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Huber R, Marcourt L, Héritier M, Luscher A, Guebey L, Schnee S, Michellod E, Guerrier S, Wolfender JL, Scapozza L, Köhler T, Gindro K, Queiroz EF. Generation of potent antibacterial compounds through enzymatic and chemical modifications of the trans-δ-viniferin scaffold. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15986. [PMID: 37749179 PMCID: PMC10520035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stilbene dimers are well-known for their diverse biological activities. In particular, previous studies have demonstrated the high antibacterial potential of a series of trans-δ-viniferin-related compounds against gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. The trans-δ-viniferin scaffold has multiple chemical functions and can therefore be modified in various ways to generate derivatives. Here we report the synthesis of 40 derivatives obtained by light isomerization, O-methylation, halogenation and dimerization of other stilbene monomers. The antibacterial activities of all generated trans-δ-viniferin derivatives were evaluated against S. aureus and information on their structure-activity relationships (SAR) was obtained using a linear regression model. Our results show how several parameters, such as the O-methylation pattern and the presence of halogen atoms at specific positions, can determine the antibacterial activity. Taken together, these results can serve as a starting point for further SAR investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Huber
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Héritier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Luscher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Guebey
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Schnee
- Agroscope, Plant Protection Research Division, Mycology Group, Route de Duillier 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Michellod
- Agroscope, Plant Protection Research Division, Mycology Group, Route de Duillier 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Guerrier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Katia Gindro
- Agroscope, Plant Protection Research Division, Mycology Group, Route de Duillier 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland.
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Lombardi A, Campo M, Vignolini P, Papalini M, Pizzetti M, Bernini R. Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Circular Economy: Chemical Profile and Activity against Filamentous Fungi and Dermatophytes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114374. [PMID: 37298850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a relevant issue in agri-food and biomedical fields because they could compromise quality of food and humans' health. Natural extracts represent a safe alternative to synthetic fungicides and in the green chemistry and circular economy scenario, agro-industrial wastes and by-products offer an eco-friendly source of bioactive natural compounds. In this paper, phenolic-rich extracts from Olea europaea L. de-oiled pomace, Castanea sativa Mill. wood, Punica granatum L. peel, and Vitis vinifera L. pomace and seeds were characterized by HPLC-MS-DAD analysis. Finally, these extracts were tested as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic filamentous fungi and dermatophytes such as Aspergillus brasiliensis, Alternaria sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, and Trichophyton interdigitale. The experimental results evidenced that all extracts exhibited a significant growth inhibition for Trichophyton interdigitale. Punica granatum L., Castanea sativa Mill., and Vitis vinifera L. extracts showed a high activity against Alternaria sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer. These data are promising for the potential applications of some of these extracts as antifungal agents in the food and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lombardi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Margherita Campo
- Phytolab, Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti", DiSIA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pamela Vignolini
- Phytolab, Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti", DiSIA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Papalini
- Bioricerche S.r.l., Loc. Ferro di Cavallo, 58034 Castell'Azzara, Italy
| | - Mirco Pizzetti
- Bioricerche S.r.l., Loc. Ferro di Cavallo, 58034 Castell'Azzara, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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3
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Thebti A, Meddeb A, Ben Salem I, Bakary C, Ayari S, Rezgui F, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Boudabous A, Ouzari HI. Antimicrobial Activities and Mode of Flavonoid Actions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:225. [PMID: 36830135 PMCID: PMC9952116 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotics-resistant bacteria has been a serious concern for medical professionals over the last decade. Therefore, developing new and effective antimicrobials with modified or different modes of action is a continuing imperative. In this context, our study focuses on evaluating the antimicrobial activity of different chemically synthesized flavonoids (FLAV) to guide the chemical synthesis of effective antimicrobial molecules. A set of 12 synthesized molecules (4 chalcones, 4 flavones and 4 flavanones), bearing substitutions with chlorine and bromine groups at the C6' position and methoxy group at the C4' position of the B-ring were evaluated for antimicrobial activity toward 9 strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and 3 fungal strains. Our findings showed that most tested FLAV exhibited moderate to high antibacterial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between the range of 31.25 and 125 μg/mL and that chalcones were more efficient than flavones and flavanones. The examined compounds were also active against the tested fungi with a strong structure-activity relationship (SAR). Interestingly, leakage measurements of the absorbent material at 260 nm and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the brominated chalcone induced a significant membrane permeabilization of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Thebti
