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Wang R, Liu W, Liu L, Ma F, Li Q, Zhao P, Ma W, Cen J, Liu X. Characterization, in vitro digestibility, antioxidant activity and intestinal peristalsis in zebrafish of Dioscorea opposita polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126155. [PMID: 37549765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The soluble crude polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita (DOP1 and DOP2) were prepared and characterized. DOP1 and DOP2 obtained carbohydrate (65.71% and 70.18%, respectively), uronic acid (63.71% and 24.84%, respectively) and protein (8.09% and 9.51%, respectively) with molecular weight of 49.24 kDa and 21.62 kDa, respectively. DOP samples were mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and glucuronic acid. The digestibility in vitro, antioxidant activity and intestinal peristalsis effect were then investigated. DOP1 and DOP2 were degraded with decreased molecular weights (39.58 kDa and 18.56 kDa respectively), increased reducing sugar contents (from 16.95% to 19.27%; 12.45% to 15.50% respectively) and free monosaccharides (from 0.89% to 1.42%; 0.90% to 1.14% respectively) after gastric digestion. Both DOP1 and DOP2 were resistant to intestinal digestion, suggesting that DOP samples can be considered as a dietary fiber. Additionally, DOP1 and DOP2 exhibited antioxidant activities positively correlated with the concentration and remained the activities after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Furthermore, DOP reduced the fluorescence intensity significantly, indicating DOP can promote the intestinal peristalsis of zebrafish larvae (5 pdf) at 500 μg/mL. Therefore, DOP1 and DOP2 have a better functionality as dietary fibers, including antioxidant activity and intestinal peristalsis promotion, which can be developed as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fanyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Juan Cen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Yang L, Lyu H, Yiming A, Xu X, Ma C, Tu S, Chen B, Liu M, Wu C. Integrated metabolism, network pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics to explore the exposure differences of the pharmacodynamic material basis in vivo caused by different extraction methods for Saussurea involucrata. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115648. [PMID: 35987408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussurea involucrata Kar.et Kir. (S.I.) has long been used as a precious national medicine and clinically proven to be an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular diseases. In clinical practice, two extraction methods of S.I., including water decoction and alcohol extraction, are prescribed to treat the same conditions. Nevertheless, no study has been performed on the exposure differences of the pharmacodynamic material basis in vivo caused by different extraction methods. AIM OF THE STUDY Based on the integrated strategy of metabolism, network pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics, we aimed to reveal exposure differences in pharmacodynamic substances caused by different extraction methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) was employed to identify the chemical constituents of S.I. extracts and the metabolites in vivo after administration. Based on the analysis of prototype components in vivo, the major exposure active constituents, potential therapeutic targets and possible pharmacological mechanisms in RA treatment were investigated using network pharmacological analysis. Seven critical active components, including quercetin, hispidulin, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, arctigenin, syringin, and umbelliferone, were quantitatively compared between the alcohol, and aqueous extraction methods, which had been confirmed by the reference substance. RESULTS The chemical comparison demonstrated that the types of chemicals in the two extracts were identical, mainly flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, coumarins, lignins, sesquiterpene lactones, and others, but the contents of the primary constituents in the aqueous extract were lower than those of the alcohol extract. A total of 30 prototype components and 174 metabolites were analyzed and identified in rat plasma, urine, fecal, and bile samples. Twenty-three prototype components were analyzed by network pharmacology, and seven critical active components were selected as representative markers for the pharmacokinetic study. Pharmacokinetic studies had shown that the Tmax values of apigenin, hispidulin, chlorogenic acid, arctigenin, and syringin after the oral administration of the alcohol extract were lower than those after the oral administration of the aqueous extract, and the above components in the alcohol extract could increase the absorption. Compared with the aqueous extract group, the Tmax and T1/2 of quercetin and umbelliferone were longer; it was suggested that alcohol extraction might have a slow-release and long-term effect on these two components. The relative bioavailability of apigenin, hispidulin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and umbelliferone in the alcohol extract group were higher than those in the aqueous extract group, which was consistent with the traditional clinical experience that alcohol extract could improve the efficacy of S.I. CONCLUSIONS The major exposure active constituents in vivo were screened. The representative components that could be used in pharmacokinetics were determined by integrating network pharmacology and metabolism studies. The critical active compounds were quantitatively compared between the alcohol and aqueous extraction methods. This study clarified that flavonoids, coumarin, and phenylpropanoids might be the primary material basis that caused the exposure differences between aqueous and alcoholic extracts from S.I.. This research aimed to provide the basis of metabolism in vivo for further studying these pharmacodynamic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China.
| | - Haiyan Lyu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen City Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, 361012, China.
| | - Ayixianmuguli Yiming
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps First Division Hospital, Aksu, 843000, China.
| | - Xiangzhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen City Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, 361012, China.
| | - Chunling Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen City Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, 361012, China.
| | - Shun Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen City Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, 361012, China.
| | - Binbin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen City Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, 361012, China.
