1
|
Nie B, Wang C, Li X, Tian H, Chen X, Liu G, Qiu Y, Shao J. High-Performance Transparent and Conductive Films with Fully Enclosed Metal Mesh. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40806-40816. [PMID: 34406763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal mesh films as a kind of transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) have shown high promise in various optoelectronic devices but are still challenged by a combination of high conductivity and transparency, mechanical robustness, and uniform electric field. Herein, we demonstrate a new concept of transparent and conductive films with a fully enclosed metal mesh, which is embedded in deep microcavities and is coated with a conductive polymer layer to combine these metrics. To ensure high conductivity and transparency, metal ink is filled into the fine (down to submicrometers) and deep mesh microcavities by electrowetting-assisted blading with low square resistances of 0.4 and 2.69 Ω sq-1 at typical transmittances of 76.9 and 87.4%, respectively. The covered thin conductive polymer layer improves the electric field uniformity of metal mesh films by at least three orders of magnitude. The fully enclosed metal mesh films exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility, indicated by the fact that the resistance is almost unchanged after 10,000 bending cycles at a bending radius of ∼5 mm. Based on the fully enclosed metal mesh films, the emission intensity of alternating current electroluminescent devices is improved by more than three times compared with that in the case of solely using common metal mesh films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangbang Nie
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Guifang Liu
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yangfan Qiu
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Q, Cui L, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Diels-Alder Cross-Linked, Washing-Free Hydrogel Films with Ordered Wrinkling Patterns for Multicellular Spheroid Generation. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3474-3485. [PMID: 34291920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids are a new generation in vitro cell model, however, their applications are severely limited by difficulties in their generation. Here patterned poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogel films were synthesized for their generation. Instead of polymerization of HEMA monomers in the presence of a cross-linker, here the PHEMA films were synthesized by cross-linking furan-functionalized linear PHEMA, PHEMA-furan, and maleimide-functionalized linear PHEMA, PHEMA-mal, via Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between furan and maleimide groups. A thermal treatment temperature of 75 °C was chosen for the cross-linking reaction. The occurrence of DA reaction was confirmed by IR spectra. Using this method, cross-linked PHEMA films with smooth surface were successfully synthesized in situ in the well of cell culture plates. The films were then patterned by simply adding water to swell them. Highly ordered, honeycomb-like wrinkling patterns were successfully obtained by adjusting the furan and maleimide contents in the precursor linear polymers. The patterned hydrogel films were used to generate multicellular spheroids. Guided by the patterns, 3D spheroids with narrow size distribution, tunable size, and high cell viability were successfully obtained. The patterned PHEMA films reported here exhibited a lot of advantages. The patterning method was quite simple and required no template or special equipment. They were synthesized in situ in commercial cell culture plates. Particularly, thanks to the clean nature of the DA reaction, no low molecular weight monomer, cross-linker, initiator, or catalyst, which were potentially cytotoxic, was involved in the film synthesis, and no byproduct was produced and left in the film. The resulting films presented a high biocompatibility, allowing the avoidance of the tedious washing step. The films synthesized here were expected to have high potential for massive production of well-defined multicellular spheroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sain S, Åkesson D, Skrifvars M. Synthesis and Properties of Thermosets from Tung Oil and Furfuryl Methacrylate. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020258. [PMID: 31979058 PMCID: PMC7077211 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on the development of cross-linked polymer from a highly unsaturated vegetable oil, tung oil (TO) and a bio-based acrylate, furfuryl methacrylate (FMA). The presence of a high degree of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonding in TO makes it a suitable precursor for polymer synthesis. Using this advantage of TO, in this work, we have synthesised a cross-linked polymer from TO and FMA through free radical polymerisation followed by Diels–Alder (DA) reaction. Successful incorporation of both of the raw materials and the two chemical reactions was shown using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The development of cross-linked structure was analysed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim D, Lee T, Kwon M, Paik HJ, Han JH, Kang M, Choi J, Hong S, Kim YA. Polymer wrapping-induced dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes in ethylene glycol under mild sonication. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26262-26267. [PMID: 35519752 PMCID: PMC9055412 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SWCNTs were individually dispersed in ethylne glycol (EG) via mild bath-type sonication using quaternized poly(furfuryl methacrylate)-co-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) p(FMA-co-QDMAEMA) as a dispersing agent. QDMAEMA, which has alkyl groups, was more favorable to the dispersion ability of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The dispersion mechanism of SWCNTs in EG via helical wrapping of polymer chains along their sidewalls was suggested based on transmission electron microscopic observation. The dispersion of bundled SWCNTs via helical wrapping of polymer chains along their sidewalls.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dukeun Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Graduate School
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute
- Chonnam National University
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Kwon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Graduate School
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute
- Chonnam National University
| | - Jueun Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Graduate School
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute
- Chonnam National University
| | - Seungki Hong
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Graduate School
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute
- Chonnam National University
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Graduate School
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute
- Chonnam National University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tolstova AP, Dubrovin EV. Influence of pixelization on height measurement in atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 207:112846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
6
|
Preparation of Thin-Layer Graphene Using RAFT Polymerization and a Thiol-Ene Click Reaction. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