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, LR03ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Meddeb
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular, LR99ES14, University of Tunis-El Manar, El-Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Issam Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Microbiology and LNR-Mycology, University Hospital of Abderahman Mami, Ariana 2038, Tunisia
| | - Coulibaly Bakary
- Environment and Agrifood Laboratory (ENVAL), Contaminant Group, Abidjan 21 BP 950, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Sami Ayari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, LR03ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Farhat Rezgui
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular, LR99ES14, University of Tunis-El Manar, El-Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology, LR16IPT04, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, LR03ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, LR03ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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4
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Muñoz-Palazon B, Gorrasi S, Rosa-Masegosa A, Pasqualetti M, Braconcini M, Fenice M. Treatment of High-Polyphenol-Content Waters Using Biotechnological Approaches: The Latest Update. Molecules 2022; 28:314. [PMID: 36615508 PMCID: PMC9822302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols and their intermediate metabolites are natural compounds that are spread worldwide. Polyphenols are antioxidant agents beneficial for human health, but exposure to some of these compounds can be harmful to humans and the environment. A number of industries produce and discharge polyphenols in water effluents. These emissions pose serious environmental issues, causing the pollution of surface or groundwater (which are used to provide drinking water) or harming wildlife in the receiving ecosystems. The treatment of high-polyphenol-content waters is mandatory for many industries. Nowadays, biotechnological approaches are gaining relevance for their low footprint, high efficiency, low cost, and versatility in pollutant removal. Biotreatments exploit the diversity of microbial metabolisms in relation to the different characteristics of the polluted water, modifying the design and the operational conditions of the technologies. Microbial metabolic features have been used for full or partial polyphenol degradation since several decades ago. Nowadays, the comprehensive use of biotreatments combined with physical-chemical treatments has enhanced the removal rates to provide safe and high-quality effluents. In this review, the evolution of the biotechnological processes for treating high-polyphenol-content water is described. A particular emphasis is given to providing a general concept, indicating which bioprocess might be adopted considering the water composition and the economic/environmental requirements. The use of effective technologies for environmental phenol removal could help in reducing/avoiding the detrimental effects of these chemicals. In addition, some of them could be employed for the recovery of beneficial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Susanna Gorrasi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Aurora Rosa-Masegosa
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marcella Pasqualetti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Laboratory of Ecology of Marine Fungi, CoNISMa, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Martina Braconcini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fenice
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Laboratory of Applied Marine Microbiology, CoNISMa, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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5
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Li C, Dai T, Chen J, Chen M, Liang R, Liu C, Du L, McClements DJ. Modification of flavonoids: methods and influences on biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10637-10658. [PMID: 35687361 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2083572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important active ingredients in plant-based food, which have many beneficial effects on health. But the low solubility, poor oral bioavailability, and inferior stability of many flavonoids may limit their applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Structural modification can overcome these shortcomings to improve and extend the application of flavonoids. The study of how to modify flavonoids and the influence of various modifications on biological activity have drawn great interest in the current literature. In this review, the working principles and operating conditions of modification methods were summarized along with their potential and limitations in terms of operational safety, cost, and productivity. The influence of various modifications on biological activities and the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids derivatives were discussed and highlighted, which may give guidance for the synthesis of highly effective active agents. In addition, the safety of flavonoids derivatives is reviewed, and future research directions of flavonoid modification research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Taotao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruihong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqing Du
- China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Zhanjiang China
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6
