1
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Ren W, Schulz CE, Shroyer MH, Xu W, Xi S, An P, Guo W, Li J. Electronic Configurations and the Effect of Peripheral Substituents of (Nitrosyl)iron Corroles. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20385-20396. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Ren
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqi Lake, Huairou District, Beijing101408, P. R. China
| | - Charles E. Schulz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois61401, United States
| | - Mark H. Shroyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois61401, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100049, P. R. China
- RICMASS, Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes, Via dei Sabelli 119A, Rome00185, Italy
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore627833, Singapore
| | - Pengfei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Guo
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing101400, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqi Lake, Huairou District, Beijing101408, P. R. China
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2
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Phung QM, Muchammad Y, Yanai T, Ghosh A. A DMRG/CASPT2 Investigation of Metallocorroles: Quantifying Ligand Noninnocence in Archetypal 3d and 4d Element Derivatives. JACS AU 2021; 1:2303-2314. [PMID: 34984418 PMCID: PMC8717376 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) theory have been used to quantitatively compare the degree of ligand noninnocence (corrole radical character) in seven archetypal metallocorroles. The seven complexes, in decreasing order of corrole noninnocent character, are Mn[Cor]Cl > Fe[Cor]Cl > Fe[Cor](NO) > Mo[Cor]Cl2 > Ru[Cor](NO) ≈ Mn[Cor]Ph ≈ Fe[Cor]Ph ≈ 0, where [Cor] refers to the unsubstituted corrolato ligand. DMRG-based second-order perturbation theory calculations have also yielded detailed excited-state energetics data on the compounds, shedding light on periodic trends involving middle transition elements. Thus, whereas the ground state of Fe[Cor](NO) (S = 0) is best described as a locally S = 1/2 {FeNO}7 unit antiferromagnetically coupled to a corrole A' radical, the calculations confirm that Ru[Cor](NO) may be described as simply {RuNO}6-Cor3-, that is, having an innocent corrole macrocycle. Furthermore, whereas the ferromagnetically coupled S = 1{FeNO}7-Cor•2- state of Fe[Cor](NO) is only ∼17.5 kcal/mol higher than the S = 0 ground state, the analogous triplet state of Ru[Cor](NO) is higher by a far larger margin (37.4 kcal/mol) relative to the ground state. In the same vein, Mo[Cor]Cl2 exhibits an adiabatic doublet-quartet gap of 36.1 kcal/mol. The large energy gaps associated with metal-ligand spin coupling in Ru[Cor](NO) and Mo[Cor]Cl2 reflect the much greater covalent character of 4d-π interactions relative to analogous interactions involving 3d orbitals. As far as excited-state energetics is concerned, DMRG-CASPT2 calculations provide moderate validation for hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) for qualitative purposes, but underscore the possibility of large errors (>10 kcal/mol) in interstate energy differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Manh Phung
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasin Muchammad
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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3
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Conradie J, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Iridium(VII)-Corrole Terminal Carbides Should Exist as Stable Compounds. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2021; 2:159-163. [PMID: 36855452 PMCID: PMC9955125 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scalar-relativistic DFT calculations with multiple exchange-correlation functionals and large basis sets foreshadow the existence of stable iridium(VII)-corrole terminal carbide derivatives. For the parent compound Ir[Cor](C), OLYP/STO-TZ2P calculations predict a short Ir-C bond distance of 1.69 Å, a moderately domed macrocycle with no indications of ligand noninnocence, a surprisingly low electron affinity of ∼1.1 eV, and a substantial singlet-triplet gap of ∼1.8 eV. These results, and their essential invariance with respect to the choice of the exchange-correlation functional, lead us to posit that Ir(VII)-corrole terminal carbide complexes should be isolable and indefinitely stable under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Abraham B. Alemayehu
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,
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4
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Vazquez-Lima H, Conradie J, Johansen MAL, Martinsen SR, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Heavy-element-ligand covalence: ligand noninnocence in molybdenum and tungsten Viking-helmet Corroles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12843-12849. [PMID: 34473174 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01970h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extensive DFT calculations with several exchange-correlation functionals indicate that molybdenum-dichlorido Viking helmet corroles are noninnocent with significant MoIV-corrole˙2- character. The effect is mediated by a Mo(4d)-corrole(π) orbital interaction similar to that postulated for MnCl, FeCl and FeNO corroles. The effect also appears to operate in tungsten-dichlorido corroles but is weaker relative to that for Mo. In contrast, MoO triarylcorroles do not exhibit a significant degree of corrole radical character. Furthermore, the Soret absorption maxima of a series of MoCl2 tris(para-X-phenyl)corrole derivatives were found to redshift dramatically with increasing electron-donating character of the para substituent X, essentially clinching the case for a noninnocent macrocycle in MoCl2 corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. .,Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edif. IC9, CU, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Martin A L Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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5
