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Subotin VV, Vashchenko BV, Asaula VM, Verner EV, Ivanytsya MO, Shvets O, Ostapchuk EN, Grygorenko OO, Ryabukhin SV, Volochnyuk DM, Kolotilov SV. Screening of Palladium/Charcoal Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Diene Carboxylates with Isolated-Rings (Hetero)aliphatic Scaffold. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031201. [PMID: 36770867 PMCID: PMC9920177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of seven palladium-containing composites, i.e., four Pd/C and three Pd(OH)2/C (Pearlman's catalysts), was prepared using modified common approaches to deposition of Pd or hydrated PdO on charcoal. All the composites were tested in the catalytic hydrogenation of diene carboxylates with the isolated-ring scaffold, e.g., 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylates with 2-(alkoxycarbonyl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl and hex-1-en-1-yl substituents at the C(4)-position. The performance of the composites was also studied via the hydrogenation of quinoline as a model reaction. The composites were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), powder X-ray diffraction, and low-temperature N2 adsorption. It was found that the composites containing Pd nanoparticles (NPs) of 5-40 nm size were the most efficient catalysts for the hydrogenation of dienes, providing the reduced products with up to 90% yields at p(H2) = 100 atm, T = 30 °C for 24 h. The method of Pd NPs formation had more effect on the catalyst performance than the size of the NPs. The catalytic performance of Pearlman's catalysts (Pd(OH)2/C) in the hydrogenation of dienes was comparable to or lower than the performance of the Pd/C systems, though the Pearlman's catalysts were more efficient in the hydrogenation of quinoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav V. Subotin
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- L.V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii M. Asaula
- L.V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eduard V. Verner
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- L.V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykyta O. Ivanytsya
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- L.V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksiy Shvets
- L.V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eugeniy N. Ostapchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V. Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V. Kolotilov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- L.V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
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2
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Avila E, Nixarlidis C, Shon YS. Water-Soluble Pd Nanoparticles for the Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Allyl Benzene in Water. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:348. [PMID: 36678101 PMCID: PMC9866704 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity and selectivity of two different water-soluble palladium nanoparticles capped with 5-(trimethylammonio)pentanethiolate and 6-(carboxylate)hexanethiolate ligands are investigated using the catalytic reaction of allyl benzene. The results show that the regioselective transformation of allyl benzene to 3-phenylpropanal occurs at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure in neat water via a Tsuji-Wacker type oxidation. Conventionally, the Tsuji-Wacker oxidation promotes the Markovnikov oxidation of terminal alkenes to their respective ketones in the presence of dioxygen. Water-soluble Pd nanoparticles, however, catalyze the anti-Markovnikov oxidation of allyl benzene to 3-phenylpropanal in up to 83% yields. Catalytic results of other aromatic alkenes suggest that the presence of benzylic hydrogen is a key to the formation of a p-allyl Pd intermediate and the anti-Markovnikov addition of H2O. The subsequent b-H elimination and tautomerization contribute to the formation of aldehyde products. Water-soluble Pd nanoparticles are characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Catalysis results are examined using 1H NMR and/or GC-MS analyses of isolated reaction mixtures.
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Ortega DD, Pavlakovich N, Shon YS. Effects of lipid bilayer encapsulation and lipid composition on the catalytic activity and colloidal stability of hydrophobic palladium nanoparticles in water. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21866-21874. [PMID: 36043067 PMCID: PMC9361304 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03974e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article shows the preparation of a lipid-nanoparticle assembly (LNA) which contains hydrophobic palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) within the hydrophobic regions of the liposomal micelles. To understand the colloidal stability and catalytic activity of LNAs, the structure–property relationships of LNAs are investigated by manipulating the lipid composition and reaction temperature. The studies of LNAs using dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show decreased colloidal stability with the incorporation of PdNPs compared to their counterpart 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) liposomes without PdNPs. LNAs with PdNPs catalyze the hydrogenation of 1-octene and its isomers to octane under one atm hydrogen gas and at room temperature within 24 h. The kinetic studies show that the isomerization of 1-octene to 2-octene occurs more favorably in the early stage of the reactions, which is followed by the subsequent hydrogenation of all octene isomers. The studies on temperature effects indicate that there is a significant increase in conversion yield of substrates when the reaction temperature increases from 22 to 37 °C, which correspond to room temperature and biological temperature, respectively. Phase transition of DSPC-PdNP LNAs from gel to liquid crystalline phase changing the fluidity of the bilayer is proposed to be the main reason for dramatic increases in the catalytic activity of the LNAs. It is also found that the rate of hydrogenation is dependent on the lipid composition of LNAs with the presence of cholesterol having a negative influence on the catalytic activity of LNAs while increasing their colloidal stability. Hydrophobic micellization effect and dynamic lipid bilayer–substrate interactions enhance the catalytic activity of hydrophobic Pd nanoparticles embedded in liposomal assemblies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick D Ortega
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach 1250 Bellflower Blvd. Long Beach CA 90840 Unites States
| | - Nicholas Pavlakovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach 1250 Bellflower Blvd. Long Beach CA 90840 Unites States
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach 1250 Bellflower Blvd. Long Beach CA 90840 Unites States
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shihui Zou