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Maluleka MM, Mphahlele MJ. Crystal structure of 6-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)chroman-4-one (6-bromo-4′-chloroflavanone), C 15H 10BrClO 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C15H10BrClO2 monoclinic P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.2173(6) Å, b = 20.7174(14) Å, c = 6.9035(4) Å, β = 99.332(3)°, V = 1300.83(14) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0153, wRref
(F
2) = 0.121, T = 173(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marole M. Maluleka
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Agriculture School of Physical and Mineral Science, University of Limpopo , Private Bag X1106 Polokwane , Sovenga 0727 , South Africa
| | - Malose J. Mphahlele
- Department of Chemistry , College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa , Private Bag x06 Johannesburg , Floridapark 1710 , South Africa
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7
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Kolling D, Stierhof M, Lasch C, Myronovskyi M, Luzhetskyy A. A Promiscuous Halogenase for the Derivatization of Flavonoids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206220. [PMID: 34684801 PMCID: PMC8539768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenation often improves the bioactive properties of natural products and is used in pharmaceutical research for the generation of new potential drug leads. High regio- and stereospecificity, simple reaction conditions and straightforward downstream processing are the main advantages of halogenation using enzymatic biocatalysts compared to chemical synthetic approaches. The identification of new promiscuous halogenases for the modification of various natural products is of great interest in modern drug discovery. In this paper, we report the identification of a new promiscuous FAD-dependent halogenase, DklH, from Frankia alni ACN14a. The identified halogenase readily modifies various flavonoid compounds, including those with well-studied biological activities. This halogenase has been demonstrated to modify not only flavones and isoflavones, but also flavonols, flavanones and flavanonols. The structural requirements for DklH substrate recognition were determined using a feeding approach. The homology model of DklH and the mechanism of substrate recognition are also proposed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kolling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany; (D.K.); (M.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Marc Stierhof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany; (D.K.); (M.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Constanze Lasch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany; (D.K.); (M.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Maksym Myronovskyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany; (D.K.); (M.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany; (D.K.); (M.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
- AMEG Department, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-681-302-70200
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8
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de Matos IL, Birolli WG, Santos DDA, Nitschke M, Porto ALM. Stereoselective reduction of flavanones by marine-derived fungi. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Hurtová M, Biedermann D, Kuzma M, Křen V. Mild and Selective Method of Bromination of Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3324-3331. [PMID: 33170002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method was developed for the mild and selective bromination of simple aromatic compounds and flavonoids in good yields using α,β-dibromohydrocinnamic acid in the presence of a base. This procedure enables selective mono- or dibromination of compounds highly sensitive to oxidative or radical attack. New brominated derivatives of silymarin flavonolignans and related flavonoids were prepared. These brominated derivatives can be used as valuable synthetic intermediates in further synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hurtová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Neuenschwander A, Rocha VPC, Bastos TM, Marcourt L, Morin H, da Rocha CQ, Grimaldi GB, de Sousa KAF, Borges JN, Rivara-Minten E, Wolfender JL, Soares MBP, Queiroz EF. Production of Highly Active Antiparasitic Compounds from the Controlled Halogenation of the Arrabidaea brachypoda Crude Plant Extract. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2631-2640. [PMID: 32902988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct halogenation of phenolic compounds present in the CH2Cl2 extract of the roots of Arrabidaea brachypoda was investigated to enhance chemodiversity. The approach is based on eco-friendly reactions using NaBr, NaI, and NaCl in aqueous media to generate multiple "unnatural" halogenated natural products from crude extracts. The halogenation reactions, monitored by UHPLC-PDA-ELSD-MS, were optimized to generate mono-, di-, or trihalogenated derivatives. To isolate these compounds, the reactions were scaled up and the halogenated analogues were isolated by semipreparative HPLC-UV and fully characterized by NMR and HR-MS data. All of the original 16 halogenated derivatives were evaluated for their antiparasitic activities against the parasites Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. Compounds presenting selective antiparasitic activities against one or both parasites with IC50 values comparable to the reference were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Neuenschwander
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSW), University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Vinicius P C Rocha
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Tanira M Bastos
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSW), University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Morin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSW), University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cláudia Q da Rocha
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciência Exatas e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B Grimaldi
