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Xiang M, Zhou C, Yang XL, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Visible Light-Catalyzed Benzylic C-H Bond Chlorination by a Combination of Organic Dye (Acr +-Mes) and N-Chlorosuccinimide. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9080-9087. [PMID: 32434320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By combining "N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS)" as the safe chlorine source with "Acr+-Mes" as the photocatalyst, we successfully achieved benzylic C-H bond chlorination under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, benzylic chlorides could be converted to benzylic ethers smoothly in a one-pot manner by adding sodium methoxide. This mild and scalable chlorination method worked effectively for diverse toluene derivatives, especially for electron-deficient substrates. Careful mechanistic studies supported that NCS provided a hydrogen abstractor "N-centered succinimidyl radical," which was responsible for the cleavage of the benzylic C-H bond, relying on the reducing ability of Acr•-Mes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Unprecedented Formation of 2‐Chloro‐5‐(2‐chlorobenzyl)‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridine 5‐oxide via Oxidation‐Chlorination Reaction Using Oxone: A Combination of Synthesis and 1D‐2D NMR Studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Li ZH, Fiser B, Jiang BL, Li JW, Xu BH, Zhang SJ. N-Hydroxyphthalimide/benzoquinone-catalyzed chlorination of hydrocarbon C-H bond using N-chlorosuccinimide. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3403-3408. [PMID: 30869109 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct chlorination of C-H bonds has received considerable attention in recent years. In this work, a metal-free protocol for hydrocarbon C-H bond chlorination with commercially available N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) with 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (DDQ) functioning as an external radical initiator is presented. Aliphatic and benzylic substituents and also heteroaromatic ones were found to be well tolerated. Both the experiments and theoretical analysis indicate that the reaction goes through a process wherein NHPI functions as a catalyst rather than as an initiator. On the other hand, the hydrogen abstraction of the C-H bond conducted by a PINO species rather than the highly reactive N-centered radicals rationalizes the high chemoselectivity of the monochlorination obtained by this protocol as the latter is reactive towards the C(sp3)-H bonds of the monochlorides. The present results could hold promise for further development of a nitroxy-radical system for the highly selective functionalization of the aliphatic and benzylic hydrocarbon C-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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4
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Bayguzina AR, Gallyamova LI, Khalilov LM, Khusnutdinov RI. Synthesis of mono- and difluorobenzyl chlorides by chlorination of mono- and difluorotoluenes with CCl4 and t-BuOCl induced by iron-containing catalysts. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Lakshmi Reddy V, Prathima PS, Rao VJ, Bikshapathi R. An efficient synthesis of versatile synthon 3-chlorooxindoles with NaCl/oxone. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes an expedient approach for the direct conversion of indole-3-carboxaldehyde to 3-chlorooxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanammoole Lakshmi Reddy
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals
- Organic Division II
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Parvathaneni Sai Prathima
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals
- Organic Division II
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals
- Organic Division II
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Raktani Bikshapathi
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals
- Organic Division II
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
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6
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Zhao M, Lu W. Visible Light-Induced Oxidative Chlorination of Alkyl sp 3 C-H Bonds with NaCl/Oxone at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2017; 19:4560-4563. [PMID: 28817287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced monochlorination of cyclohexane with sodium chloride (5:1) has been successfully accomplished to afford chlorocyclohexane in excellent yield by using Oxone as the oxidant in H2O/CF3CH2OH at room temperature. Other secondary and primary alkyl sp3 C-H bonds of cycloalkanes and functional branch/linear alkanes can also be chlorinated, respectively, under similar conditions. The selection of a suitable organic solvent is crucial in these efficient radical chlorinations of alkanes in two-phase solutions. It is studied further by the achievement of high chemoselectivity in the chlorination of the benzyl sp3 C-H bond or the aryl sp2 C-H bond of toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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7
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Combe SH, Hosseini A, Parra A, Schreiner PR. Mild Aliphatic and Benzylic Hydrocarbon C-H Bond Chlorination Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2407-2413. [PMID: 28106993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present the controlled monochlorination of aliphatic and benzylic hydrocarbons with only 1 equiv of substrate at 25-30 °C using N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as radical initiator and commercially available trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as the chlorine source. Catalytic amounts of CBr4 reduced the reaction times considerably due to the formation of chain-carrying ·CBr3 radicals. Benzylic C-H chlorination affords moderate to good yields for arenes carrying electron-withdrawing (50-85%) or weakly electron-donating groups (31-73%); cyclic aliphatic substrates provide low yields (24-38%). The products could be synthesized on a gram scale followed by simple purification via distillation. We report the first direct side-chain chlorination of 3-methylbenzoate affording methyl 3-(chloromethyl)benzoate, which is an important building block for the synthesis of vasodilator taprostene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha H Combe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Abolfazl Hosseini
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Chen C, Liu W, Zhou P, Liu H. I2/TBHP-mediated oxidative coupling of ketones and toluene derivatives: a facile method for the preparation of α-benzoyloxy ketones. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of α-benzoyloxy ketones from ketones and toluenes using TBHP as the surrogate of toxic heavy-metal oxidants and the oxygen source of the incorporated oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming 525000
- P. R. China
| | - Weibing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming 525000
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming 525000
- P. R. China
| | - Hailing Liu
- College Analytical & Testing Centre
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- People's Republic of China
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