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China.
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Han L, Chen K, Liu P, Yang L, Kang Y, Gao Y, Li C, Sun C, Li Y, Fan W, Hou H. Toxicological evaluation of S. involucrata culture: Acute, 90-day subchronic and genotoxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 124:104980. [PMID: 34186141 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Saussurea involucrata is an endangered plant that is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Through the use of plant cell culture techniques, preparations of Saussurea involucrata (S. involucrata) cell cultures have been developed and used to generate medicinal preparations. There have been few evidence-based analyses of the toxicological effects of S. involucrata culture conducted to date. Here, we conducted the experiments designed to assess the acute, subchronic, and genotoxic toxicological effects of S. involucrata culture. The genotoxic study was assessed through Ames, marrow micronucleus, and sperm malformation assays. The acute toxicity was assessed by orally administering in rats and mice at dose of 7500 mg/kg. Subchronic toxicity studies were then conducted by administering rats at doses of 500, 1000, or 1500 mg/kg for 90 days. No genotoxicity was observed at any tested dose levels, nor was any evidence of acute toxicity detected in treated mice or rats. Similarly, subchronic study of S. involucrata culture administration was not associated with any changes in rat food intake, weight, hematological parameters, organ weight, or organ histology. Then, we determined that the no observed adverse effect level of S. involucrata culture was greater than 1500 mg/kg in our 90-day toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Life Science,Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Kaili Chen
- School of Life Science,Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Life Science,Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Lintong Yang
- School of Life Science,Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yating Kang
- School of Life Science,Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- School of Life Science,Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Chengfeng Sun
- School of Life Science,Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yanshen Li
- School of Life Science,Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Wenxia Fan
- Dalian Practical Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Hu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Luo G, Zhang Y, Yan LS, Wang L, Cheng BY, Ding Y, Kong J, Wang Q, Fu XQ, Zhang SF. Total flavonoids from Saussurea involucrata attenuate inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via modulating p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 signaling pathways. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wu J, Chen X, Lv Y, Gao K, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, He X, Chu Y, Wu X, Ou A, Wen Z, Zhang J, Peng J, Huang Z, Jakobsson PJ, Huang Q, Huang R. Chinese Herbal Formula Huayu-Qiangshen-Tongbi Decoction Compared With Leflunomide in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Open-Label, Randomized, Controlled, Pilot Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:484. [PMID: 33015085 PMCID: PMC7498571 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine is complementary and an alternative to modern medicine. The combination therapies of herbal products with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are gradually and widely adopted in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huayu-Qiangshen-Tongbi (HQT) decoction, a Chinese medicine formula, combined with methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of patients with active RA, in comparison with the combination therapy of MTX with leflunomide (LEF). Methods: This pilot study was a monocenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms. Ninety patients with active RA were randomly allocated to receive either HQT at a dose of 250 ml twice daily or LEF at a dose of 20 mg once daily, and all participants received MTX at a dose of 10-15 mg once weekly. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved a 20% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20) after a 24-week treatment. Results: 84.4% (76/90) patients completed the 24-week observation. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the percentage values of patients achieving the ACR20 response criteria were 72.1% (31/43) in MTX + HQT group and 74.4% (32/43) in MTX + LEF group (p = 0.808). No significant difference was observed in other parameters, including ACR50, ACR70, clinical disease activity index good responses, European League Against Rheumatism good response, remission rate, and low disease activity rate. The results of the per-protocol analysis showed consistency with those of the intention-to-treat analysis. The mean change from baseline at week 24 for the van der Heijde modified total sharp score had no significant difference between two groups (3.59 ± 4.75 and 1.34 ± 8.67 in the MTX + HQT group and MTX + LEF group, respectively, p = 0.613). The frequency of adverse events was similar in both groups (11 cases in the MTX + HQT and 17 cases in the MTX + LEF, p > 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with active RA, treatment with the combination of HQT and MTX was associated with improvement in signs, symptoms, and physical function. With a beneficial clinical response and acceptable tolerability, HQT or other Chinese medicine formula may be a good therapeutic option in combination with MTX for RA treatment. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trails Registry, ChiCTR-INR-16009031, Registered on 15th August 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Gao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehao Liu