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Karoline A F de Sousa
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Jadson N Borges
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Rivara-Minten
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSW), University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSW), University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Milena B P Soares
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Emerson F Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSW), University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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11
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Dibromopinocembrin and Dibromopinostrobin Are Potential Anti-Dengue Leads with Mild Animal Toxicity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184154. [PMID: 32932762 PMCID: PMC7571160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue infection is one of the most deleterious public health concerns for two-billion world population being at risk. Plasma leakage, hemorrhage, and shock in severe cases were caused by immunological derangement from secondary heterotypic infection. Flavanone, commonly found in medicinal plants, previously showed potential as anti-dengue inhibitors for its direct antiviral effects and suppressing the pro-inflammatory cytokine from dengue immunopathogenesis. Here, we chemically modified flavanones, pinocembrin and pinostrobin, by halogenation and characterized them as potential dengue 2 inhibitors and performed toxicity tests in human-derived cells and in vivo animal model. Dibromopinocembrin and dibromopinostrobin inhibited dengue serotype 2 at the EC50s of 2.0640 ± 0.7537 and 5.8567 ± 0.5074 µM with at the CC50s of 67.2082 ± 0.9731 and >100 µM, respectively. Both of the compounds also showed minimal toxicity against adult C57BL/6 mice assessed by ALT and Cr levels in day one, three, and eight post-intravenous administration. Computational studies suggested the potential target be likely the NS5 methyltransferase at SAM-binding pocket. Taken together, these two brominated flavanones are potential leads for further drug discovery investigation.
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12
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Santos R, Pinto D, Magalhães C, Silva A. Halogenated Flavones and Isoflavones: A State-of-Art on their Synthesis. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:415-425. [PMID: 32473000 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200530213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid is a family of compounds present in the everyday consumption plants and fruits, contributing to a balanced diet and beneficial health effects. Being a scaffold for new drugs and presenting a wide range of applicability in the treatment of illnesses give them also an impact in medicine. Among the several types of flavonoids, flavone and isoflavone derivatives can be highlighted due to their prevalence in nature and biological activities already established. The standard synthetic route to obtain both halogenated flavones and isoflavones is through the use of already halogenated starting materials. Halogenation of the flavone and isoflavone core is less common because it is more complicated and involves some selectivity issues. OBJECTIVE Considering the importance of these flavonoids, we aim to present the main and more recent synthetic approaches towards their halogenation. METHODS The most prominent methodologies for the synthesis of halogenated flavones and isoflavones were reviewed. A careful survey of the reported data, using mainly the Scopus database and halogenation, flavones and isoflavones as keywords, was conducted. RESULTS Herein, a review is provided on the latest and more efficient halogenation protocols of flavones and isoflavones. Selective halogenation and the greener methodologies, including enzymatic and microbial halogenations, were reported. Nevertheless, some interesting protocols that allowed the synthesis of halogenated flavone and isoflavone derivatives in specific positions using halogenated reagents are also summarized. CONCLUSION Halogenated flavones and isoflavones have risen as noticeable structures; however, most of the time, the synthetic procedures involve toxic reagents and harsh reaction conditions. Therefore, the development of new synthetic routes with low environmental impact is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Clara Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Methoxy- Substituted γ-Oxa-ε-lactones Derived from Flavanones. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224151. [PMID: 31744042 PMCID: PMC6891755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Six γ-oxa-ε-lactones, 4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-2-one (5a) and its five derivatives with methoxy groups in different positions of A and B rings (5b–f), were synthesized from corresponding flavanones. Three of the obtained lactones (5b,c,f) have not been previously described in the literature. Structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by complete spectroscopic analysis with the assignments of signals on 1H and 13C-NMR spectra to the corresponding atoms. In most cases, lactones 5a–f exerted an inhibitory effect on the growth of selected pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus), filamentous fungi (Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria sp.), and yeast (Candida albicans). The broadest spectrum of activity was observed for unsubstituted lactone 5a, which was particularly active against filamentous fungi and yeast. Lactones with methoxy groups in the 3′ (5c) and 4′ (5d) position of B ring were more active towards bacteria whereas lactone substituted in the 7 position of the A ring (5e) exhibited higher antifungal activity. In most cases, the introduction of lactone function increased the activity of the compound compared to its flavonoid precursors, chalcones 3a–e, and flavanones 4a–f.
