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Electrically Tunable Solution-Processed Transparent Conductive Thin Films Based on Colloidally Dispersed ITO@Ag Composite Ink. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122060. [PMID: 35745397 PMCID: PMC9231198 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) introduced colloidal Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) ink for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) was prepared to overcome the limitation of colloidally prepared thin film; low density thin film, high resistance. ITO@Ag colloid ink was made by controlling the weight ratio of ITO and Ag nanoparticles through ball-milling and fabricated using spin coating. These films were dried at 220 °C and heat-treated at 450−750 °C in an air atmosphere to pyrolyze the organic ligand attached to the nanoparticles. All thin films showed high crystallinity. As the thermal treatment temperature increased, films showed a cracked surface, but as the weight percentage of silver increased, a flattened and smooth surface appeared, caused by the metallic silver filling the gap between the nano-particles. This worked as a bridge to allow electrical conduction, which decreases the resistivity over an order of magnitude, from 309 to 0.396, and 0.107 Ω·cm for the ITO-220 °C, ITO-750 °C, and ITO@Ag (7.5 wt.%)-750 °C, respectively. These films also exhibited >90% optical transparency. Lowered resistivity is caused due to the inclusion of silver, providing a sufficient number of charge carriers. Furthermore, the work function difference between ITO and silver builds an ohmic junction, allowing fluent electrical flow without any barrier.
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2
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Rund R, Bauer S, Stauber A, Seidl M, Ojo W, Ferrari F, Chaudret B, Nayral C, Delpech F, Scheer M. Examination of Indium Triphospholyls as Precursors for Nanoparticle Synthesis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Rund
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Susanne Bauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Andreas Stauber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Wilfried‐Solo Ojo
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets Université de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Fabio Ferrari
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets Université de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets Université de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Céline Nayral
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets Université de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Fabien Delpech
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets Université de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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Zhang Z, Yu X, Zhao W, Lu K, Ji X, Boukherroub R. Preparation of Low-Resistance and Residue-free ITO Films for Large-scale 3D Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45903-45913. [PMID: 31729862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The large-sized naked-eye three-dimensional (3D) display is a critical device in the real-time topographic survey for deep-sea scientific research. As a core component, the low-impedance transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) thin-film electrode lacks a reliable industrial preparation method. In the 3D display, the grating element with a low-resistance ITO film electrode should have a good binocular parallax to drive the display favorably. However, an increase in the ITO film temperature during deposition may induce its crystallization, and its etching residue may cause a short circuit between the ITO electrodes and abnormal display operation. In this work, we propose a simple and straightforward technique to produce amorphous thin ITO films by controlling the water vapor flow rate during the deposition process. The obtained ITO amorphous thick film (300 nm) can be etched without leaving residues on the display surface, ensuring vivid display performance of the 3D display. A field test employing the 3D display, consisting of a 3D parallax barrier and a two-dimensional (2D) display, does not exhibit a short-circuit phenomenon caused by residues encountered in previous devices. This work makes the 3D display applicable for the real-time topographic survey on the basis of both satisfying the nonetching residue and the decrease of the resistance value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral, Materials School of Materials Science and Technology , China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- Product Development Center , Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd , Beijing 100176 , China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral, Materials School of Materials Science and Technology , China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral, Materials School of Materials Science and Technology , China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Kai Lu
- Product Development Center , Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd , Beijing 100176 , China
| | - Xinyou Ji
- Product Development Center , Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd , Beijing 100176 , China
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes , UMR 8520, IEMN , F-59000 Lille , France
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Dong L, Zhu G, Xu H, Jiang X, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yan D, Yuan L, Yu A. Fabrication of Nanopillar Crystalline ITO Thin Films with High Transmittance and IR Reflectance by RF Magnetron Sputtering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E958. [PMID: 30909418 PMCID: PMC6471012 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanopillar crystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering under the power levels of 100 W, 150 W, 200 W and 250 W. The preparation process of thin films is divided into two steps, firstly, sputtering a very thin and granular crystalline film at the bottom, and then sputtering a nanopillar crystalline film above the bottom film. The structure, morphology, optical and electrical properties of the nanopillar crystalline ITO thin films were investigated. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the nanopillar crystalline thin films shows (400) preferred orientation. Due to the effect of the bottom granular grains, the crystallinity of the nanopillar crystals on the upper layer was greatly improved. The nanopillar crystalline ITO thin films exhibited excellent electrical properties, enhanced visible light transmittance and a highly infrared reflectivity in the mid-infrared region. It is noted that the thin film deposited at 200 W showed the best combination of optical and electrical performance, with resistivity of 1.44 × 10-4 Ω cm, average transmittance of 88.49% (with a film thickness of 1031 nm) and IR reflectivity reaching 89.18%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Guisheng Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Huarui Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Xupeng Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Dongliang Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Le Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Aibing Yu
