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Rhakho N, Saxena M, Pradhan NR, H Jadhav A, Altaee A, Samal AK. Transformative Dynamics: Self-Assembly of Iron Oxide Hydroxide Nanorods into Iron Oxide Microcubes for Enhanced Perfluoroalkyl Substance Remediation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10184-10194. [PMID: 38699923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We report the controlled synthesis of iron oxide microcubes (IOMCs) through the self-assembly arrays of ferric oxide hydroxide nanorods (NRs). The formation of IOMCs involves a complex interplay of nucleation, self-assembly, and growth mechanisms influenced by time, thermal treatment, and surfactant dynamics. The self-assembly of vertically aligned NRs into IOMCs is controlled by dynamic magnetism properties and capping agents like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), whose concentration and temperature modulation dictate growth kinetics and structural uniformity. These controlled structural growths were obtained via a hydrothermal process at 120 °C at various intervals of 8, 16, 24, and 32 h in the presence of CTAB as the capping agent. In this hydrothermal method, the formation of vertically oriented NR arrays was observed without the presence of ligands, binders, harsh drying techniques, and solvent evaporation. The formation of the self-assembly of NRs to IOMCs is obtained with an increase in saturated magnetization to attain the most stable state. The synthesized IOMCs have a uniform size, quasi-shape, and excellent dispersion. Due to its excellent magnetic and catalytic properties, IOMCs were employed to remove the various emerging pollutants known as per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS). Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were employed for the characterization and interaction studies of IOMCs with various PFAS. The interaction between IOMCs and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated, revealing strong adsorption tendencies facilitated by electrostatic interactions, as evidenced by UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopic studies. Furthermore, the higher magnetic and positive surface charge of IOMCs is responsible for an effective remediation eliminating any secondary pollution with ease of recovery after the sorption interaction studies, thereby making it practically worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novuhulu Rhakho
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Manav Saxena
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Nihar R Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, 1400 John R. Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Arvind H Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Akshaya K Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
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Xiao Z, Zhang L, Colvin VL, Zhang Q, Bao G. Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Nanocrystal Clusters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Vicki L. Colvin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Iacovita C, Hurst J, Manfredi G, Hervieux PA, Donnio B, Gallani JL, Rastei MV. Magnetic force fields of isolated small nanoparticle clusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1842-1851. [PMID: 31899471 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The usage of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in applications necessitates a precise mastering of their properties at the single nanoparticle level. There has been a lot of progress in the understanding of the magnetic properties of NPs, but incomparably less when interparticle interactions govern the overall magnetic response. Here, we present a quantitative investigation of magnetic fields generated by small clusters of NPs assembled on a dielectric non-magnetic surface. Structures ranging from individual NPs to fifth-fold particulate clusters are investigated in their magnetization saturation state by magnetic force microscopy and numerical calculations. It is found that the magnetic stray field does not increase proportionally with the number of NPs in the cluster. Both measured and calculated magnetic force fields underline the great importance of the exact spatial arrangement of NPs, shedding light on the magnetic force field distribution of particulate clusters, which is relevant for the quantitative evaluation of their magnetization and perceptibly for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Iacovita
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67034 Strasbourg, France.
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Appel C, Kuttich B, Stühn L, Stark RW, Stühn B. Structural Properties and Magnetic Ordering in 2D Polymer Nanocomposites: Existence of Long Magnetic Dipolar Chains in Zero Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12180-12191. [PMID: 31430162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The existence of magnetic dipolar nanoparticle chains at zero field has been predicted theoretically for decades, but these structures are rarely observed experimentally. A prerequisite is a permanent magnetic moment on the particles forming the chain. Here we report on the observation of magnetic dipolar chains of spherical iron oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 12.8 nm. The nanoparticles are embedded in an ultrathin polymer film. Due to the high viscosity of the polymer matrix, the dominating aggregation mechanism is driven by dipolar interactions. Smaller iron oxide nanoparticles (8 nm) show no permanent magnetic moment and do not form chains but compact aggregates. Mixed monolayers of iron oxide nanoparticles and polymer at the air-water interface are characterized by Langmuir isotherms and in situ X-ray reflectometry (XRR). The combination of the particles with a polymer leads to a stable polymer nanocomposite film at the air-water interface. XRR experiments show that nanoparticles are immersed in a thin polymer matrix of 2 nm. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) on Langmuir-Blodgett films, we measure the lateral distribution of particles in the film. An analysis of single structures within transferred films results in fractal dimensions that are in excellent agreement with 2D simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Appel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Hochschulstrasse 8 , D-64289 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Björn Kuttich
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Hochschulstrasse 8 , D-64289 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Lukas Stühn
- Physics of Surfaces , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Robert W Stark
- Physics of Surfaces , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Hochschulstrasse 8 , D-64289 Darmstadt , Germany
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Sifford J, Walsh KJ, Tong S, Bao G, Agarwal G. Indirect magnetic force microscopy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2348-2355. [PMID: 31608318 PMCID: PMC6788631 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00193j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based technique to map magnetic domains in a sample. MFM is widely used to characterize magnetic recording media, magnetic domain walls in materials, nanoparticles and more recently iron deposits in biological samples. However, conventional MFM requires multiple scans of the samples, suffers from various artifacts and is limited in its capability for multimodal imaging or imaging in a fluid environment. We propose a new modality, namely indirect magnetic force microscopy (ID-MFM), a technique that employs an ultrathin barrier between the probe and the sample. Using fluorescently conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles, we demonstrate how ID-MFM can be achieved using commercially available silicon nitride windows, MFM probes and AFM equipment. The MFM signals obtained using ID-MFM were comparable to those obtained using conventional MFM. Further, samples prepared for ID-MFM were compatible with multi-modal imaging via fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Thus ID-MFM can serve as a high-throughput, multi-modal microscopy technique which can be especially attractive for detecting magnetism in nanoparticles and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sifford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Kevin J. Walsh