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Alemayehu AB, Einrem RF, McCormick-McPherson LJ, Settineri NS, Ghosh A. Synthesis and molecular structure of perhalogenated rhenium-oxo corroles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19727. [PMID: 33184456 PMCID: PMC7665048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our efforts to develop rhenium-oxo corroles as photosensitizers for oxygen sensing and photodynamic therapy, we investigated the potential β-perhalogenation of five ReO meso-tris(para-X-phenyl)corroles, Re[TpXPC](O) (X = CF3, H, F, CH3, and OCH3), with elemental chlorine and bromine. With Cl2, β-octachlorinated products Re[Cl8TpXPC](O) were rapidly obtained for X = CF3, H, and CH3, but X = OCH3 resulted in overchlorination on the meso-aryl groups. Full β-octabromination proved slower relative to Cu and Ir corroles, but the desired Re[Br8TpXPC](O) products were finally obtained for X = H and F after a week at room temperature. For X = CH3 and OCH3, these conditions led to undecabrominated products Re[Br11TpXPC](O). Compared to the β-unsubstituted starting materials, the β-octahalogenated products were found to exhibit sharp 1H NMR signals at room temperature, indicating that the aryl groups are locked in place by the β-halogens, and substantially redshifted Soret and Q bands. Single-crystal X-ray structures of Re[Cl8TpCF3PC](O), Re[Cl8TpCH3PC](O), and Re[Br8TpFPC](O) revealed mild saddling for one Cl8 structure and the Br8 structure. These structural variations, however, appear too insignificant to explain the slowness of the β-octabromination protocols, which seems best attributed to the deactivating influence of the high-valent Re center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune F Einrem
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Nicholas S Settineri
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-8229, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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6
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Pierloot K, Phung QM, Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Neutral and Anionic Iron–Nitrosyl Corrole. A Multiconfigurational and Density Matrix Renormalization Group Investigation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11493-11502. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Pierloot
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Quan Manh Phung
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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7
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Osterloh WR, Desbois N, Quesneau V, Brandès S, Fleurat-Lessard P, Fang Y, Blondeau-Patissier V, Paolesse R, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Old Dog, New Tricks: Innocent, Five-coordinate Cyanocobalt Corroles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8562-8579. [PMID: 32452674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three mono-CN ligated anionic cobalt A3-triarylcorroles were synthesized and investigated as to their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties in CH2Cl2, pyridine (Py), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The newly synthesized corroles provide the first examples of air-stable cobalt corroles with an anionic axial ligand and are represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)]-TBA+, where Cor is the trivalent corrole macrocycle, Ar is p-(CN)Ph, p-(CF3)Ph, or p-(OMe)Ph, and TBA+ is the tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) cation. Multiple redox reactions are observed for each mono-CN derivative with a key feature being a more facile first oxidation and a more difficult first reduction in all three solvents as compared to all previously examined corroles with similar meso- and β-pyrrole substituents. Formation constants (log K) for conversion of the five-coordinate mono-CN complex to its six-coordinate bis-CN form ranged from 102.8 for Ar = p-(OMe)Ph to 104.7 for Ar = p-(CN)Ph in DMSO as determined by spectroscopic methodologies. The in situ generated bis-CN complexes, represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)2]2-(TBA+)2, and the mixed ligand complexes, represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)(Py)]-TBA+, were also investigated as to their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties. UV-visible spectra and electrode reactions of the synthesized mono-CN derivatives are compared with the neutral mono-DMSO cobalt corrole complexes and the in situ generated bis-CN and bis-Py complexes, and the noninnocent (or innocent) nature of each cobalt corrole system is addressed. The data demonstrate the ability of the CN- axial ligand(s) to stabilize the high-valent forms of the metallocorrole, leading to systems with innocent macrocyclic ligands. Although a number of six-coordinate cobalt(III) corroles with N-donor ligands were characterized in the solid state, a dissociation of one axial ligand readily occurs in nonaqueous solvents, and this behavior contrasts with the high stability of the currently studied bis-CN adducts in CH2Cl2, pyridine, or DMSO. Linear free energy relationships were elucidated between the meso-phenyl Hammett substituent constants (Σσ) and the measured binding constants, the redox potentials, and the energy of the band positions in the mono-CN and bis-CN complexes in their neutral or singly oxidized forms, revealing highly predictable trends in the physicochemical properties of the anionic corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Valentin Quesneau