- ARC Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Lee DH, Park J, Lee JK, Heo K, Lee DJ, Lee YR, Lee BY. Highly sensitive and flexible strain sensors based on patterned ITO nanoparticle channels. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:495501. [PMID: 28994398 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a highly sensitive and flexible bending strain sensor using tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NPs) assembled in line patterns on flexible substrates. By utilizing transparent ITO NPs without any surface modifications, we could produce strain sensors with adjustable gauge factors and optical transparency. We were able to control the dimensional and electrical properties of the sensors, such as channel height and resistance, by controlling the NP assembly speed. Furthermore, we were able to generate controlled gauge factor with values ranging from 18 to 157, which are higher than previous cases using metallic Cr NPs and Au NPs. The alignment of the ITO NPs in parallel lines resulted in low crosstalk between the transverse and longitudinal bending directions. Finally, our sensor showed high optical transmittance, up to ∼93% at 500 nm wavelength, which is desirable for flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Willis JJ, Goodman ED, Wu L, Riscoe AR, Martins P, Tassone CJ, Cargnello M. Systematic Identification of Promoters for Methane Oxidation Catalysts Using Size- and Composition-Controlled Pd-Based Bimetallic Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11989-11997. [PMID: 28800226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Promoters enhance the performance of catalytic active phases by increasing rates, stability, and/or selectivity. The process of identifying promoters is in most cases empirical and relies on testing a broad range of catalysts prepared with the random deposition of active and promoter phases, typically with no fine control over their localization. This issue is particularly relevant in supported bimetallic systems, where two metals are codeposited onto high-surface area materials. We here report the use of colloidal bimetallic nanocrystals to produce catalysts where the active and promoter phases are colocalized to a fine extent. This strategy enables a systematic approach to study the promotional effects of several transition metals on palladium catalysts for methane oxidation. In order to achieve these goals, we demonstrate a single synthetic protocol to obtain uniform palladium-based bimetallic nanocrystals (PdM, M = V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Sn, and potentially extendable to other metal combinations) with a wide variety of compositions and sizes based on high-temperature thermal decomposition of readily available precursors. Once the nanocrystals are supported onto oxide materials, thermal treatments in air cause segregation of the base metal oxide phase in close proximity to the Pd phase. We demonstrate that some metals (Fe, Co, and Sn) inhibit the sintering of the active Pd metal phase, while others (Ni and Zn) increase its intrinsic activity compared to a monometallic Pd catalyst. This procedure can be generalized to systematically investigate the promotional effects of metal and metal oxide phases for a variety of active metal-promoter combinations and catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Willis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emmett D Goodman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Liheng Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Andrew R Riscoe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pedro Martins
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Huang GW, Li N, Xiao HM, Feng QP, Fu SY. A paper-based touch sensor with an embedded micro-probe array fabricated by double-sided laser printing. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9598-9605. [PMID: 28665426 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Touch sensor is one of the key components for human interfacing devices. However, although various touch sensors have been demonstrated, their sophisticated fabrication processes and complicated structures make them expensive and delicate, and thus they are not considered to be practical for wide application in daily life. Herein, we present a low-cost and scalable paper-based touch sensor suitable for practical applications. The sensor is based on the novel structure of embedded silver nanowire micro-probe arrays in a paper substrate, which exhibits high sensitivity to multiple touch inputs and compact structure with a total thickness of ca. 100 μm. Silver nanowire electrodes on two sides are manufactured at the same time via an original double-sided laser printing technique. Since this technique is mask-free, solvent-free and highly efficient, it is very suitable for paper substrates that cannot endure solvent processing. The sensing properties of the sensor in various extreme situations are examined and the spatial distributions of touch pressure are detected by arranging the sensing units in arrays. Demonstration examples of the touch sensor and pressure mapping are presented, and finally, the successful application of the sensor array in an electronic lock system is shown to further illustrate its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Wen Huang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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De Roo J, Ibáñez M, Geiregat P, Nedelcu G, Walravens W, Maes J, Martins JC, Van Driessche I, Kovalenko MV, Hens Z. Highly Dynamic Ligand Binding and Light Absorption Coefficient of Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2071-81. [PMID: 26786064 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite materials have attracted significant attention in the context of photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications, and recently, research efforts have been directed to nanostructured lead halide perovskites. Collodial nanocrystals (NCs) of cesium lead halides (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) exhibit bright photoluminescence, with emission tunable over the entire visible spectral region. However, previous studies on CsPbX3 NCs did not address key aspects of their chemistry and photophysics such as surface chemistry and quantitative light absorption. Here, we elaborate on the synthesis of CsPbBr3 NCs and their surface chemistry. In addition, the intrinsic absorption coefficient was determined experimentally by combining elemental analysis with accurate optical absorption measurements. (1)H solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to characterize sample purity, elucidate the surface chemistry, and evaluate the influence of purification methods on the surface composition. We find that ligand binding to the NC surface is highly dynamic, and therefore, ligands are easily lost during the isolation and purification procedures. However, when a small amount of both oleic acid and oleylamine is added, the NCs can be purified, maintaining optical, colloidal, and material integrity. In addition, we find that a high amine content in the ligand shell increases the quantum yield due to the improved binding of the carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan De Roo
- Sol-Gel Center for Research on Inorganic Powders and Thin Films Synthesis (SCRiPTS), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Group (PCN), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Group (PCN), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georgian Nedelcu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Willem Walravens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Group (PCN), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorick Maes
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Group (PCN), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jose C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Van Driessche
- Sol-Gel Center for Research on Inorganic Powders and Thin Films Synthesis (SCRiPTS), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Group (PCN), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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