1
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Hädinger P, Müller MP, Hinz A. Synthesis and Reactivity of Base-Stabilized and Base-Free Silaimidoyl Bromides. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1997-2004. [PMID: 38207101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of the base-free bromosilylene dtbpCbzSiBr (dtbpCbz = 1,8-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazolyl) toward carbodiimides and azides was studied in order to generate base-stabilized and base-free silaimidoyl bromides, respectively. The steric bulk of carbodiimides and azides allows control over the reactivity. While with small substituents such as tert-butyl or adamantyl, the reactions cannot be stopped at the Si═N stage, with large substituents, they lead to C-H activation in the product. The Dipp substituent (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) allowed the isolation of the silaimidoyl bromide dtbpCbzSi(Br)NDipp and its CNDipp-coordinated analogue. The reactivity of the Si═N double bond species was studied with respect to cycloaddition and donor exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hädinger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian P Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Bisai MK, Sharma V, Gonnade RG, Sen SS. Reactivities of Silaimines with Boranes: From Cooperative B–H Bond Activation to Donor Stabilized Silyl Cation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Bisai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Reiter D, Frisch P, Wendel D, Hörmann FM, Inoue S. Oxidation reactions of a versatile, two-coordinate, acyclic iminosiloxysilylene. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7060-7068. [PMID: 32400807 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their outstanding reactivity, acyclic silylenes have emerged as attractive organosilicon alternatives for transition metal complexes on the way to metal-free catalysis. However, exploration of their reactivity is still in its infancy, as only a few derivatives of this unique compound class have been isolated so far. Here, we present the results of an extensive reactivity investigation of the previously reported acyclic iminosiloxysilylene 1. Divalent silylene 1 proved to be a versatile building block for a plethora of novel organosilicon compounds. Thus, not only the activation of the rather challenging targets NH3 and P4 could be achieved, but also the conversion into a reactive donor-free silaimine, which itself turned out to be a useful reagent for small molecule activation. In addition, 1 served as an excellent precursor for gaining access to donor-stabilized heavier carbonyl compounds. Our results thus provide further insights into the chemistry of low-valent silicon at the interface between carbon and transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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4
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Koike T, Kosai T, Iwamoto T. 1,4‐Dehydrogenation with a Two‐Coordinate Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)silylene. Chemistry 2019; 25:9295-9302. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kosai
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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5
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Keuter J, Hepp A, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Synthese einer NHC‐koordinierten Siliciumringverbindung mit Si=N‐Gruppe und einem zweifachkoordinierten Siliciumatom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut und Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
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6
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Maiti A, Mandal D, Omlor I, Dhara D, Klemmer L, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D, Jana A. Equilibrium Coordination of NHCs to Si(IV) Species and Donor Exchange in Donor-Acceptor Stabilized Si(II) and Ge(II) Compounds. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4071-4075. [PMID: 30860359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the reversible coordination of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), NHC iPr2Me2 (NHC iPr2Me2 = 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene), to silicon(IV)-halides, SiCl4, MeSiCl3, Me2SiCl2, and Me3SiCl. Predicted as well as experimentally determined thermodynamic parameters of these equilibria confirm that the complexation constant increases with the Lewis acidity of the silicon halides. In contrast, the more σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbene, NHCMe4 (NHCMe4 = 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene), does not show any signs of dissociation from the corresponding SiCl4 and Me2SiCl2 adducts even at higher temperatures. As a consequence, NHC iPr2Me2 in donor-acceptor stabilized Si(II)- and Ge(II)-dimethyl complexes, NHC iPr2Me2·GeMe2·Fe(CO)4 and NHC iPr2Me2·SiMe2·Fe(CO)4, is readily replaced by NHCMe4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad - 500107 , India
| | - Debdeep Mandal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad - 500107 , India
| | - Isabell Omlor
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad - 500107 , India
| | - Lukas Klemmer
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad , Gopanpally , Hyderabad - 500107 , India
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7
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Keuter J, Hepp A, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Facile Access to an NHC-Coordinated Silicon Ring Compound with a Si=N Group and a Two-Coordinate Silicon Atom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4395-4399. [PMID: 30604915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the bicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilatetraamide Si4 {N(SiMe3 )Dipp}4 1 (Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with 5 equiv of the N-heterocyclic carbene NHCMe4 (1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) affords a bifunctional carbene-coordinated four-membered-ring compound with a Si=N group and a two-coordinate silicon atom Si4 {N(SiMe3 )Dipp}2 (NHCMe4 )2 (NDipp) 2. When 2 reacts with 0.25 equiv sulfur (S8 ), two sulfur atoms add to the divalent silicon atom in plane and perpendicular to the plane of the Si4 ring, which confirms the silylone character of the two-coordinate silicon atom in 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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8
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Yuvaraj K, Jones C. Synthesis and reactivity of boryl substituted silaimines. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11961-11965. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two bulky N-boryl substituted silaimines have been prepared and their reactivity toward a number of small molecule substrates examined (e.g. see picture, Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry
- PO Box 23
- Monash University
- Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry
- PO Box 23
- Monash University
- Australia
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9
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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10
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Dhara D, Vijayakanth T, Barman MK, Naik KPK, Chrysochos N, Yildiz CB, Boomishankar R, Schulzke C, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. NHC-stabilized 1-hydrosilaimine: synthesis, structure and reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:8592-8595. [PMID: 28718477 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile, straightforward synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilized 1-hydrosilaimine starting from a silicon(iv)-precursor is reported. It has been employed for the addition of an O-H bond of water under ambient conditions without any additional catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad-500075, India.
| | - Thangavel Vijayakanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Milan Kr Barman
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad-500075, India.
| | - Khevath Praveen Kumar Naik
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad-500075, India.
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Institut für Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Aksaray, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad-500075, India.
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11
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Cui H, Teng P, Zhang E, Lu J, Zhang F, Wu M. Synthesis of a Dichlorosilaimine Coordinated by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene from ArN(SiMe3
)SiHCl2. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Peng Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Enbin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Meng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Jiangsu 210008 China
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12
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Cui H, Wu M, Teng P. Reactivity of an NHC-Stabilized Silylene towards Lewis Acids and Lewis Bases. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science; College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Meng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture; Institute of Soil Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 210008 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Peng Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science; College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095 Nanjing P. R. China
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13
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Cui H, Zhang J, Tao Y, Cui C. Controlled Oxidation of an NHC-Stabilized Phosphinoaminosilylene with Dioxygen. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:46-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cui
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Chunming Cui
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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