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Wilson-Whitford SR, Roffin MC, Gao J, Kaewpetch T, Gilchrist JF. Yield stress-enabled microencapsulation of field responsive microparticle suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9139-9145. [PMID: 37847173 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Try and encapsulate microparticles inside the cores of microcapsules and you will often find that particles adhere to the liquid-liquid interface in a phenomenon known as Pickering stabilization. Particles will remain irreversibly trapped and embedded within the subsequently formed microcapsule membrane. In cases where the encapsulant particles must remain suspended inside the microcapsule core to retain their desired properties or behaviours, Pickering stabilization is detrimental. Here we demonstrate a general procedure using yield stress materials as the core material, where the yield stress of the gel is strong enough to suspend particles against sedimentation, but weak enough to allow spatial manipulation of encapsulant particles using an external field. This external field imparts enough force on particles to disrupt the supporting network and allow particle mobility after encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Wilson-Whitford
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Maria Chiara Roffin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jinghui Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
| | - Thitiporn Kaewpetch
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James F Gilchrist
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
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2
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Wang S, Wang H, Cheng Y. Numerical simulation of mixing-induced dynamic interfacial tension inside droplet by lattice Boltzmann method. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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3
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Continuous-flow synthesis of amphiphilic rhodamine B-polymethylsilsesquioxane fluorescent microspheres for micro-PIV analysis. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Sahin MA, Werner H, Udani S, Di Carlo D, Destgeer G. Flow lithography for structured microparticles: fundamentals, methods and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4007-4042. [PMID: 35920614 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Structured microparticles, with unique shapes, customizable sizes, multiple materials, and spatially-defined chemistries, are leading the way for emerging 'lab on a particle' technologies. These microparticles with engineered designs find applications in multiplexed diagnostics, drug delivery, single-cell secretion assays, single-molecule detection assays, high throughput cytometry, micro-robotics, self-assembly, and tissue engineering. In this article we review state-of-the-art particle manufacturing technologies based on flow-assisted photolithography performed inside microfluidic channels. Important physicochemical concepts are discussed to provide a basis for understanding the fabrication technologies. These photolithography technologies are compared based on the structural as well as compositional complexity of the fabricated particles. Particles are categorized, from 1D to 3D particles, based on the number of dimensions that can be independently controlled during the fabrication process. After discussing the advantages of the individual techniques, important applications of the fabricated particles are reviewed. Lastly, a future perspective is provided with potential directions to improve the throughput of particle fabrication, realize new particle shapes, measure particles in an automated manner, and adopt the 'lab on a particle' technologies to other areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akif Sahin
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Helen Werner
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Shreya Udani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
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5
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Evolution of Water-in-Oil Droplets in T-Junction Microchannel by Micro-PIV. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water-in-oil droplets have huge importance in chemical and biotechnology applications, despite their difficulty being produced in microfluidics. Moreover, existing studies focus more on the different shape of microchannels instead of their size, which is one of the critical factors that can influence flow characteristics of the droplets. Therefore, the present work aims to study the behaviours of water-in-oil droplets at the interfacial surface in an offset T-junction microchannel, having different radiuses, using micro-PIV software. Food-grade palm olein and distilled water seeded with polystyrene microspheres particles were used as working fluids, and their captured images showing their generated droplets’ behaviours focused on the junction of the respective microfluidic channel, i.e., radiuses of 400 µm, 500 µm, 750 µm and 1000 µm, were analysed via PIVlab. The increasing in the radius of the offset T-junction microchannel leads to the increase in the cross-sectional area and the decrease in the distilled water phase’s velocity. The experimental velocity of the water droplet is in agreement with theoretical values, having a minimal difference as low as 0.004 mm/s for the case of the microchannel with a radius of 750 µm. In summary, a small increase in the channel’s size yields a significant increase in the overall flow of a liquid.
