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Rushworth J, Thawani AR, Fajardo-Ruiz E, Meiring JCM, Heise C, White AJP, Akhmanova A, Brandt JR, Thorn-Seshold O, Fuchter MJ. [5]-Helistatins: Tubulin-Binding Helicenes with Antimitotic Activity. JACS AU 2022; 2:2561-2570. [PMID: 36465552 PMCID: PMC9709948 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Helicenes are high interest synthetic targets with unique conjugated helical structures that have found important technological applications. Despite this interest, helicenes have had limited impact in chemical biology. Herein, we disclose a first-in-class antimitotic helicene, helistatin 1 (HA-1), where the helicene scaffold acts as a structural mimic of colchicine, a known antimitotic drug. The synthesis proceeds via sequential Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions and a π-Lewis acid cycloisomerization mediated by PtCl2. HA-1 was found to block microtubule polymerization in both cell-free and live cell assays. Not only does this demonstrate the feasibility of using helicenes as bioactive scaffolds against protein targets, but also suggests wider potential for the use of helicenes as isosteres of biaryls or cis-stilbenes-themselves common drug and natural product scaffolds. Overall, this study further supports future opportunities for helicenes for a range of chemical biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
L. Rushworth
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, U.K.
| | - Aditya R. Thawani
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, U.K.
| | - Elena Fajardo-Ruiz
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University
of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Joyce C. M. Meiring
- Cell
Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, Netherlands
| | - Constanze Heise
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University
of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, U.K.
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell
Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, Netherlands
| | - Jochen R. Brandt
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, U.K.
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University
of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, U.K.
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2
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Kostin RK, Marshavin AS. Pyrazoles, isoxazoles, and 1,2,3-triazoles as analogs of the natural cytostatic combretastatin A-4: efficient routes of synthesis, tubulin inhibition, and cytotoxicity. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Paidakula S, Nerella S, Kankala S, Kankala RK. Recent Trends in Tubulin-Binding Combretastatin A-4 Analogs for Anticancer Drug Development. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3748-3773. [PMID: 34856892 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211202101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress over several decades has been evidenced in cancer therapy, there still remains a need for the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies to treat several relapsed and intractable cancers. In this regard, tubulin protein has become one of the efficient and major targets for anticancer drug discovery. Considering the antimitotic ability, several tubulin inhibitors have been developed to act against various cancers. Among various tubulin inhibitors available, combretastatin-A4 (CA-4), a naturally occurring lead molecule, offers exceptional cytotoxicity (including the drug-resistant cell lines) and antivascular effects. Although CA-4 offers exceptional therapeutic efficacy, several new advancements have been proposed, such as the structural modification via A and B rings, as well as cis-olefinic bridging, which provide highly efficient analogs with improved tubulin-binding efficiency to meet the anticancer drug development requirements. This review systematically emphasizes the recent trends and latest developments in the anticancer drug design & discovery, using CA-4 analogs as the tubulin inhibiting agents, highlighting their structure-activity relationships (SAR) and resultant pharmacological efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Paidakula
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana State. India
| | - Srinivas Nerella
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana State. India
| | - Shravankumar Kankala
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana State. India
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4
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Wang C, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang Z, Liu Z, Man S, Zhang Y, Bao K, Wu Y, Guan Q, Zuo D, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-Aryl-5-(4-arylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1 H-tetrazols as novel microtubule destabilizers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:549-560. [PMID: 33522315 PMCID: PMC8759721 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1759582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 1-aryl-5-(4-arylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1H-tetrazols as microtubule destabilizers were designed, synthesised and evaluated for anticancer activity. Based on bioisosterism, we introduced the tetrazole moiety containing the hydrogen-bond acceptors as B-ring of XRP44X analogues. The key intermediates ethyl 1-aryl-1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylates 10 can be simply and efficiently prepared via a microwave-assisted continuous operation process. Among the compounds synthesised, compound 6-31 showed noteworthy potency against SGC-7901, A549 and HeLa cell lines. In mechanism studies, compound 6-31 inhibited tubulin polymerisation and disorganised microtubule in SGC-7901 cells by binding to tubulin. Moreover, compound 6-31 arrested SGC-7901cells in G2/M phase. This study provided a new perspective for development of antitumor agents that target tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuelin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Bao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Antitubulin Agents Containing 2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyanilino)-3,6-disubstituted-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridine Scaffold. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071690. [PMID: 32272719 PMCID: PMC7181277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel series of compounds based on the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene molecular skeleton, characterized by the presence of a 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyanilino moiety and a cyano or an alkoxycarbonyl group at its 2- or 3-position, respectively, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antiproliferative activity on a panel of cancer cell lines and for selected highly active compounds, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and cell cycle effects. We have identified the 2-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyanilino)-3-cyano-6-methoxycarbonyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine derivative 3a and its 6-ethoxycarbonyl homologue 3b as new antiproliferative agents that inhibit cancer cell growth with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 4.7 μM against a panel of three cancer cell lines. Their interaction with tubulin at micromolar levels leads to the accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and to an apoptotic cell death. The cell apoptosis study found that compounds 3a and 3b were very effective in the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. These two derivatives did not induce cell death in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that they may be selective against cancer cells. Molecular docking studies confirmed that the inhibitory activity of these molecules on tubulin polymerization derived from binding to the colchicine site.
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6
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Exploring Diverse-Ring Analogues on Combretastatin A4 (CA-4) Olefin as Microtubule-Targeting Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051817. [PMID: 32155790 PMCID: PMC7084768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin-4 (CA-4) as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor draws extensive attentions. However, due to its weak stability of cis-olefin and poor metabolic stability, structure modifications on cis-configuration are being performed. In this work, we constructed a series of novel CA-4 analogues with linkers on olefin containing diphenylethanone, cis-locked dihydrofuran, α-substituted diphenylethanone, cyclobutane and cyclohexane on its cis-olefin. Cytotoxic activity of all analogues was measured by an SRB assay. Among them, compound 6b, a by-product in the preparation of diphenylethanone analogues, was found to be the most potent cytotoxic agents against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of less than 0.5 μM. The two isomers of 6b induced cellular apoptosis tested by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) double staining, arrested cells in the G2/M phase by PI staining analysis, and disrupted microtubule network by immunohistochemistry study in HepG2 cells. Moreover, 6b-(E) displayed a dose-dependent inhibition effect for tubulin assembly in in vitro tubulin polymerization assay. In addition, molecular docking studies showed that two isomers of 6b could bind efficiently at colchicine binding site of tubulin similar to CA-4.
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7
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Synthesis and bioevaluation of diarylpyrazoles as antiproliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Zhai M, Liu S, Gao M, Wang L, Sun J, Du J, Guan Q, Bao K, Zuo D, Wu Y, Zhang W. 3,5-Diaryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors: Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:426-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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Zhai M, Wang L, Liu S, Wang L, Yan P, Wang J, Zhang J, Guo H, Guan Q, Bao K, Wu Y, Zhang W. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone derivatives as tubulin inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:137-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Wang JL, Li HJ, Wu YC. Divergent Synthesis of Marine Natural Products Siphonodictyal B, Corallidictyals C/D, and Liphagal Based on the Early Presence of an Aldehyde Group Instead of a Late-Stage Introduction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8716-8723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, ICCAS, Beijing 100190, China
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11