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
| | - Virginie Blondeau-Patissier
- Department Time-Frequency, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST (UMR CNRS 6174), 26 Chemin de l'épitaphe, Besançon Cedex 25030, France
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Claude P Gros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
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8
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Thomas K, Settineri NS, Teat SJ, Steene E, Ghosh A. Molecular Structure of Copper and μ-Oxodiiron Octafluorocorrole Derivatives: Insights into Ligand Noninnocence. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10176-10182. [PMID: 32391505 PMCID: PMC7203988 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal X-ray structures were obtained for the copper and μ-oxodiiron complexes of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octafluoro-5,10,15-triphenylcorrole, hereafter denoted as Cu[F8TPC] and {Fe[F8TPC]}2O. A comparison with the crystal structures of other undecasubstituted Cu corroles, including those with H, Ar, Br, I, and CF3 as β-substituents, showed that the degree of saddling increases in the order: H ≲ F < Ar ≲ Br ≲ I < CF3. In other words, Cu[F8TPC] is marginally more saddled than β-unsubstituted Cu triarylcorroles, but substantially less saddled than Cu undecaarylcorroles, β-octabromo-meso-triarylcorroles, and β-octaiodo-meso-triarylcorroles, and far less saddled than Cu β-octakis(trifluoromethyl)-meso-triarylcorroles. As for {Fe[F8TPC]}2O, the moderate quality of the structure did not allow us to draw firm conclusions in regard to bond length alternations in the corrole skeleton and hence also the question of ligand noninnocence. The Fe-O bond distances, 1.712(8) and 1.724(8), however, are essentially identical to those observed for {Fe[TPFPC]}2O, where TPFPC3- is the trianion of 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, suggesting that a partially noninnocent electronic structural description may be applicable for both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolle
E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nicholas S. Settineri
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Erik Steene
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Thomassen IK, Ghosh A. Protonation-Induced Hyperporphyrin Spectra of meso-Aminophenylcorroles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9023-9030. [PMID: 32337467 PMCID: PMC7178790 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
UV-vis spectrophotometric titrations have been carried out on meso-tris(o/m/p-aminophenyl)corrole (H3[o/m/p-TAPC]) and meso-triphenylcorrole (H3[TPC]) in dimethyl sulfoxide with methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Monoprotonation was found to result in hyperporphyrin spectra characterized by new, red-shifted, and intense Q bands. The effect was particularly dramatic for H3[p-TAPC] for which the Q band red-shifted from ∼637 nm for the neutral species to 764 nm in the near-IR for H4[p-TAPC]+. Upon further protonation, the Q band was found to blue-shift back to 687 nm. A simple explanation of the phenomena has been offered in terms of quinonoid resonance forms.
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10
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Abstract
Metallocorroles involving 5d transition metals are currently of interest as near-IR phosphors and as photosensitizers for oxygen sensing and photodynamic therapy. Their syntheses, however, are often bedeviled by capricious and low-yielding protocols. Against this backdrop, we describe rhenium-imido corroles, a new class of 5d metallocorroles, synthesized simply and in respectable (∼30%) yields via the interaction of a free-base corrole, Re2(CO)10, K2CO3, and aniline in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at ∼190 °C in a sealed vial under strict anaerobic conditions. The generality of the method was shown by the synthesis of six derivatives, including those derived from meso-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, H3[TPFPC], and five different meso-tris(p-X-phenyl)corroles, H3[TpXPC], where X = CF3, F, H, CH3, OCH3. Single-crystal X-ray structures obtained for two of the complexes, Re[TpFPC](NPh) and Re[TpCF3PC](NPh), revealed relatively unstrained equatorial Re-N distances of ∼2.00 Å, a ∼ 0.7-Å displacement of the Re from the mean plane of the corrole nitrogens, and an Re-Nimido distance of ∼1.72 Å. Details of the corrole skeletal bond distances, diamagnetic 1H NMR spectra, relatively substituent-independent Soret maxima, and electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gaps of ∼2.2 V all indicated an innocent corrole macrocycle. Surprisingly, unlike several other classes of 5d metallocorroles, the Re-imido complexes proved nonemissive in solution at room temperature and also failed to sensitize singlet oxygen formation, indicating rapid radiationless deactivation of the triplet state, presumably via the rapidly rotating axial phenyl group. By analogy with other metal-oxo and -imido corroles, we remain hopeful that the Re-imido group will prove amenable to further elaboration and thereby contribute to the development of a somewhat challenging area of coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Rahman MH, Ryan MD, Vazquez-Lima H, Alemayehu A, Ghosh A. Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry of Iron-Nitrosyl Triarylcorroles. Implications for Ligand Noninnocence. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3232-3238. [PMID: 32053351 PMCID: PMC7997370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recent DFT calculations
