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Ravi S, Karthikeyan S, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Moon D, Anthony SP. Deep blue emitting dual state fluorescent triphenylamine-dicyclohexylurea derivative: Multi-stimuli responsive fluorescence switching and methanol/water sensing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124303. [PMID: 38636429 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A new deep blue emissive organic fluorophore (N-cyclohexyl-N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-4-(diphenylamino)benzamide (NCDPB)) was designed and synthesized, which showed strong fluorescence both in solution and solid-state. Solid-state structural analysis of NCDPB revealed non-planar twisted molecular conformation with extended hydrogen bonding between the amide functionalities. The propeller shaped triphenylamine (TPA) and non-planar cyclohexyl unit prevented close π…π stacking and produced strong deep blue emission in the solid state (λmax = 400 nm, quantum yield (Φf) = 12.6 %). NCDPB also exhibited strong solvent polarity dependent tunable emission in solution (λmax = 402-462 nm, Φf = 1.15 (compared to quinine sulphate)). NCDPB showed reversible fluorescence switching between two fluorescence states upon mechanical crushing and heating/solvent exposure. Mechanical crushing caused red shifting of fluorescence from 400 to 447 nm and heating/solvent exposure reversed the fluorescence. Further, NCDPB also displayed off-on reversible/self-reversible fluorescence switching upon exposure to trifluoracetic acid (TFA) and NH3. The repeated fluorescence switching cycles indicated high reversibility without any significant change of fluorescence intensity. The drastically different fluorescence of NCDPB in CH3OH and EtOH was utilized to distinguish them and monitor CH3OH contamination in ethanol and benzene. It showed limit of detection (LOD) of methanol up to 0.25 % and 7 % in benzene and ethanol, respectively. The water sensitive fluorescence modulation of NCDPB in organic solvents was used to sensing water contamination in common organic solvents. Thus, integration of twisted TPA with H-bonding urea produced dual state emitting organic fluorophore with multi-responsive fluorescence switching and solvent sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikala Ravi
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry, Khadir Mohideen College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Adirampattinam 614701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Department of chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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Nath J, Baruah JB. E- or Z-Isomers Arising from the Geometries of Ligands in the Mercury Complex of 2-(Anthracen-9-ylmethylene)- N-phenylhydrazine Carbothioamide. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42827-42839. [PMID: 38024736 PMCID: PMC10653070 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
An anionic mercury(II) complex of 2-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene)-N-phenylhydrazine carbothioamide (HATU) and two isomers of a neutral mercury(II) complex of the anion of the same ligand (ATU) were reported. The anionic complex [Hg(HATU)2Cl2]·CH2Cl2 had a monodentate HATU ligand (a neutral form of the ligand) and chloride ligands. The two conformational isomers were of the neutral mercury(II) complex Hg(ATU)2·2DMF. The two isomers were from the E or Z geometry of the ligands across the conjugated C=N-N=C-N scaffold of the coordinated ligand. The two isomers of the complex were independently prepared and characterized. The spectroscopic properties of the isomers in solution were studied by 1H NMR as well as fluorescence spectroscopy. Facile conversion of the E-isomer to the Z-isomer in solution was observed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Z-isomer of the complex was stable compared to the E-isomer by an energy of 14.35 kJ/mol; whereas, E isomer of the ligand was more stable than Z isomer by 8.37 KJ/mol. The activation barrier for the conversion of the E-isomer to the Z-isomer of the ligand was 167.37 kJ/mol. The role of the mercury ion in the conversion of the E-form to the Z-form was discussed. The mercury complex [Hg(HATU)2Cl2]·CH2Cl2 had the E-form of the ligand. Distinct photophysical features of these mercury complexes were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam India
| | - Jubaraj B. Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam India
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Ganguly T, Pal P, Maity D, Baitalik S. Synthesis, characterization and emission switching behaviors of styrylphenyl-conjugated Ru(II)-terpyridine complexes via aggregation and trans–cis photoisomerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Pratibha, Kaur Rajput J. Nanoaggregation-induced emission enhanced characteristics of novel anthracene-appended pyrimidinone/thione derivatives in H2O-DMF medium. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Muniyasamy H, Chinnadurai C, Nelson M, Kubendran AM, Sukumaran K, Balasubramaniem A, Sepperumal M, Ayyanar S, Govindasamy M, Ghfar A, Alsubaie FM. Highly selective flurogenic chemosensor for cyanide ion in aqueous medium and its applications of logic gate and Hela cells. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Harikrishnan M, Murugesan S, Siva A. Novel star-shaped D-π-D-π-D and (D-π) 2-D-(π-D) 2 anthracene-based hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3514-3524. [PMID: 36134278 PMCID: PMC9417562 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00299b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three types of novel star-shaped molecular architectures, D-π-D-π-D and (D-π)2-D-(π-D)2 anthracene (ANTTPA, AOME, AOHE) based hole transporting materials, are designed for hybrid perovskite solar cells using the Gaussian 09 computation program with the B3LYP/6-31g (d, p) basis set level. The HOMO energy level of the designed materials has a higher HOMO energy level compared to the perovskite HOMO energy level, which is more facile for hole transport from the hole transporting layer to the oxidized perovskite layer. Thereafter, anthracene-based derivatives were synthesized from Buchwald-Hartwig and Mizoroki-Heck cross coupling reactions. The behaviors of the transporting charges were determined by both UV-visible absorbance and emission spectroscopy through solvatochromism experiments. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties also proved that the synthesized compounds had an optimal HOMO energy level in the TiO2/perovskite/HTM interface. Our hole transport materials (HTMs) have a good film formation compared to the spiro-OMeTAD, which was confirmed from scanning electron microscopy images. The obtained theoretical and experimental data show the suitability of designing anthracene-based derivatives with the potential to be used as hole transporting materials in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniyasamy Harikrishnan