Zhang B, Ke J, Vakil JR, Cummings SC, Digby ZA, Sparks JL, Ye Z, Zanjani MB, Konkolewicz D. Dual-dynamic interpenetrated networks tuned through macromolecular architecture. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled polymerization is used to make well defined polymers that are assembled into dynamic interpenetrated network materials. Self-healing, toughness and stress relaxation are imparted into the material through the dynamic linkages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Jun Ke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Jafer R. Vakil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Sean C. Cummings
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Zachary A. Digby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Jessica L. Sparks
- Department of Chemical
- Paper and Biomedical Engineering
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Mehdi B. Zanjani
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu G, Liu N, López-Moreno A, Zhao P, Dai W, Shi S, Komatsu N. Efficient Production of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Aqueous Dispersion Using Hexahydroxytriphenylene as a Dispersant and Stabilizer. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Guanggu 1 road Wuhan 430205, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Neng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Guanggu 1 road Wuhan 430205, P.R. China
| | - Alejandro López-Moreno
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Guanggu 1 road Wuhan 430205, P.R. China
| | - Wubin Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Guanggu 1 road Wuhan 430205, P.R. China
| | - Shengwei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Guanggu 1 road Wuhan 430205, P.R. China
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thirumalai D, Subramani D, Yoon JH, Lee J, Paik HJ, Chang SC. De-bundled single-walled carbon nanotube-modified sensors for simultaneous differential pulse voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
De-bundled SWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrode for the simultaneous differential pulse voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinakaran Thirumalai
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Devaraju Subramani
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Yoon
- Busan Center
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Busan 46742
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- College of Pharmacy
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Institute of Bio-Physio Sensor Technology
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jintoku H, Sato T, Nakazumi T, Matsuzawa Y, Kihara H, Yoshida M. Formation of Highly Pure and Patterned Carbon Nanotube Films on a Variety of Substrates by a Wet Process Based on Light-Induced Dispersibility Switching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30805-30811. [PMID: 28834432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple fabrication method for patterned carbon nanotube (CNT) films is presented, using the concept of light-induced dispersibility switching with a photoresponsive dispersant. A comparison with other dispersants highlights the important role played by an azobenzene-derived cationic molecule as a photoisomerizable dispersant in the successful manufacture of patterned CNT films. Upon UV irradiation for a short time (∼0.5 min), a dispersion composed of CNTs and photoresponsive dispersant exhibited a dispersibility change due to the photoisomerization of the photoresponsive dispersant, and then the dispersant detached-CNT deposited onto the substrate. Our method enables patterned CNT films to be obtained directly from CNT dispersions onto various substrates such as glass, polyethylene terephthalate, and silicone rubber, expanding the possible applications of CNT films. Furthermore, the process minimizes the amount of the residual dispersant in the fabricated CNT film, reducing the amount of impurities, and improving the quality of the patterned CNT film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Jintoku
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tadatake Sato
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomoka Nakazumi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuzawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kihara
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Devaraju S, Lee T, Mohanty AK, Hong YK, Yoon KH, Lee YS, Han JH, Paik HJ. Fabrication of durable and flexible single-walled carbon nanotube transparent conductive films. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly flexible, durable, and transparent conducting films are fabricated from the de-bundled SWCNTs in aqueous solutions of SPES with high conductivity (125 Ω sq−1) and good transmittance (87%) without adopting any binder or post treatment techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Devaraju
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Aruna Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Young Kun Hong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Kwan Han Yoon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi
- Korea
| | - Young Sil Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi
- Korea
| | - Jong Hun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 500-757
- Korea
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang T, Huo M, Wan Z, Chen H, Peng L, Liu L, Yuan J. Study of structure–performance relationships of polymeric dispersants on particle dispersion and stabilisation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different structural types of polymeric dispersants were synthesised, optimised and systematically compared over SiO2 particle dispersion, developing structure–performance relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Fang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Huo
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Wan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Hongge Chen
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee T, Park J, Kim K, Mohanty AK, Kim B, Han JH, Jeon HB, Lee YS, Paik HJ. Facile tuning of a polymeric dispersant for single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly((furfuryl methacrylate)-co-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)) was synthesized and quaternized. Single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed well in polar solvents using the polymeric dispersant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeheon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan
- National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan
- National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Kyoungho Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan
- National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Aruna Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan
- National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan
- National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Jong Hun Han
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 500-757
- Korea
| | - Heung Bae Jeon
- Department of Chemistry
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- Korea
| | - Young Sil Lee
- ICT Convergence Research Center
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi
- Korea
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan
- National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|