have suggested that iron nitrosyl triarylcorrole
complexes have substantial {FeNO}7–corrole•2– character. With this formulation, reduction of Fe(C)(NO) complexes,
where C = triarylcorrole, should be centered on the corrole macrocycle
rather than on the {FeNO}7 moiety. To verify this proposition,
visible and infrared spectroelectrochemical studies of Fe(C)(NO) were
carried out and the results were interpreted using DFT (B3LYP/STO-TZP)
calculations. The first reduction of Fe(C)(NO) led to significant
changes in the Soret and Q-band regions of the visible spectrum as
well as to a significant downshift in the νNO and
changes in the corrole vibrational frequencies. DFT calculations,
which showed that the electron was mostly added to the corrole ligand
(85%), were also able to predict the observed shifts in the νNO and corrole bands upon reduction. These results underscore
the importance of monitoring both the corrole and nitrosyl vibrations
in ascertaining the site of reduction. By contrast, the visible spectroelectrochemistry
of the second reduction revealed only minor changes in the Soret band
upon reduction, consistent with the reduction of the FeNO moiety. For the reduction of FeNO moiety or corrole,
infrared spectroelectrochemistry
and DFT calculations were performed and experimental evidence was
obtained for the noninnocence of the corrole in Fe(triphenylcorrole)(NO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, 1414 West Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Michael D Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, 1414 West Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edif. IC9, CU, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Abraham Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Osterloh WR, Quesneau V, Desbois N, Brandès S, Shan W, Blondeau-Patissier V, Paolesse R, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Synthesis and the Effect of Anions on the Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry of Mono(dimethyl sulfoxide)-Ligated Cobalt Corroles. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:595-611. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Valentin Quesneau
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Wenqian Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Virginie Blondeau-Patissier
- Department of Time-Frequency, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST (UMR CNRS 6174), 26 Chemin de l’épitaphe, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claude P. Gros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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13
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Abstract
Noninnocent ligands do not allow an unambiguous definition of the oxidation state of a coordinated atom. When coordinated, the ligands also cannot be adequately represented by a classic Lewis structure. A noninnocent system thus harbors oxidizing (holes) or reducing equivalents (electrons) that are delocalized over both the ligand and the coordinated atom. To a certain degree, that is true of all complexes, but the phenomenon is arguably most conspicuous in complexes involving ligands with extended π-systems. The electronic structures of such systems have often been mischaracterized, thereby muddying the chemical literature to the detriment of students and newcomers to the field. In recent years, we have investigated the electronic structures of several metallocorrole families, several of which have turned out to be noninnocent. Our goal here, however, is not to present a systematic account of the different classes of metallocorroles, but rather to focus on seven major tools (in a nod to A. G. Cairns-Smith's Seven Clues to the Origin of Life) that led us to recognize noninnocent behavior and subsequently to characterize the phenomenon in depth. (1) The optical probe: For a series of noninnocent meso-triarylcorrole derivatives with different para substituents X, the Soret maxima are typically exquisitely sensitive to the nature of X, red-shifting with increasing electron-donating character of the group. No such substituent sensitivity is observed for the Soret maxima of innocent triarylcorrole derivatives. (2) Quantum chemistry: Spin-unrestricted density functional theory calculations permit a simple and quick visualization of ligand noninnocence in terms of the spin density profile. Even for an S = 0 complex, the broken-symmetry method often affords a spin density profile that, its fictitious character notwithstanding, helps visualize the intramolecular spin couplings. (3) NMR and EPR spectroscopy: In principle, these two techniques afford experimental probes of the electronic spin density. (4) Structure/X-ray crystallography. Ligand noninnocence in metallocorroles is often reflected in small but distinct skeletal bond length alternations in and around the bipyrrole part of the macrocycle. In addition, for Cu and some Ag corroles, ligand noninnocence manifests itself via a strong saddling of the macrocycle. (5) Vibrational spectroscopy. Unsurprisingly, the aforementioned bond length alternations translate to structure-sensitive vibrational marker bands. (6) Electrochemistry. Noninnocent metallocorroles exhibit characteristically high reduction potentials, but caution should be exercised in turning