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-21 India
| | - Sepperumal Murugesan
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-21 India
| | - Ayyanar Siva
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai-21 India
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Gowri A, Vignesh R, Kathiravan A. Anthracene based AIEgen for picric acid detection in real water samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117144. [PMID: 31141777 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new anthracene Schiff base derivative (AS) was successfully synthesized and characterized by pivotal analytical techniques. Based on the contented results, the AS molecule was employed for photophysical investigation using UV-Visible absorption, steady state and time resolved fluorescence techniques. The photophysical studies reveal that the AS possesses modest molar absorption coefficient (104) and weak fluorescence (ϕ = 0.006). The weak fluorescence of AS is due to intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Intriguingly, the weak fluorescence intensity of AS is enhanced dramatically by the gradual addition of water up to 90% as well as appearance of long lived fluorescence decay. The enhancement in the fluorescence intensity and lifetime clearly indicates that this molecule has aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property. Further, the AIE property of AS is utilized for sensitive detection of picric acid (PA). The fluorescence of aggregated AS is quenched regularly with the sequential addition of PA concentration. The higher Stern-Volmer constant (2.61 × 105 M-1) and excellent detection limit of 93 nM designate the AS aggregates as potential candidate for explosive detection. The mechanism behind the quenching of fluorescence can be ascribed to inner filter effect, which is supported by spectral overlap analysis and fluorescence lifetime measurements. The suitability of AS aggregates for practical applications is realized by the detection of trace amounts of PA in real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annasamy Gowri
- Vel Tech Research Park, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Vignesh
- Vel Tech Research Park, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Kathiravan
- Vel Tech Research Park, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India..
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Kan L, Cheng H, Li B, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wei H, Ma N. Anthracene dimer crosslinked polyurethanes as mechanoluminescent polymeric materials. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The force-induced cleavage of anthracene dimer results in fluorescence and shows good sensitivity to mechano-stimuli such as pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Haoge Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Hao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
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Qu C, Gao Z, Chen Y. Synthesis of 9,10-distyrylanthracene derivative and its one- and two-photon induced emission in solid state. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Manickam S, Balijapalli U, Sathiyanarayanan KI. SnCl2-catalyzed synthesis of dihydro-5H-benzo[f]pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline and dihydroindeno[2,1-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridine with high fluorescence and their photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazoloquinoline and pyrazolopyridine based derivatives bearing donor–acceptor (D–A) substituent groups on the phenyl ring, was synthesized by a mild reaction condition.
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11
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Kumar S, Singh M, Gaur P, Jou JH, Ghosh S. Role of Voluminous Substituents in Controlling the Optical Properties of Disc/Planar-Like Small Organic Molecules: Toward Molecular Emission in Solid State. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5348-5356. [PMID: 31457803 PMCID: PMC6644483 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the role of coadsorbents in dye-sensitized solar cells, a pathway to disfavor aggregation in disclike luminophores was studied to enhance solid-state emission. By restricting the intense π-π stacking using a multicyclic aliphatic ring system, we brought the lithocholic ring system as bulky side substitution into the fluorophore design. Compared to the small-size cyclohexyl substitution in BC-CY6, which exhibited a bathochromic shift in solid-state emission owing to the intermolecular interactions, lithocholic-substituted BC-LTH had reduced intense intermolecular interactions. This very bulky/voluminous side substitution (lithocholic unit) helped us extract intermolecular interaction-free molecular emission in solid state. The cyclohexyl substitution provided solid-state emission, and the broad and high Stokes shift provided an insight into stacking interactions. Face-to-face stacking-originated dimerlike species was observed in the crystal packing, which was studied by theoretical geometry optimization. The dimer species exhibited an intermolecular distance of 3.5 Å. The molecular sizes of the developed chromophores were estimated by geometry optimization, and it was concluded that the dimeric interactions in BC-LTH may not be formed owing to the voluminous nature of the side substitution present. Hence, we have been able to successfully establish through molecular level understanding the role of lithocholic functionality in tuning the optoelectronic properties of various emissive materials for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Mandi, Mandi, Himachal
Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Meenu Singh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pankaj Gaur
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Mandi, Mandi, Himachal
Pradesh 175001, India
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- E-mail: (J.-H.J.)
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Mandi, Mandi, Himachal
Pradesh 175001, India
- E-mail: (S.G.)
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