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Chu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Ou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehuai Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhisheng Huang
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huadu, China
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingchun Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyue Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Ma Q, Chen X, Zhang K, Yao D, Yang L, Wang H, Bulemasi S, Huang J, Wang J. Chemical Fingerprint Analysis for Discovering Markers and Identifying Saussurea involucrata by HPLC Coupled with OPLS-DA. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:7560710. [PMID: 33014510 PMCID: PMC7520670 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7560710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quality control of Saussurea involucrata has been greatly improved by macroscopic and microscopic identification and chemical profiling described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 2005. However, these methods have their own limitations, e.g., their dependence on personal experience and expertise, and it is a huge challenge to identify closely related species that share similar or identical morphological characteristics and chemical profiles. A novel and generally accepted identification strategy is urgently needed as a complement to regulations for protecting the public health interests. In this work, a comprehensive chromatographic fingerprint method was developed and tested on 43 samples from four haplotypes of S. involucrata according to DNA barcoding. Three common patterns consisting of 20, 14, and 7 common peaks were generated by frequency filters of median, upper quartile, and 100%, respectively. Based on two formerly screened patterns, S. involucrata can be effectively identified from its five easily confused snow lotus species, including the most closely related plant (S. orgaadayi) in the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models. The model is supported by good R and Q coefficients. In addition, different haplotypes of S. involucrata can be discriminated in the OPLS-DA model using the 20 common peaks. Among them, peaks 9, 11, 16 (zaluzanin C), and 18 (dehydrocostus lactone) have been identified as fingerprint markers of S. involucrata via S-plots and VIP values (>1). Additionally, peaks 19 and 20 were identified as linolenic acid and linoleic acid with anti-inflammatory activity, and they were isolated from the herb for the first time. Collectively, the chromatographic fingerprint of S. involucrata can be an effective and integrated method for the identification of authentic herbs from adulterant species or related plants, and discrimination of its different haplotypes provides an objective and reliable tool for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Economic Forest Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center of State Forestry Administration, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Hangyu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Santai Bulemasi
- State Forestry Administration of Xinjiang Altai Mountain, Altai 836505, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Purification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of the COP-W1 polysaccharide from Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Gong G, Xie F, Zheng Y, Hu W, Qi B, He H, Dong TT, Tsim KW. The effect of methanol extract from Saussurea involucrata in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation in cultured RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112532. [PMID: 31884036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussureae Involucratae Herba (SIH), known as "snow lotus" in Uyghur and/or Chinese medicines, is generated from the dried aerial part of Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip. (Asteraceae). The major pharmaceutical value of SIH has been recorded in China Pharmacopoeia, i.e. to balance the immune system, and thus SIH is commonly used for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism of SIH in immune function is still unresolved. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, we employed macrophage RAW 264.7 cell as a model to demonstrate the signaling pathways, triggered by SIH, in regulating the LPS-induced inflammation. METHODS The application of SIH methanolic extract suppressed the expression of cytokines, a hallmark of chronic inflammation, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cultures. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory functions of SIH were shown to be triggered via NF-κB/PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways by revealing the specific biomarkers, i.e. translocation activities of NF-κB and phosphorylations of Erk1/2, JNK and Akt. CONCLUSION The aforementioned results showed the underlying action mechanism of SIH in chronic inflammation mitigation, and which might shed light on clinical applications of SIH in traditional Chinese and/or Uyghur medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, 521041, China.