the logic around. A high reduction potential does not necessarily signify a noninnocent metallocorrole; certain high-valent metal centers also undergo metal-centered reduction at quite high potentials. (7) X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). By focusing on a given element, typically the central atom in a coordination complex, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) can provide uniquely detailed local information on oxidation and spin states, ligand field strength, and degree of centrosymmetry. For metallocorroles, some of the most clear-cut distinctions between innocent and noninnocent systems have come from the K-edge XANES of Mn and Fe corroles. For researchers faced with a new, potentially noninnocent system, the take-home message is to employ a good majority (i.e., at least four) of the above methods to arrive at a reliable conclusion vis-à-vis noninnocence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Arctic Center for Sustainable Energy, UiT−The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Arctic Center for Sustainable Energy, UiT−The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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14
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Lim H, Thomas KE, Hedman B, Hodgson KO, Ghosh A, Solomon EI. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy as a Probe of Ligand Noninnocence in Metallocorroles: The Case of Copper Corroles. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6722-6730. [PMID: 31046257 PMCID: PMC6644708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The question of ligand noninnocence in Cu corroles has long been a topic of discussion. Presented herein is a Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study, which provides a direct probe of the metal oxidation state, of three Cu corroles, Cu[TPC], Cu[Br8TPC], and Cu[(CF3)8TPC] (TPC = meso-triphenylcorrole), and the analogous Cu(II) porphyrins, Cu[TPP], Cu[Br8TPP], and Cu[(CF3)8TPP] (TPP = meso-tetraphenylporphyrin). The Cu K rising-edges of the Cu corroles were found to be about 0-1 eV upshifted relative to the analogous porphyrins, which is substantially lower than the 1-2 eV shifts typically exhibited by authentic Cu(II)/Cu(III) model complex pairs. In an unusual twist, the Cu K pre-edge regions of both the Cu corroles and the Cu porphyrins exhibit two peaks split by 0.8-1.3 eV. Based on time-dependent density functional theory calculations, the lower- and higher-energy peaks were assigned to a Cu 1s → 3d x2- y2 transition and a Cu 1s → corrole/porphyrin π* transition, respectively. From the Cu(II) porphyrins to the corresponding Cu corroles, the energy of the Cu 1s → 3d x2- y2 transition peak was found to upshift by 0.6-0.8 eV. This shift is approximately half that observed between Cu(II) to Cu(III) states for well-defined complexes. The Cu K-edge XAS spectra thus show that although the metal sites in the Cu corroles are more oxidized relative to those in their Cu(II) porphyrin analogues, they are not oxidized to the Cu(III) level, consistent with the notion of a noninnocent corrole. The relative importance of σ-donation versus corrole π-radical character is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongtaek Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kolle E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, UiT — The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Britt Hedman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Keith O. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT — The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Edward I. Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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15
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Alemayehu A, M cCormick LJ, Gagnon KJ, Borisov SM, Ghosh A. Stable Platinum(IV) Corroles: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and Room-Temperature Near-IR Phosphorescence. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9360-9368. [PMID: 31459069 PMCID: PMC6645213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of stable Pt(IV) corrole complexes with the general formula PtIV[TpXPC](m/p-C6H4CN)(py), where TpXPC3- is the trianion of a tris(p-X-phenyl)corrole and X = CF3, H, and CH3, has been synthesized, affording key physicochemical data on a rare and elusive class of metallocorroles. Single-crystal X-ray structures of two of the complexes revealed very short equatorial Pt-N distances of 1.94-1.97 Å, an axial Pt-C distance of ∼2.03 Å, and an axial Pt-N distance of ∼2.22 Å. The complexes exhibit Soret maxima at ∼430 nm, which are essentially independent of the meso-aryl para substituents, and strong Q bands with the most intense peak at 595-599 nm. The substituent-independent Soret maxima are consistent with an innocent PtIV-corrole3- description for the complexes. The low reduction potentials (-1.45 ± 0.08 V vs saturated calomel reference electrode) also support a highly stable Pt(IV) ground state as opposed to a noninnocent corrole•2- description. The reductions, however, are irreversible, which suggests that they involve concomitant cleavage of the Pt-aryl bond. Unlike Pt(IV) porphyrins, two of the complexes, PtIV[TpXPC](m-C6H4CN)(py) (X = CF3 and CH3), were found to exhibit room-temperature near-IR phosphorescence with emission maxima at 813 and 826 nm, respectively. The quantum yield of ∼0.3% is comparable to those observed for six-coordinate Ir(III) corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham
B. Alemayehu
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura J. McCormick
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Kevin J. Gagnon
