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Ossia Y, Levi A, Chefetz N, Peleg A, Remennik S, Vakahi A, Banin U. Seeing is believing: Correlating optoelectronic functionality with atomic scale imaging of single semiconductor nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134201. [PMID: 38573848 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A unique on-chip method for the direct correlation of optical properties, with atomic-scale chemical-structural characteristics for a single quantum dot (QD), is developed and utilized in various examples. This is based on performing single QD optical characterization on a modified glass substrate, followed by the extraction of the relevant region of interest by focused-ion-beam-scanning electron microscope processing into a lamella for high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization with atomic scale resolution. The direct correlation of the optical response under an electric field with STEM analysis of the same particle allows addressing several single particle phenomena: first, the direct correlation of single QD photoluminescence (PL) polarization and its response to the external field with the QD crystal lattice alignment, so far inferred indirectly; second, the identification of unique yet rare few-QD assemblies, correlated directly with their special spectroscopic optical characteristics, serving as a guide for future designed assemblies; and third, the study on the effect of metal island growth on the PL behavior of hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoparticles, with relevance for their possible functionality in photocatalysis. This work, therefore, establishes the use of the direct on-chip optical-structural correlation method for numerous scenarios and timely questions in the field of QD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Ossia
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nadav Chefetz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Amir Peleg
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sergei Remennik
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Atzmon Vakahi
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Ossia Y, Levi A, Panfil YE, Koley S, Scharf E, Chefetz N, Remennik S, Vakahi A, Banin U. Electric-field-induced colour switching in colloidal quantum dot molecules at room temperature. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1210-1217. [PMID: 37537354 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots are robust emitters implemented in numerous prototype and commercial optoelectronic devices. However, active fluorescence colour tuning, achieved so far by electric-field-induced Stark effect, has been limited to a small spectral range, and accompanied by intensity reduction due to the electron-hole charge separation effect. Utilizing quantum dot molecules that manifest two coupled emission centres, we present a unique electric-field-induced instantaneous colour-switching effect. Reversible emission colour switching without intensity loss is achieved on a single-particle level, as corroborated by correlated electron microscopy imaging. Simulations establish that this is due to the electron wavefunction toggling between the two centres, induced by the electric field, and affected by the coupling strength. Quantum dot molecules manifesting two coupled emission centres may be tailored to emit distinct colours, opening the path for sensitive field sensing and colour-switchable devices such as a novel pixel design for displays or an electric-field-induced colour-tunable single-photon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Ossia
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossef E Panfil
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Somnath Koley
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Scharf
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadav Chefetz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sergei Remennik
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atzmon Vakahi
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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3
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Lv B, Zhu T, Tang Y, Lv Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Shu D, Xiao M. Probing Permanent Dipole Moments and Removing Exciton Fine Structures in Single Perovskite Nanocrystals by an Electric Field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:197403. [PMID: 34047589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.197403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Single perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as a novel type of semiconductor nanostructure capable of emitting single photons with rich exciton species and fine energy-level structures. Here we focus on single excitons and biexcitons in single perovskite CsPbI_{3} nanocrystals to show, for the first time, how their optical properties are modulated by an external electric field at the cryogenic temperature. The electric field can cause a blueshift in the photoluminescence peak of single excitons, from which the existence of a permanent dipole moment can be deduced. Meanwhile, the fine energy-level structures of single excitons and biexcitons in a single CsPbI_{3} nanocrystal can be simultaneously eliminated, thus preparing a potent platform for the potential generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihu Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ying Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dajun Shu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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4
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Hinterding SM, Vonk SJW, van Harten EJ, Rabouw FT. Dynamics of Intermittent Delayed Emission in Single CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4755-4761. [PMID: 32459489 PMCID: PMC7309328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bright and fast fluorescence makes semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), appealing for applications ranging from biomedical research to display screens. However, a few percent of their fluorescence intensity is surprisingly slow. Research into this "delayed emission" has been scarce, despite undesired consequences for some applications and potential opportunities for others. Here, we characterize the dynamics of delayed emission exhibited by individual CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs and correlate these with changes in the emission spectrum. The delayed-emission intensity from a single QD fluctuates strongly during an experiment of several minutes and is thus not always "on", implying that control over delayed emission may be possible. Periods of bright delayed emission correlate with red-shifted emission spectra. This behavior is consistent with exciton polarization by fluctuating electric fields due to diffusing surface charges, which have been known to cause spectral diffusion in QDs. Our findings thus provide a stepping stone for future efforts to control delayed emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn
O. M. Hinterding
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. W. Vonk
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elleke J. van Harten
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T. Rabouw
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chen JS, Li M, Cotlet M. Nanoscale Photoinduced Charge Transfer with Individual Quantum Dots: Tunability through Synthesis, Interface Design, and Interaction with Charge Traps. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9102-9112. [PMID: 31459998 PMCID: PMC6648770 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting colloidal quantum dots (QDs) provide an excellent platform for nanoscale charge-transfer studies. Because of their size-dependent optoelectronic properties, which can be tuned via chemical synthesis and of their versatility in surface ligand exchange, QDs can be coupled with various types of acceptors to create hybrids with controlled type (electron or hole), direction, and rate of charge flow, depending on the foreseen application, either solar harvesting, light emitting, or biosensing. This perspective highlights several examples of QD-based hybrids with controllable (tunable) rate of charge transfer obtained by various approaches, including by changing the QD core size and shell thickness by colloidal synthesis, by the insertion of molecular linkers or dielectric spacers between donor and acceptor components. We also show that subjecting QDs to external factors such as electric fields and alternate optical excitation energy is another approach to bias the internal charge transfer between charges photogenerated in the QD core and QD's surface charge traps. The perspective also provides the reader with various examples of how single nanoparticle spectroscopic studies can help in understanding and quantifying nanoscale charge transfer with QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiang Chen
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Mingxing Li
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Mircea Cotlet
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Roy D, Mandal S, De CK, Kumar K, Mandal PK. Nearly suppressed photoluminescence blinking of small-sized, blue–green–orange–red emitting single CdSe-based core/gradient alloy shell/shell quantum dots: correlation between truncation time and photoluminescence quantum yield. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10332-10344. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00952j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nearly suppressed PL blinking of small sized CdSe based CGASS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Saptarshi Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Chayan K. De
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Kaushalendra Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Prasun K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
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Dipolar colloids in apolar media: direct microscopy of two-dimensional suspensions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28578. [PMID: 27346611 PMCID: PMC4921927 DOI: 10.1038/srep28578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spherical colloids, in an absence of external fields, are commonly assumed to interact solely through rotationally-invariant potentials, u(r). While the presence of permanent dipoles in aqueous suspensions has been previously suggested by some experiments, the rotational degrees of freedom of spherical colloids are typically neglected. We prove, by direct experiments, the presence of permanent dipoles in commonly used spherical poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) colloids, suspended in an apolar organic medium. We study, by a combination of direct confocal microscopy, computer simulations, and theory, the structure and other thermodynamical properties of organic suspensions of colloidal spheres, confined to a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer. Our studies reveal the effects of the dipolar interactions on the structure and the osmotic pressure of these fluids. These observations have far-reaching consequences for the fundamental colloidal science, opening new directions in self-assembly of complex colloidal clusters.
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