Trends of Antihypertensive, Antidiabetic, and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Use among the Health Workers Cohort Study, Mexico 2004 to 2018

Background

Hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases in Mexico and worldwide. According to international practice management guidelines, the principal chronic management therapy is daily oral medication.

Aim

We aim to describe the trends of antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs use among the Mexican adult population from 2004-2018.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Health Workers Cohort Study (HWCS) for males and females aged >18 years. We calculated the prevalence of chronic diseases and utilization for every kind of antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and NSAIDs (measured by self-reported utilization) at baseline and two follow-ups (2004, 2010, and 2017). Trends were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.

Results

Hypertension prevalence increased from 19.8 to 30.3%, higher than T2D prevalence from 7.0 to 12.8% through fourteen years of follow-up. Like the self-reported dual therapy, the proportion of patients using beta-blockers and angiotensin II receptor blockers increased. Regarding T2D, the prevalence of metformin utilization increased to 83.9%. The utilization of common NSAIDs, mainly for muscular pain, remained around 13 to 16%.

Conclusions

Our findings showed a changing prevalence of drug utilization for hypertension and T2D between 2004 and 2018 and consistent use of NSAIDs in the adult Mexican population.

A Microporous Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5 with Super High Ethane Uptake for Efficient Selective Adsorption and Separation of Light Hydrocarbons

Separating light hydrocarbons (C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10) from CH4 is challenging but important for natural gas upgrading. A microporous metal-organic framework, Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5, based on terephthalic acid (bdc) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (ted) ligands, is synthesized and characterized through various techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and porosity analysis. The adsorption isotherms of light hydrocarbons on the material are measured and the isosteric adsorption heats of CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10 are calculated. The prediction of C2-4/C1 adsorption selectivities is accomplished using ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The results indicate that the material exhibits exceptional characteristics, including a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1904 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.73 cm3/g. Notably, the material demonstrates remarkable C2H6 adsorption capacities (4.9 mmol/g), while CH4 uptake remains minimal at 0.4 mmol/g at 298 K and 100 kPa. These findings surpass those of most reported MOFs, highlighting the material's outstanding performance. The isosteric adsorption heats of C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10 on the Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5 are higher than CH4, suggesting a stronger interaction between C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10 molecules and Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5. The molecular simulation reveals that Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5 prefers to adsorb hydrocarbon molecules with richer C-H bonds and larger polarizability, which results in a stronger dispersion force generated by an adsorbent-adsorbate induced polarization effect. Therefore, the selectivity of C4H10/CH4 is up to 180 at 100 kPa, C3H8/CH4 selectivity is 67, and the selectivity of C2H6/CH4 is 13, showing a great potential for separating C2-4 over methane.

A two-dimensional calcium (II) coordination polymer constructed from 2,2'-[terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)]diacetate: synthesis, structure and properties

A new two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymer, namely, poly[[diaqua-[μ₄-2,2'-[terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)]diacetato]calcium(II)] monohydrate], {[Ca(C₁₂H₁₀N₂O₆)(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n, (I), has been synthesized by the reaction of CaCl₂ with 2,2'-[terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)]diacetic acid (H₂L). The title compound was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. In the crystal structure of (I), each Ca^II cation binds to six carboxylate groups from four symmetry-related L^2- dianions. The hexadentate L^2- ligand links four symmetry-related calcium cations into a 2D layer-like structure, which can be simplified as a uninodal SP 2-periodic (3,6)III net with the point symbol (4³·6³). In the lattice, all layers pack in parallel arrays through weak interlayer hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. The thermal stability and photoluminescence properties of (I) have been investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals the different thermal stabilities of the two coordinated water molecules due to their different hydrogen-bonding interactions. The title coordination polymer exhibits an excitation-wavelength-dependent fluorescence in the solid state.

Calcium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Potential Applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) built on calcium metal (Ca-MOFs) represent a unique subclass of MOFs featuring high stability, low toxicity, and relatively low density. Ca-MOFs show considerable potential for molecular separations, electronic, magnetic, and biomedical applications, although they are not investigated as extensively as transition metal-based MOFs. Compared to MOFs made of other groups of metals, Ca-MOFs may be particularly advantageous for certain applications such as adsorption and storage of light molecules because of their gravimetric benefit, and drug delivery due to their high biocompatibility. This review intends to provide an overview on the recent development of Ca-MOFs, including their synthesis, crystal structures, important properties, and related applications. Various synthetic methods and techniques, types of building blocks, structure and porosity features, selected physical properties, and potential uses will be discussed and summarized. Representative examples will be illustrated for each type of important applications with a focus on their structure-property relations.

A Zn-MOF constructed from electron-rich π-conjugated ligands with an interpenetrated graphene-like net as an efficient nitroaromatic sensor

A π-electron conjugated ligand has been employed in a Zn-MOF efficient fluorescent sensor for determining electron-deficient nitroaromatics.