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- E-mail:
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16
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Ganguly S, MCormick LJ, Conradie J, Gagnon KJ, Sarangi R, Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Manganese Corroles Revisited: X-ray Structures, Optical and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies, and Electrochemistry as Probes of Ligand Noninnocence. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9656-9669. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Laura J. MCormick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Kevin J. Gagnon
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Structural Molecular Biology (SMB), Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94306, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
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17
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Jiang X, Naitana ML, Desbois N, Quesneau V, Brandès S, Rousselin Y, Shan W, Osterloh WR, Blondeau-Patissier V, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Electrochemistry of Bis(pyridine)cobalt (Nitrophenyl)corroles in Nonaqueous Media. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1226-1241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Mario L. Naitana
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Valentin Quesneau
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Wenqian Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - W. Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Virginie Blondeau-Patissier
- Department of Time-Frequency, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST (UMR CNRS 6174), 26 Chemin de l’épitaphe, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Claude P. Gros
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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18
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Song Y, Fang Y, Ou Z, Capar J, Wang C, Conradie J, Thomas KE, Wamser CC, Ghosh A, Kadish KM. Influence of β-octabromination on free-base triarylcorroles: Electrochemistry and protonation-deprotonation reactions in nonaqueous media. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical and acid-base properties of four free-base triarylcorroles were examined in nonaqueous media. These compounds are represented here as (tdcc)H[Formula: see text], (tpfc)H[Formula: see text], (Br[Formula: see text]tdcc)H[Formula: see text] and (Br[Formula: see text]tpfc)H[Formula: see text], where tdcc and tpfc are the trianions of tris(2,6-dichlorophenyl)corrole and tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, respectively. Different spectroscopic and electrochemical properties were observed for the [Formula: see text]-brominated corroles as compared to the non-brominated derivatives, due in part to the corrole ring distortion and in part to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of the Br groups. The brominated free-base corroles are easier to deprotonate than the non-brominated corroles in solution, which was confirmed by electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry as well as protonation/deprotonation reactions of the compounds with acid or base in PhCN. The electrochemistry of the protonated and deprotonated corroles is presented and comparisons made with previously published data for other protonated and deprotonated free-base corroles under the same solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Jan Capar
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, USA
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kolle E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Carl C. Wamser
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, USA
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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19
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Ganguly S, Conradie J, Bendix J, Gagnon KJ, McCormick LJ, Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Cobalt–Corrole–Pyridine Complexes: Noninnocent Five-Coordinate Co(II) Corrole–Radical States. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9589-9598. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ganguly
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kevin J. Gagnon
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Laura J. McCormick
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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20
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Ganguly S, Renz D, Giles LJ, Gagnon KJ, McCormick LJ, Conradie J, Sarangi R, Ghosh A. Cobalt- and Rhodium-Corrole-Triphenylphosphine Complexes Revisited: The Question of a Noninnocent Corrole. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14788-14800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Diemo Renz
- Department of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Logan J. Giles
- Structural Molecular Biology, Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94306, United States
| | - Kevin J. Gagnon
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Laura J. McCormick
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Structural Molecular Biology, Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94306, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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21