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6
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Sun H, Ren Y, Tao Y, Jiang T, Jiang H. Flexible online in-droplet cell/synthetic particle concentration utilizing alternating current electrothermal-flow field-effect transistor. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1987-1997. [PMID: 34008589 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell/particle concentration inside droplets holds great potential in extending lab-in-a-droplet applications, typically ranging from biological and chemical assays. Herein, we present a universal, massive and versatile technique, namely, alternating current electrothermal-flow field-effect transistor (ACET-FFET) to accomplish in-droplet cell/synthetic particle concentration on demand. Three parallel planar electrodes are utilized to generate an artificially reorderable electric field inside droplets by tuning the gate voltage through field-effect control, which results in a reshapable ACET-based microvortices pattern for in-droplet concentration. A downstream Y-shaped junction promotes the mother droplet splitting into two daughter droplets containing highly and poorly concentrated cells/particles, respectively. Fluorescent polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles are used to characterize the variations of ACET-microvortices flow pattern formation within droplets. Moreover, the concentration performance is demonstrated using PS microparticles and Neurospora crassa cells. We show that particles/cells can flexibly accumulate into any daughter droplet or be equally concentrated in both daughter droplets by conveniently regulating the gate voltage. The highly concentrated cells at the entrance of the concentrator show an instantaneous response performance to the external electric field. Further, online simultaneous particle synthesis and concentration inside droplets are proposed and implemented for the first time, demonstrated by efficient in-droplet micromixing and Prussian blue (PB) reaction. The accompanying synthetic PB particles are highly concentrated into either daughter droplet, thereby extending the versatility of the platform. The presented in-droplet concentration strategy, together with its unique features of simple geometric configuration, facile operation and broad applicability can broaden utility in droplet microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Sun
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001.
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001. and State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001.
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001.
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001.
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7
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Two-phase flow and mass transfer in microchannels: A review from local mechanism to global models. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Gerlt MS, Haidas D, Ratschat A, Suter P, Dittrich PS, Dual J. Manipulation of single cells inside nanoliter water droplets using acoustic forces. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:064112. [PMID: 33381252 PMCID: PMC7749759 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics enables high-throughput screening of single cells and is particularly valuable for applications, where the secreted compounds are analyzed. Typically, optical methods are employed for analysis, which are limited in their applicability as labeling protocols are required. Alternative label-free methods such as mass spectrometry would broaden the range of assays but are harmful to the cells, which is detrimental for some applications such as directed evolution. In this context, separation of cells from supernatant is beneficial prior to the analysis to retain viable cells. In this work, we propose an in-droplet separation method based on contactless and label-free acoustic particle manipulation. In a microfluidic chip, nanoliter droplets containing particles are produced at a T-junction. The particles are trapped in the tip of the droplet by the interplay of acoustic forces in two dimensions and internal flow fields. The droplets are subsequently split at a second T-junction into two daughter droplets-one containing the supernatant and the other containing the corresponding particles. The separation efficiency is measured in detail for polystyrene (PS) beads as a function of droplet speed, size, split ratio, and particle concentration. Further, single-bead (PS) and single-cell (yeast) experiments were carried out. At a throughput of 114 droplets/min, a separation efficiency of 100% ± 0% was achieved for more than 150 droplets. Finally, mammalian cells and bacteria were introduced into the system to test its versatility. This work demonstrates a robust, non-invasive strategy to perform single yeast cell-supernatant sampling in nanoliter volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Gerlt
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Institute for Mechanical Systems (IMES), Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Haidas
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Bioanalytics Group, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Ratschat
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Institute for Mechanical Systems (IMES), Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Suter
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Institute for Mechanical Systems (IMES), Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Bioanalytics Group, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Dual
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Institute for Mechanical Systems (IMES), Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Han SI, Huang C, Han A. In-droplet cell separation based on bipolar dielectrophoretic response to facilitate cellular droplet assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3832-3841. [PMID: 32926042 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00710b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Precise manipulation of cells within water-in-oil emulsion droplets has the potential to vastly expand the type of cellular assays that can be conducted in droplet-based microfluidics systems. However, achieving such manipulation remains challenging. Here, we present an in-droplet label-free cell separation technology by utilizing different dielectrophoretic responses of two different cell types. Two pairs of angled planar electrodes were utilized to generate positive or negative dielectrophoretic force acting on each cell type, which results in selective in-droplet movement of only one specific cell type at a time. A downstream asymmetric Y-shaped microfluidic junction splits the mother droplet into two daughter droplets, each of which contains only one cell type. The capability of this platform was successfully demonstrated by conducting in-droplet separation from a mixture of Salmonella cells and macrophages, two cell types commonly used as a bacterial pathogenicity analysis model. This technology enable the precise manipulation of cells within droplets, which can be exploited as a critical function in implementing broader ranges of droplet-based microfluidics cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-I Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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10