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14
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Bernini R, Carastro I, Santoni F, Clemente M. Synthesis of Lipophilic Esters of Tyrosol, Homovanillyl Alcohol and Hydroxytyrosol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E174. [PMID: 31197081 PMCID: PMC6617409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular weight phenols such as tyrosol, homovanillyl alcohol and hydroxytyrosol are valuable compounds that exhibit a high number of health-promoting effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Despite these remarkable properties, their applications such as dietary supplements and stabilizers of foods and cosmetics in non-aqueous media are limited for the hydrophilic character. With the aim to overcome this limitation, the paper describes a simple and low-cost procedure for the synthesis of lipophilic esters of tyrosol, homovanillyl alcohol and hydroxytyrosol. The reactions were carried out under mild and green chemistry conditions, at room temperature, solubilizing the phenolic compounds in dimethyl carbonate, an eco-friendly solvent, and adding a little excess of the appropriate C2-C18 acyl chloride. The final products were isolated in good yields. Finally, according to the "circular economy" strategy, the procedure was applied to hydroxytyrosol-enriched extracts obtained by Olea europaea by-products to prepare a panel of lipophilic extracts that are useful for applications where solubility in lipid media is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Isabella Carastro
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Santoni
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Clemente
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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15
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Righi D, Marcourt L, Koval A, Ducret V, Pellissier L, Mainetti A, Katanaev VL, Perron K, Wolfender JL, Queiroz EF. Chemo-Diversification of Plant Extracts Using a Generic Bromination Reaction and Monitoring by Metabolite Profiling. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:171-182. [PMID: 30607939 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A generic procedure for direct bromination of polyphenol in crude plant extracts was developed to generate multiple "unnatural" halogenated natural products for further bioassay evaluation. To better control the halogenation procedure, the bromination was optimized with a flavonoid standard, and the reactions were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography photometric diode array coupled to the evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). ELSD detection was successfully used for a relative yield estimation of the compounds obtained. From the halogenation of hesperitin (11), five brominated compounds were obtained. After optimization, the reaction was successfully applied to the methanolic extract of Citrus sinensis peels, a typical waste biomass and also to the methanolic extract of the medicinal plant Curcuma longa. In both cases, the methanolic extracts were profiled by NMR for a rapid estimation of the polyphenol versus primary metabolite content. An enriched secondary metabolites extract was obtained using vacuum liquid chromatography and submitted to bromination. Metabolite profiling performed by ultrahigh purity liquid chromatography time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed the presence of various halogenated products. To isolate these compounds, the reactions were scaled up, and six halogenated analogues were isolated and fully characterized by NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses. The antibacterial properties of these compounds were evaluated using in vitro bioassays against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the halogenated derivatives obtained presented moderate antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Verena Ducret
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., 690090 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Karl Perron
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Lichen Xanthones as Models for New Antifungal Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102617. [PMID: 30322037 PMCID: PMC6222623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, the search for new antimicrobial compounds plays an important role in current medicinal chemistry research. Inspired by lichen antimicrobial xanthones, a series of novel chlorinated xanthones was prepared using five chlorination methods (Methods A⁻E) to obtain different patterns of substitution in the xanthone scaffold. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Among them, 3-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one 15 showed promising antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and 29213) and S. aureus ATCC 29213. 2,7-Dichloro-3,4,6-trimethoxy-1-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one 18 revealed a potent fungistatic and fungicidal activity against dermatophytes clinical strains (T. rubrum, M. canis, and E. floccosum (MIC = 4⁻8 µg/mL)). Moreover, when evaluated for its synergistic effect for T. rubrum, compound 18 exhibited synergy with fluconazole (ΣFIC = 0.289). These results disclosed new hit xanthones for both antibacterial and antifungal activity.