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Ganguly S, Giles LJ, Thomas KE, Sarangi R, Ghosh A. Ligand Noninnocence in Iron Corroles: Insights from Optical and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies and Electrochemical Redox Potentials. Chemistry 2017; 23:15098-15106. [PMID: 28845891 PMCID: PMC5710759 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of iron meso-tris(para-X-phenyl)corrole (TpXPC) complexes, Fe[TpXPC]Ph and Fe[TpXPC]Tol, in which X=CF3 , H, Me, and OMe, and Tol=p-methylphenyl (p-tolyl), have been synthesized, allowing a multitechnique electronic-structural comparison with the corresponding FeCl, FeNO, and Fe2 (μ-O) TpXPC derivatives. Optical spectroscopy revealed that the Soret maxima of the FePh and FeTol series are insensitive to the phenyl para substituent, consistent with the presumed innocence of the corrole ligand in these compounds. Accordingly, we may be increasingly confident in the ability of the substituent effect criterion to serve as a probe of corrole noninnocence. Furthermore, four complexes-Fe[TPC]Cl, Fe[TPC](NO), {Fe[TPC]}2 O, and Fe[TPC]Ph-were selected for a detailed XANES investigation of the question of ligand noninnocence. The intensity-weighted average energy (IWAE) positions were found to exhibit rather modest variations (0.8 eV over the series of corroles). The integrated Fe-K pre-edge intensities, on the other hand, vary considerably, with a 2.5 fold increase for Fe[TPC]Ph relative to Fe[TPC]Cl and Fe[TPC](NO). Given the approximately C4v local symmetry of the Fe in all the complexes, the large increase in intensity for Fe[TPC]Ph may be attributed to a higher number of 3d holes, consistent with an expected FeIV -like description, in contrast to Fe[TPC]Cl and Fe[TPC](NO), in which the Fe is thought to be FeIII -like. These results afford strong validation of XANES as a probe of ligand noninnocence in metallocorroles. Electrochemical redox potentials, on the other hand, were found not to afford a simple probe of ligand noninnocence in Fe corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Logan J Giles
- Structural Molecular Biology, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94306, USA
| | - Kolle E Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Structural Molecular Biology, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94306, USA
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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22
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Alemayehu AB, Vazquez-Lima H, Gagnon KJ, Ghosh A. Stepwise Deoxygenation of Nitrite as a Route to Two Families of Ruthenium Corroles: Group 8 Periodic Trends and Relativistic Effects. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5285-5294. [PMID: 28422487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Given the many applications of ruthenium porphyrins, the rarity of ruthenium corroles and the underdeveloped state of their chemistry are clearly indicative of an area ripe for significant breakthroughs. The tendency of ruthenium corroles to form unreactive metal-metal-bonded dimers has been recognized as a key impediment in this area. Herein, by exposing free-base meso-tris(p-X-phenyl)corroles, H3[TpXPC] (X = CF3, H, Me, and OMe), and [Ru(COD)Cl2]x in refluxing 2-methoxyethanol to nitrite, we have been able to reliably intercept the series Ru[TpXPC](NO) in a matter of seconds to minutes and subsequently RuVI[TpXPC](N), the products of a second deoxygenation, over some 16 h. Two of the RuVIN complexes and one ruthenium corrole dimer could be crystallographically analyzed; the Ru-Nnitrido distance was found to be ∼1.61 Å, consistent with the triple-bonded character of the RuVIN units and essentially identical with the Os-Nnitrido distance in analogous osmium corroles. Spectroscopic and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the RuNO corroles are best viewed as innocent {RuNO}6 complexes, whereas the analogous FeNO corroles are noninnocent, i.e., best viewed as {FeNO}7-corrole•2-. Both RuVIN and OsVIN corroles exhibit sharp Soret bands, suggestive of an innocent macrocycle. A key difference between the two metals is that the Soret maxima of the OsVIN corroles are red-shifted some 25 nm relative to those of the RuVIN complexes. Careful time-dependent DFT studies indicate that this difference is largely attributable to relativistic effects in OsVIN corroles. The availability of two new classes of mononuclear ruthenium corroles potentially opens the door to new applications, in such areas as catalysis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kevin J Gagnon
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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23
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Yadav P, Rathi P, Sankar M. Facile Generation of A 2B Corrole Radical Using Fe(III) Salts and Its Spectroscopic Properties. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:959-965. [PMID: 30023622 PMCID: PMC6044766 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A carboxyphenyl-substituted corrole, 5,15-dimesityl-10-(4'-carboxyphenyl)corrole (1), has been synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, fluorescence, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. An air-stable corrole radical (1•) was obtained with the addition of the Fe(III) salt to 1 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and characterized by UV-vis, fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), ESI-MS techniques, and density functional theory studies. The neutral corrole radical (1•) exhibited a sharp EPR signal at g = 2.006 in DMSO. The reduced bipyrrolic (N-C-C-N) dihedral angle (χ) of 1 from 19.11 to 7.07° leads to the release of angle strain, which is the driving force for the generation of 1•. Notably, trans-dimesityl groups prevent the dimerization or aggregation of the corrole radical. Further, 1• was converted to 1 by excess addition of Fe(II) salts in DMSO at 298 K.