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Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Dittrich PS. In-Droplet Electrophoretic Separation and Enrichment of Biomolecules. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8414-8421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Saucedo-Espinosa
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Hébert M, Courtney M, Ren CL. Semi-automated on-demand control of individual droplets with a sample application to a drug screening assay. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1490-1501. [PMID: 30912559 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Automated control of individual droplets in microfluidic channels offers tremendous potential for applications requiring high accuracy and minimal user involvement. The feasibility of active droplet control has been previously demonstrated with pressure-driven flow control and visual feedback, but the manual operation required to perform droplet manipulations limited the accuracy, repeatability, and throughput. The present study improves upon the aforementioned challenges with a higher-level algorithm capturing the dynamics of droplet motion for a semi-automated control system. With a simple T junction geometry, droplets can now be automatically and precisely controlled on-demand. Specifically, there is ±10% accuracy for droplet generation, ±1.3% monodispersity for 500 μm long droplets and ±4% accuracy for splitting ratios. On-demand merging, mixing, and sorting are also demonstrated as well as the application of a drug screening assay related to neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, this system serves as a foundation for a fully automated system that does not require valves, embedded electrodes, or complex multi-layer fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hébert
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering at University of Waterloo, 200, University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Zheng T, Zhang Z, Zhu R. Flexible Trapping and Manipulation of Single Cells on a Chip by Modulating Phases and Amplitudes of Electrical Signals Applied onto Microelectrodes. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4479-4487. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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13
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Multiphase processes with ionic liquids in microreactors: hydrodynamics, mass transfer and applications. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Park J, Destgeer G, Kim H, Cho Y, Sung HJ. In-droplet microparticle washing and enrichment using surface acoustic wave-driven acoustic radiation force. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2936-2945. [PMID: 30140820 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00733k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Washing and enrichment of particles and cells are crucial sample preparation procedures in biomedical and biochemical assays. On-chip in-droplet microparticle washing and enrichment have been pursued but remained problematic due to technical difficulties, especially simultaneous and precise control over the droplet interface and in-droplet samples. Here, we have achieved a breakthrough in label-free, continuous, on-demand, in-droplet microparticle washing and enrichment using surface acoustic waves. When exposed to the acoustic field, the droplet and suspended particles experience acoustic radiation force arising from inhomogeneous wave scattering at the liquid/liquid and liquid/solid interfaces. Based on these acoustophoretic phenomena, we have demonstrated in-droplet microparticle washing and enrichment in an acoustofluidic device. We expect that the proposed acoustic method will offer new perspectives to sample washing and enrichment by performing the operation in microscale droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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15
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Tenje M, Fornell A, Ohlin M, Nilsson J. Particle Manipulation Methods in Droplet Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2017; 90:1434-1443. [PMID: 29188994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This Feature describes the different particle manipulation techniques available in the droplet microfluidics toolbox to handle particles encapsulated inside droplets and to manipulate whole droplets. We address the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques to guide new users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tenje
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala, 751 21, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Lund, 223 63, Sweden
| | - Anna Fornell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Lund, 223 63, Sweden
| | - Mathias Ohlin
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala, 751 21, Sweden
| | - Johan Nilsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Lund, 223 63, Sweden
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16
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Park K, Park J, Jung JH, Destgeer G, Ahmed H, Sung HJ. In-droplet microparticle separation using travelling surface acoustic wave. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:064112. [PMID: 29308101 PMCID: PMC5739910 DOI: 10.1063/1.5010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Droplets in microfluidic systems can contain microscale objects such as cells and microparticles. The control of the positions of microscale objects within a microchannel is crucial for practical applications in not only continuous-flow-based but also droplet-based systems. This paper proposes an active method for the separation of microparticles inside moving droplets which uses travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs). We demonstrate the preconcentration and separation of 5 and 10 μm polystyrene microparticles in moving water-in-oil droplets through the application of TSAWs with two different frequencies. The microparticles inside the droplets are affected by the acoustic radiation force induced by the TSAWs to move laterally in the direction of the TSAW propagation and are thereby separated according to their size. In-droplet separation is then demonstrated through droplet splitting at a Y-junction. Compared to our previous studies, this acoustic approach offers the label-free and on-demand separation of different-sized micro-objects in moving droplets. The present method has potential uses such as in-droplet sample purification and enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangseok Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Husnain Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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17
