. While the reported origin of flexibility cannot be generalized to all flexible MOFs, it offers a rational design concept of folding mechanisms in switchable MOFs by exploitation of the stabilization effect of linker stacking in the closed form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petko St Petkov
- University of Sofia, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1126, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng S, Wu Y, Jin J, Liu J, Wu D, Yang G, Wang YY. New multifunctional 3D porous metal–organic framework with selective gas adsorption, efficient chemical fixation of CO2 and dye adsorption. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7612-7618. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01249d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new porous Mn(ii)-based MOF was obtained. The studies indicated it exhibits an effective storage capacity for CO2, highly efficient catalyst behavior for epoxides with different substituents and rapid adsorption behavior of different dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Yunlong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Guoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kultaeva A, Bon V, Weiss MS, Pöppl A, Kaskel S. Elucidating the Formation and Transformation Mechanisms of the Switchable Metal-Organic Framework ELM-11 by Powder and Single-Crystal EPR Study. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11920-11929. [PMID: 30207461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the synthesis conditions on the structure and guest-responsive properties of a "gate pressure" metal-organic framework (MOF) with composition [Cu(4,4'-bipy)2(BF4)2] n (4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine), also known as ELM-11 (ELM = elastic layer material) was investigated. Two different batches of ELM-11, synthesized from water-methanol and water-acetonitrile solutions, have been entirely characterized by PXRD, nitrogen (77 K) and carbon dioxide (195 K) physisorption, elemental analysis, DRIFT, TG, and SEM. Both ELM-11 samples were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in order to follow the change in the local structure of the copper ion during the activation and resolvation. Continuous wave X-band EPR measurements on powder samples provided an elongated octahedral coordination symmetry of the cupric ions and revealed different axial ligands in the as-synthesized and activated forms in both bulk samples of ELM-11. One of the procedures was amended in order to slow down the crystallization that allows isolation of single crystals of two polymorphic modifications of Cu-4,4'-bipyridine coordination polymers, namely [Cu(4,4'-bipy)2(CH3CN)2](BF4)2 and [Cu2O(4,4'-bipy)3(CH3CN)4](BF4)2, one of which shows a crystal structure similar to that of ELM-11. Further single-crystal EPR experiments on the as-synthesized material [Cu(4,4'-bipy)2(CH3CN)2](BF4)2 revealed the orientation of the g tensor of the cupric ions and proved that layers of acetonitrile-synthesized ELM-11 are arranged perpendicularly to the crystallographic c axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kultaeva
- Leipzig University , Institute for Experimental Physics II , Linnestrasse 5 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Technische Universität Dresden , Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Bergstrasse 66 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Manfred S Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Macromolecular Crystallography Group , Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Pöppl
- Leipzig University , Institute for Experimental Physics II , Linnestrasse 5 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Technische Universität Dresden , Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Bergstrasse 66 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kavoosi N, Bon V, Senkovska I, Krause S, Atzori C, Bonino F, Pallmann J, Paasch S, Brunner E, Kaskel S. Tailoring adsorption induced phase transitions in the pillared-layer type metal-organic framework DUT-8(Ni). Dalton Trans 2018; 46:4685-4695. [PMID: 28332683 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring the characteristics of gating transitions in the porous network, Ni2(ndc)2dabco (ndc = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), also termed DUT-8(Ni) (DUT = Dresden University of Technology), was achieved by systematically adjusting the critical synthesis parameters. The impact of the starting composition and solvent mixtures in the synthesis was found to critically affect the guest-response properties of the obtained materials. A comprehensive set of physical characterization methods, namely thermal analysis, 1H NMR of digested crystals, solid state 13C NMR, PXRD, SEM, IR and Raman spectroscopy shows that the crystallite size is a crucial factor, determining the differing characteristics such as "gate pressure" and adsorption capacity in the guest-responsive switching behaviour of DUT-8. Crystallites smaller than 500 nm in size retain the open form after removal of the guest molecules resulting in typical "Type Ia" isotherm, whereas crystallites larger than 1 μm transform into the "closed pore" form and therefore can show a characteristic "gate opening" behaviour during gas adsorption. The particle size distribution of DUT-8(Ni) can be tailored by changing the synthesis conditions and consequently the slope of the isotherm at the "gating step" is affected. The in depth analysis of synthesis conditions and switching behaviour is an important step towards a better understanding of the fundamental principles responsible for guest responsive porosity switching in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Kavoosi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Simon Krause
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cesare Atzori
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via G. Quarello 15, I-10135 and Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonino
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via G. Quarello 15, I-10135 and Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Julia Pallmann
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang SQ, Yang QY, Mukherjee S, O’Nolan D, Patyk-Kaźmierczak E, Chen KJ, Shivanna M, Murray C, Tang CC, Zaworotko MJ. Recyclable switching between nonporous and porous phases of a square lattice (sql) topology coordination network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7042-7045. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 2D switching material holds great potential for exceptional working capacity of gas storage.