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24
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Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Corrole Derivatives: Insights from Molecular Structures, Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Chem Rev 2017; 117:3798-3881. [PMID: 28191934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a comprehensive account of the electronic structure of corrole derivatives. Our knowledge in this area derives from a broad range of methods, including UV-vis-NIR absorption and MCD spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray structure determination, vibrational spectroscopy, NMR and EPR spectroscopies, electrochemistry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations, the latter including both density functional theory and ab initio multiconfigurational methods. The review is organized according to the Periodic Table, describing free-base and main-group element corrole derivatives, then transition-metal corroles, and finally f-block element corroles. Like porphyrins, corrole derivatives with a redox-inactive coordinated atom follow the Gouterman four-orbital model. A key difference from porphyrins is the much wider prevalence of noninnocent electronic structures as well as full-fledged corrole•2- radicals among corrole derivatives. The most common orbital pathways mediating ligand noninnocence in transition-metal corroles are the metal(dz2)-corrole("a2u") interaction (most commonly observed in Mn and Fe corroles) and the metal(dx2-y2)-corrole(a2u) interaction in coinage metal corroles. Less commonly encountered is the metal(dπ)-corrole("a1u") interaction, a unique feature of formal d5 metallocorroles. Corrole derivatives exhibit a rich array of optical properties, including substituent-sensitive Soret maxima indicative of ligand noninnocence, strong fluorescence in the case of lighter main-group element complexes, and room-temperature near-IR phosphorescence in the case of several 5d metal complexes. The review concludes with an attempt at identifying gaps in our current knowledge and potential future directions of electronic-structural research on corrole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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26
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Barata JFB, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS. Strategies for Corrole Functionalization. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3192-3253. [PMID: 28222602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the functionalization reactions of meso-arylcorroles, both at the inner core, as well as the peripheral positions of the macrocycle. Experimental details for the synthesis of all known metallocorrole types and for the N-alkylation reactions are presented. Key peripheral functionalization reactions such as halogenation, formylation, carboxylation, nitration, sulfonation, and others are discussed in detail, particularly the nucleophilic aromatic substitution and the participation of corroles in cycloaddition reactions as 2π or 4π components (covering Diels-Alder and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions). Other functionalizations of corroles include a large diversity of reactions, namely Wittig reactions, reactions with methylene active compounds, formation of amines, amides, and imines, and metal catalyzed reactions. At the final section, the reactions involving oxidation and ring expansion of the corrole macrocycle are described comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F B Barata
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Vazquez-Lima H, Conradie J, Ghosh A. Metallocorrole Interactions with Carbon Monoxide, Nitric Oxide, and Nitroxyl—A DFT Study of Low-Energy Bound States. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8248-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Ganguly S, Vazquez-Lima H, Ghosh A. Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: μ-Oxo-Diiron Corroles Revisited. Chemistry 2016; 22:10336-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; 9037 Tromsø Norway
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Sarangi R, Giles LJ, Thomas KE, Ghosh A. Ligand Noninnocence in Silver Corroles: A XANES Investigation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritimukta Sarangi
- Structural Molecular Biology; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Menlo Park 94306 CA USA
| | - Logan J. Giles
- Structural Molecular Biology; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Menlo Park 94306 CA USA
| | - Kolle E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; 9037 Tromsø Norway
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30
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Alemayehu AB, Vazquez-Lima H, Gagnon KJ, Ghosh A. Tungsten Biscorroles: New Chiral Sandwich Compounds. Chemistry 2016; 22:6914-20. [PMID: 27059004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative metalation method, involving the interaction of free-base meso-triarylcorroles and W(CO)6 in refluxing decalin, led to a set of three tungsten(VI) biscorroles, the first homoleptic sandwich compounds involving corroles. Single-crystal X-ray structures of two of the complexes revealed square-antiprismatic coordination and strongly domed corroles with long W-N distances of 2.15-2.22 Å and a substantial displacement of ∼1.17 Å of the metal relative to the mean N4 planes of the ligands. The structures correspond to approximate C2 symmetry and are thus chiral. DFT calculations strongly indicate that the enantiomers are configurationally stable and hence amenable to chiral resolution. Their other notable properties include a strongly blueshifted Soret band at (357±2) nm, a relatively intense π→W(dz2 ) near-IR feature at (781±3) nm, and a low electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gap of approximately 1.3 V. The results obtained herein suggest that metallobiscorroles may emerge as a new class of inherently chiral chromophores with novel optical and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kevin J Gagnon
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720-8229, USA
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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