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Han SI, Soo Kim H, Han A. In-droplet cell concentration using dielectrophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 97:41-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Fornell A, Ohlin M, Garofalo F, Nilsson J, Tenje M. An intra-droplet particle switch for droplet microfluidics using bulk acoustic waves. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:031101. [PMID: 28580044 PMCID: PMC5446280 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To transfer cell- and bead-assays into droplet-based platforms typically requires the use of complex microfluidic circuits, which calls for methods to switch the direction of the encapsulated particles. We present a microfluidic chip where the combination of acoustic manipulation at two different harmonics and a trident-shaped droplet-splitter enables direction-switching of microbeads and yeast cells in droplet microfluidic circuits. At the first harmonic, the encapsulated particles exit the splitter in the center daughter droplets, while at the second harmonic, the particles exit in the side daughter droplets. This method holds promises for droplet-based assays where particle-positioning needs to be selectively controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fornell
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mathias Ohlin
- Department Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabio Garofalo
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Nilsson
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Wang S, Sung KJ, Lin XN, Burns MA. Bead mediated separation of microparticles in droplets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173479. [PMID: 28282412 PMCID: PMC5345812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exchange of components such as particles and cells in droplets is important and highly desired in droplet microfluidic assays, and many current technologies use electrical or magnetic fields to accomplish this process. Bead-based microfluidic techniques offer an alternative approach that uses the bead's solid surface to immobilize targets like particles or biological material. In this paper, we demonstrate a bead-based technique for exchanging droplet content by separating fluorescent microparticles in a microfluidic device. The device uses posts to filter surface-functionalized beads from a droplet and re-capture the filtered beads in a new droplet. With post spacing of 7 μm, beads above 10 μm had 100% capture efficiency. We demonstrate the efficacy of this system using targeted particles that bind onto the functionalized beads and are, therefore, transferred from one solution to another in the device. Binding capacity tests performed in the bulk phase showed an average binding capacity of 5 particles to each bead. The microfluidic device successfully separated the targeted particles from the non-targeted particles with up to 98% purity and 100% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ki-Joo Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxia Nina Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Burns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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20
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Marcali M, Elbuken C. Impedimetric detection and lumped element modelling of a hemagglutination assay in microdroplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2494-2503. [PMID: 27270895 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00623j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic systems offer tremendous benefits for high throughput biochemical assays. Despite the wide use of electrical detection for microfluidic systems, application of impedimetric sensing for droplet systems is very limited. This is mainly due to the insulating oil-based continuous phase used for most aqueous samples of interest. We present modelling and experimental verification of impedimetric detection of hemagglutination in microdroplets. We have detected agglutinated red blood cells in microdroplets and screened whole blood samples for multiple antibody sera using conventional microelectrodes. We were able to form antibody and whole blood microdroplets in PDMS microchannels without any tedious chemical surface treatment. Following the injection of a blood sample into antibody droplets, we have detected the agglutination-positive and negative droplets in an automated manner. In order to understand the characteristics of impedimetric detection inside microdroplets, we have developed the lumped electrical circuit equivalent of an impedimetric droplet content detection system. The empirical lumped element values are in accordance with similar models developed for single phase electrical impedance spectroscopy systems. The presented approach is of interest for label-free, quantitative analysis of droplets. In addition, the standard electronic equipment used for detection allows miniaturized detection circuitries that can be integrated with a fluidic system for a quantitative microdroplet-based hemagglutination assay that is conventionally performed in well plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Marcali
- UNAM, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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Fornell A, Nilsson J, Jonsson L, Periyannan Rajeswari PK, Joensson HN, Tenje M. Controlled Lateral Positioning of Microparticles Inside Droplets Using Acoustophoresis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10521-6. [PMID: 26422760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we utilize bulk acoustic waves to control the position of microparticles inside droplets in two-phase microfluidic systems and demonstrate a method to enrich the microparticles. In droplet microfluidics, different unit operations are combined and integrated on-chip to miniaturize complex biochemical assays. We present a droplet unit operation capable of controlling the position of microparticles during a trident shaped droplet split. An acoustic standing wave field is generated in the microchannel, and the acoustic forces direct the encapsulated microparticles to the center of the droplets. The method is generic, requires no labeling of the microparticles, and is operated in a noncontact fashion. It was possible to achieve 2+-fold enrichment of polystyrene beads (5 μm in diameter) in the center daughter droplet with an average recovery of 89% of the beads. Red blood cells were also successfully manipulated inside droplets. These results show the possibility to use acoustophoresis in two-phase systems to enrich microparticles and open up the possibility for new droplet-based assays that are not performed today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fornell
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Nilsson
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linus Jonsson
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Prem Kumar Periyannan Rajeswari
- Div. of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, S-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Haakan N Joensson
- Div. of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, S-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Tenje
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Lund University , Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Dept. Engineering Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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