Collapse
|
19
|
He CT, Ye ZM, Xu YT, Xie Y, Lian XL, Zhang JP, Chen XM. A flexible metal–organic framework with adaptive pores for high column-capacity gas chromatographic separation. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new zinc pyrazolyl-carboxylate framework with multi-mode and adaptive flexibility has been synthesized for efficient gas chromatographic separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- 510275
| | - Zi-Ming Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- 510275
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- 510275
| | - Yi Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- 510275
| | - Xin-Lu Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- 510275
| | - Jie-Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- 510275
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- 510275
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hiraide S, Tanaka H, Ishikawa N, Miyahara MT. Intrinsic Thermal Management Capabilities of Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Separation and Capture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41066-41077. [PMID: 29068227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibiting "gate openings/closings" for CO2 can intrinsically suppress the exothermic heat released by adsorption and the endothermic heat gained by desorption, both of which reduce the working capacity of CO2 in a separation process under near-adiabatic conditions. We use the elastic layer-structured metal-organic framework-11 (ELM-11) [Cu(4,4'-bipyridine)2(BF4)2], which exhibits a two-step gate-adsorption isotherm, as a model system for flexible MOFs, and perform free energy analyses with the aid of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations for ELM-11 structures that were determined by the Rietveld method using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. We demonstrate that the thermal management capabilities of ELM-11 showing the two-step gating for CO2 at lower and higher pressures are nearly identical and quite effective (41% and 44% at 298 K, respectively). Moreover, we show that ELM-11 has an extremely high CO2 selectivity for both CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 mixtures at 298 K that, in addition to the intrinsic thermal management capability, is a crucial factor for application to carbon capture and storage (CCS). The multigate closing pressures of ELM-11 are not necessarily matched to the operating pressures used in CCS; however, our findings, and perspectives based on free energy analyses regarding modification of the host framework structure to tune the gating pressure, suggest that flexible MOFs exhibiting multigate openings/closings are promising materials for further development into systems with intrinsic thermal management mechanisms for CCS applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hiraide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Narutomo Ishikawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Minoru T Miyahara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ichikawa M, Kondo A, Noguchi H, Kojima N, Ohba T, Kajiro H, Hattori Y, Kanoh H. Double-Step Gate Phenomenon in CO2 Sorption of an Elastic Layer-Structured MOF. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9722-9726. [PMID: 27599535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A double-step CO2 sorption by [Cu(4,4'-bpy)2(BF4)2] (ELM-11) was observed during isothermal measurements at 195, 253, 273, and 298 K and was accompanied by interlayer expansion in the layered structure of ELM-11. The first step occurred in the range of the relative pressure (P/P0) from 10(-3) to 10(-2). The second step was observed at P/P0 ≈ 0.3 at the four temperatures. Structural changes in ELM-11 during the CO2 sorption process were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The structural change for the first step was well understood from a detailed structural analysis, as reported previously. The XRD results showed further expansion of the layers during the second step as compared to the already expanded structure in the first step, and both steps were found to be caused by the gate phenomenon. The energy for the expansion of the layer structure was estimated from experimental and simulated data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manami Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kondo
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kojima
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ohba
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajiro
- Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation , Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba 293-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hattori
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University , Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kanoh
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li L, Krishna R, Wang Y, Wang X, Yang J, Li J. Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks with Discriminatory Gate-Opening Effect for the Separation of Acetylene from Ethylene/Acetylene Mixtures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 030024 Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Rajamani Krishna
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 030024 Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 030024 Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 030024 Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Jinping Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; 030024 Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|