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Sheng Tong
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice UniversityHoustonTexas 77005USA
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice UniversityHoustonTexas 77005USA
| | - Gunjan Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University288 Bevis Hall, 1080 Carmack RoadColumbusOH 43210USA+1 614 247 7799+1 614 292 4213
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Krivcov A, Ehrler J, Fuhrmann M, Junkers T, Möbius H. Influence of dielectric layer thickness and roughness on topographic effects in magnetic force microscopy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1056-1064. [PMID: 31165032 PMCID: PMC6541333 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has become a widely used tool for the characterization of magnetic properties. However, the magnetic signal can be overlapped by additional forces acting on the tip such as electrostatic forces. In this work the possibility to reduce capacitive coupling effects between tip and substrate is discussed in relation to the thickness of a dielectric layer introduced in the system. Single superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used as a model system, because their magnetic signal is contrariwise to the signal due to capacitive coupling so that it is possible to distinguish between magnetic and electric force contributions. Introducing a dielectric layer between substrate and nanoparticle the capacitive coupling can be tuned and minimized for thick layers. Using the theory of capacitive coupling and the magnetic point dipole-dipole model we could theoretically explain and experimentally prove the phase signal for single superparamagnetic nanoparticles as a function of the layer thickness of the dielectric layer. Tuning the capacitive coupling by variation of the dielectric layer thickness between nanoparticle and substrate allows the distinction between the electric and the magnetic contributions to the MFM signal. The theory also predicts decreasing topographic effects in MFM signals due to surface roughness of dielectric films with increasing film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krivcov
- Department of Computer Sciences/Micro Systems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ehrler
- Department of Computer Sciences/Micro Systems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Fuhrmann
- Department of Computer Sciences/Micro Systems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Hildegard Möbius
- Department of Computer Sciences/Micro Systems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
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Mourdikoudis S, Pallares RM, Thanh NTK. Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12871-12934. [PMID: 29926865 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures have attracted huge interest as a rapidly growing class of materials for many applications. Several techniques have been used to characterize the size, crystal structure, elemental composition and a variety of other physical properties of nanoparticles. In several cases, there are physical properties that can be evaluated by more than one technique. Different strengths and limitations of each technique complicate the choice of the most suitable method, while often a combinatorial characterization approach is needed. In addition, given that the significance of nanoparticles in basic research and applications is constantly increasing, it is necessary that researchers from separate fields overcome the challenges in the reproducible and reliable characterization of nanomaterials, after their synthesis and further process (e.g. annealing) stages. The principal objective of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the use, advances, advantages and weaknesses of a large number of experimental techniques that are available for the characterization of nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques are classified according to the concept/group of the technique used, the information they can provide, or the materials that they are destined for. We describe the main characteristics of the techniques and their operation principles and we give various examples of their use, presenting them in a comparative mode, when possible, in relation to the property studied in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Angeloni L, Passeri D, Reggente M, Mantovani D, Rossi M. Removal of electrostatic artifacts in magnetic force microscopy by controlled magnetization of the tip: application to superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26293. [PMID: 27194591 PMCID: PMC4872042 DOI: 10.1038/srep26293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has been demonstrated as valuable technique for the characterization of magnetic nanomaterials. To be analyzed by MFM techniques, nanomaterials are generally deposited on flat substrates, resulting in an additional contrast in MFM images due to unavoidable heterogeneous electrostatic tip-sample interactions, which cannot be easily distinguished from the magnetic one. In order to correctly interpret MFM data, a method to remove the electrostatic contributions from MFM images is needed. In this work, we propose a new MFM technique, called controlled magnetization MFM (CM-MFM), based on the in situ control of the probe magnetization state, which allows the evaluation and the elimination of electrostatic contribution in MFM images. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated through a challenging case study, i.e., the analysis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in absence of applied external magnetic field. Our CM-MFM technique allowed us to acquire magnetic images depurated of the electrostatic contributions, which revealed that the magnetic field generated by the tip is sufficient to completely orient the superparamagnetic nanoparticles and that the magnetic tip-sample interaction is describable through simple models once the electrostatic artifacts are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Angeloni
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering,
SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16,
00161
Rome, Italy
- Lab. for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Dept.
Min-Met-Materials Eng. & University Hospital Research Center, Laval
University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Daniele Passeri
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering,
SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16,
00161
Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Reggente
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering,
SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16,
00161
Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Lab. for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Dept.
Min-Met-Materials Eng. & University Hospital Research Center, Laval
University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering,
SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16,
00161
Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Nanotechnology applied to Engineering of
SAPIENZA University of Rome (CNIS), Piazzale A. Moro 5,
00185
Rome, Italy
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Ivanov AO, Kantorovich SS, Zverev VS, Elfimova EA, Lebedev AV, Pshenichnikov AF. Temperature-dependent dynamic correlations in suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles in a broad range of concentrations: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18342-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the effects of temperature and concentration on the dynamic spectra of polydisperse magnetic nanoparticle suspensions.
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