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17
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Choi SH, Jeong GH, Lee KB, Jo C, Kim TH. A green chemical oligomerization of phloroglucinol induced by plasma as novel α-glucosidase inhibitors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2059-2063. [PMID: 30200805 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1516544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new facile method was developed for simple green synthesis of methylene-bridged phloroglucinol oligomers using nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in methanolic solution. The chemical structures of these newly generated oligomers 2-5 were determined by interpretation of the spectroscopic data, and the inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase of all isolates was evaluated. The unusual phloroglcuinol pentamer 5 connected by four methylene linkages showed a much higher potential inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase than the other generated oligomers 2-4 and appeared to be a promising lead for development as a potential antidiabetic agent. Abbreviations: T2DM, type2 diabetes mellitus; DBD, dielectric barrier discharge; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; IC50, 50% inhibition concentration; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; FABMS, fastatom bombardment mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ho Choi
- a Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Han Jeong
- b Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Daegu University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bon Lee
- c Department of Biology Education , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- d Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- b Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Daegu University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
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18
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Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Lipophilic Phenethyl Trifluoroacetate Esters by In Vitro ABTS, DPPH and in Cell-Culture DCF Assays. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010208. [PMID: 29351214 PMCID: PMC6017616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural compounds showing a variety of health-promoting effects. Unfortunately, due to low lipid solubility, their applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries are limited. With the aim of obtaining novel lipophilic derivatives, the present study reports the synthesis of a series of phenethyl trifluoroacetate esters containing up to two hydroxyl groups in the aromatic ring. Experimental logP values confirmed a greater lipophilicity of the novel compounds compared to the parent compounds. The radical scavenging capacity of all phenethyl trifluoroacetate esters was evaluated by in vitro assays (ABTS, DPPH) and in cultured cells (L6 myoblasts and THP-1 leukemic monocytes) using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. These data revealed that the esters showed a good antioxidant effect that was strictly dependent on the grade of hydroxylation of the phenyl ring. The lack of toxicity, evaluated by the MTT assay and proliferation curves, makes these trifluoroacetates attractive derivatives for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic applications.
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19
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Zhang MZ, Zhang Y, Wang JQ, Zhang WH. Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Coumarin Ring-Opening Derivatives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101387. [PMID: 27763520 PMCID: PMC6273309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on our initial design, we synthesized two series of coumarin ring-opening derivatives by the reactions of hydrolysis and methylation. Results of antifungal screening in vitro showed that the target compounds exhibited potent activity against the six common pathogenic fungi. Compounds 6b, 6e, 6g, 6i, 7b and 7c were identified as the most active ones, and the EC50 values of these active compounds were further tested. Compared to the commonly used fungicide Azoxystrobin (0.0884 µM), compounds 6b (0.0544 µM) and 6e (0.0823 µM) displayed improved activity against Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jia-Qun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zheng ZP, Zhang YN, Zhang S, Chen J. One-pot green synthesis of 1,3,5-triarylpentane-1,5-dione and triarylmethane derivatives as a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:795-798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Asma EAZ, Naiima BMH, Fethia HS. Antifungal activity of Citharexylum quadrangulare Jacq. extracts against phytopathogenic fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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