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Song MY, Cao CY, He QR, Dong QM, Li D, Tang JJ, Gao JM. Constructing novel dihydrofuran and dihydroisoxazole analogues of isocombretastatin-4 as tubulin polymerization inhibitors through [3+2] reactions. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5290-5302. [PMID: 28803799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[3+2] reactions play a key role in constructing various pharmaceutical moleculars. In this study, using Mn(OAc)3 mediated and 1,3-dipolar [3+2] cyclization reactions, 38 novel dihydrofuran and dihydroisoxazole analogues of isoCA-4 were synthesized as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Among them, compound 6g was found to be the most potent cytotoxic agents against PC-3 cells with IC50 value of 0.47μM, and compound 5p exhibted highest activity on HeLa cells with IC50 vaule of 2.32µM. Tubulin polymerization assay revealed that 6g was a dose-dependent and effective inhibitor of tubulin assembly. Immunohistochemistry studies and cell cycle distribution analysis indicated that 6g severely disrupted microtubule network and significantly arrested most cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in PC-3 cells. In addition, molecular docking studies showed that two chiral isomers of 6g can bind efficiently and similarly at colchicine binding site of tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Chen-Yu Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Qiu-Rui He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Qing-Miao Dong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ding Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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12
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Seddigi ZS, Malik MS, Saraswati AP, Ahmed SA, Babalghith AO, Lamfon HA, Kamal A. Recent advances in combretastatin based derivatives and prodrugs as antimitotic agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1592-1603. [PMID: 30108870 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and crucial role of tubulin in different cellular functions rendered it a promising target in anticancer drug development. Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization isolated from natural sources, is a lead molecule with significant cytotoxicity against tumour cells. Owing to its non polar nature it exhibits low solubility in natural biological fluids, thereby prompting the development of new CA-4 based derivatives. The modification of this lead molecule was mostly carried out by keeping the crucial cis-orientation of the double bond intact, along with a trimethoxyphenyl aromatic ring, by employing different approaches. The issue of solubility was also addressed by the development of water soluble prodrugs of CA-4. The present review highlights the investigations into the parallel development of both new CA-4 based derivatives and prodrugs in the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki S Seddigi
- Department of Environmental Health , College of Public Health and Health Informatics , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - M Shaheer Malik
- Science and Technology Unit , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - A Prasanth Saraswati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 40 27193157
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Applied Sciences , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawazen A Lamfon
- Department of Biology , Faculty of Applied Sciences , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 40 27193157
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13
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Shanmuganathan T, Venugopal M, Parthasarathy K, Dhatchanamoorthy N, Arun Y, Prince AAM. Synthesis of novel bis-allyloxy and hydroxypropoxy derivatives of 4, 5-diaryl thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and their biological evaluation. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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SHANMUGANATHAN T, PARTHASARATHY K, VENUGOPAL M, ARUN Y, DHATCHANAMOORTHY N, PRINCE AAM. Synthesis, in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and molecular docking studies of novel 4,5-diarylthiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Shi JB, Chen LZ, Wang Y, Xiou C, Tang WJ, Zhou HP, Liu XH, Yao QZ. Benzophenone-nucleoside derivatives as telomerase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:729-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Novel Natural Product- and Privileged Scaffold-Based Tubulin Inhibitors Targeting the Colchicine Binding Site. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101375. [PMID: 27754459 PMCID: PMC6273505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin inhibitors are effective anticancer agents, however, there are many limitations to the use of available tubulin inhibitors in the clinic, such as multidrug resistance, severe side-effects, and generally poor bioavailability. Thus, there is a constant need to search for novel tubulin inhibitors that can overcome these limitations. Natural product and privileged structures targeting tubulin have promoted the discovery and optimization of tubulin inhibitors. This review will focus on novel tubulin inhibitors derived from natural products and privileged structures targeting the colchicine binding site on tubulin.
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17
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Kamal A, Subba Rao AV, Srinivasa Reddy T, Polepalli S, Shaik SP, Bagul C, Vishnuvardhan MVPS, Jain N. Aryl-imidazothiadiazole analogues as microtubule disrupting agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of tubulin polymerization and the docked pose of 5k in the colchicine binding site of tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - A. V. Subba Rao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - T. Srinivasa Reddy
- IICT-RMIT Research Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Sowjanya Polepalli
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Siddiq Pasha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Chandrakant Bagul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad 500 037
- India
| | | | - Nishant Jain
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
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