| | - Weihui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Baohui Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Tina Tx Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Karl Wk Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Gong G, Huang J, Yang Y, Qi B, Han G, Zheng Y, He H, Chan K, Tsim KW, Dong TT. Saussureae Involucratae Herba (Snow Lotus): Review of Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Properties. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1549. [PMID: 32009958 PMCID: PMC6971814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saussureae Involucratae Herba is the dried ground part of Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip, which is also named as “Snow lotus” and being used in traditional Uyghur and/or Chinese medicine. This rare herb can be found at 4,000 m elevation in western part of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang China. According to China Pharmacopoeia (2015), the major pharmaceutical values of “Snow lotus” (Xuě liánhuā in Chinese) are alleviating rheumatoid arthritis, accelerating blood circulation and mitigating other “cold” syndromes. Traditionally, the clinical application of “Snow lotus” includes the treatments in inflammation-associated disorder, blood circulation acceleration and heat and dampness elimination. Recent studies suggested that “Snow lotus” possessed therapeutic effects associating with anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, adipogenesis suppression and neuroprotection activities, which were proposed to be related with its bioactive constitutes, i.e. acacetin, hispidulin, and rutin. In the present review, we aim to summarize pharmacological effects and underlying cell signaling pathways of “Snow lotus” in treating various medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baohui Qi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guangyi Han
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kelvin Chan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Wk Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tina Tx Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chen W, Ma J, Gong F, Xi H, Zhan Q, Li X, Wei F, Wu H, Lai F. Two novel polysaccharides from the torus of Saussurea laniceps protect against AAPH-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:446-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liou CJ, Wu SJ, Chen LC, Yeh KW, Chen CY, Huang WC. Acacetin from Traditionally Used Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir. Suppressed Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Attenuated Lipid Accumulation in Obese Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:589. [PMID: 28900399 PMCID: PMC5581916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acacetin, a flavone that can be isolated from the Saussurea involucrata plant, has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties that ameliorate airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice. This study investigated whether acacetin has anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and whether it regulates the inflammatory response in adipocytes and macrophages. It also investigated whether acacetin ameliorates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet- (HFD) induced obese mice. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with acacetin. The glycerol levels in the culture medium were measured, and the expression of proteins and genes involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis were assayed by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway activity was assessed in macrophages that were treated with acacetin and cultured with differentiated medium from 3T3-L1 cells. Intraperitoneal injections of acacetin were administered to HFD-induced obese mice twice a week for 10 weeks. Acacetin significantly increased the levels of glycerol in the culture medium and significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Acacetin reduced the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors, including the expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; it also increased sirtuin 1 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in adipocytes. In macrophages cultured with differentiated media from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, acacetin reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators and the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathways. In obese mice, acacetin reduced both body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight. These results demonstrate that acacetin inhibited adipogenesis in adipocytes and in obese mice. Acacetin also reduced the inflammatory response of macrophages that were stimulated with differentiated media from 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Jiun Liou
- Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kang S, Moon NR, Kim DS, Lee NR, Kim KS, Park S. Topical treatments of Saussurea costus root and Thuja orientalis L. synergistically alleviate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by inhibiting protease-activated receptor-2 and NF-κB signaling in HaCaT cells and Nc/Nga mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 199:97-105. [PMID: 28159725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Saussurea costus (Aucklandia lappa Decne, Aucklandiae Radix, SC) and Thuja orientalis L. (TOL) have been traditionally used as anti-inflammatory agents in Korea. However, they have not been studied for the efficacy of atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment, a chronic inflammatory skin disease. We investigated the efficacy of topical applications with 1,3-butyleneglycol extracts of SC and TOL to alleviate the symptoms of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS HaCaT cells and the dorsal skin of Nc/Nga mice had a local exposure of house mite extracts and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), respectively. After lesions developed, we topically applied 1,3-butylen glycol (vehicle; control), SC (30%), TOL (30%), or SC (15%)+TOL (15%) to the skin lesions for 5 weeks. The normal-control was not exposed to DNCB. The skin thickness, mast cell infiltration, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 and gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the dorsal skin and HaCaT cells were measured. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid (129.6±10.2μg/g) for SC and catechin and apigenin (93.4±13.2 and 16.9±1.3μg/g, respectively) for TOL were used as indicator compounds for the strength of the extracts. SC+TOL decreased the expression of protease-activated receptor-2 and ICAM-1 and the release of TNF-α and IL-6 in HaCaT cells activated by 3μg/mL house mite extracts in comparison to either of SC or TOL alone. In Nc/Nga mice challenged with DNCB, SC+TOL synergistically attenuated clinical symptoms of AD such as erythema, hemorrhage, edema, excoriation and dryness in the dorsal skin better than either SC or TOL alone. Histological analysis of the dorsal skin also showed that SC+TOL treatment significantly and additively decreased the inflammatory cellular infiltrate, including mast cells and eosinophils in comparison to either of SC or TOL. SC+TOL also decreased serum IgE and IgG1 levels and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 mRNA in dorsal skin in DNCB-treated Nc/Nga mice. CONCLUSION SC+TOL relieved the symptoms of AD by reducing pro-inflammatory activity and over-activated immune responses. These data suggest that SC+TOL may be an effective alternative intervention for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yang
- Division of Strategic Food Industry Research, Korea Food Research Institute, South Korea; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Yong In University, South Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, South Korea; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Yong In University, South Korea.
| | - Suna Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
| | - Na Rang Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
| | - Na Ra Lee
- Department of Nanobiomechatronics, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
| | - Kang Sung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Yong In University, South Korea.
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
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