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Baizeng Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Alam AM, Shon YS. Water-Soluble Noble Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts Capped with Small Organic Molecules for Organic Transformations in Water. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3294-3318. [PMID: 34095774 PMCID: PMC8171274 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article recaps a variety of interesting catalytic studies based on solubilized and freely movable noble metal nanoparticle catalysts employed for organic reactions in either pure water or water-organic biphasic systems. Small organic ligand-capped metal nanoparticles are fundamentally attractive materials due to their enormous potential as a well-defined system that can provide spatial control near active catalytic sites. The nanoparticle catalysts are first grouped based on the synthetic method (direct reduction, phase transfer, and redispersion) and then again based on the type of reaction such as alkene hydrogenation, arene hydrogenation, nitroaromatic reduction, carbon-carbon coupling reactions, etc. The impacts of various ligands on the catalytic activity and selectivity of semi-heterogeneous nanoparticles in water are discussed in detail. The catalytic systems using polymers, dendrimers, and ionic liquids as supporting or protecting materials are excluded from the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Mahmnur Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Keck Energy and Materials Program (KEMP), California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Keck Energy and Materials Program (KEMP), California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
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Pulido-Díaz IT, Serrano-Maldonado A, López-Suárez CC, Méndez-Ocampo PA, Portales-Martínez B, Gutiérrez-Alejandre A, Salas-Martin KP, Guerrero-Ríos I. RhNPs supported on N-functionalized mesoporous silica: effect on catalyst stabilization and catalytic activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3289-3298. [PMID: 33595036 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04213g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amine and nicotinamide groups grafted on ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) were investigated as stabilizers for RhNPs used as catalysts in the hydrogenation of several substrates, including carbonyl and aryl groups. Supported RhNPs on functionalized OMS were prepared by controlled decomposition of an organometallic precursor of rhodium under dihydrogen pressure. The resulting materials were characterized thoroughly by spectroscopic and physical techniques (FTIR, TGA, BET, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS) to confirm the formation of spherical rhodium nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution supported on the silica surface. The use of nicotinamide functionalized OMS as a support afforded small RhNPs (2.3 ± 0.3 nm), and their size and shape were maintained after the catalyzed acetophenone hydrogenation. In contrast, amine-functionalized OMS formed RhNP aggregates after the catalytic reaction. The supported RhNPs could selectively reduce alkenyl, carbonyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups and were active in the reductive amination of phenol and morpholine, using a low concentration of the precious metal (0.07-0.18 mol%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel T Pulido-Díaz
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Serrano-Maldonado
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Carlos César López-Suárez
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Pedro A Méndez-Ocampo
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Benjamín Portales-Martínez
- CONACYT, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Conversión y Almacenamiento de Energía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calzada Legaría 694, Col. Irrigación, Ciudad de México, 11500, Mexico
| | - Aída Gutiérrez-Alejandre
- Depto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Karla P Salas-Martin
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Itzel Guerrero-Ríos
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 CDMX, Mexico.
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Tieu P, Nguyen V, Shon YS. Proximity Effects of Methyl Group on Ligand Steric Interactions and Colloidal Stability of Palladium Nanoparticles. Front Chem 2020; 8:599. [PMID: 32754577 PMCID: PMC7381309 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticle catalysts functionalized with small, well-defined organic ligands are important because such systems can provide a spatial control in the catalyst-substrate interactions. This article describes the synthesis, stability, and catalytic property evaluations of four different Pd nanoparticles capped with constitutional isomers of pentanethiolate ligands that have either a straight chain or an alkyl chain with one methyl group at different locations (α, β, or γ from the surface-bound sulfur). The structure and composition analyses of Pd nanoparticles confirm that they have similar average core sizes and organic ligand contents. The presence of methyl group at α position is found to lower the capping ability of short ligands and thus make Pd nanoparticles to lose their colloidal stability during the catalytic reactions. The overall activity and selectivity for hydrogenation and isomerization of pentene and allylbenzene derivatives are investigated for each combination of ligand and substrate. Catalysis results indicate that steric interactions between the ligands on the metal catalyst surface and the alkene substrates are a factor in controlling the activity of Pd nanoparticles. In particular, Pd nanoparticles capped with pentanethiolate isomer having a methyl group at α position exhibit poor and inconsistent catalytic activity due to its low colloidal stability. The presence of a methyl group at β position mildly interferes the adsorption of alkene group on the nanoparticle surface resulting in lower conversion yields. Interestingly, a methyl group at γ position only has a minimal effect on the catalytic property of Pd nanoparticles exhibiting similar catalysis results with Pd nanoparticles capped with straight chain pentanethiolate ligands. This indicates the proximity of steric group at the reactive site controls the nanoparticle activity for surface oriented reactions, such as hydrogenation and isomerization of alkenes in addition to their colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tieu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Vincent Nguyen
- Keck Energy and Materials Research Program, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
- Keck Energy and Materials Research Program, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
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8
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Mahdaly M, Zhu JS, Nguyen V, Shon YS. Colloidal Palladium Nanoparticles for Selective Hydrogenation of Styrene Derivatives with Reactive Functional Groups. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20819-20828. [PMID: 31858068 PMCID: PMC6906945 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the catalysis investigation of octanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles (C8 PdNP) and phenylethanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles (PhC2 PdNP) for chemoselective catalytic hydrogenation reactions of styrene derivatives in the presence of other reducible functionalities. The results show that the C8 PdNP is highly active under mild reaction conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure) and selective for hydrogenating monosubstituted alkene groups without reducing other reactive functional groups such as nitro, halo, carbonyls, and so forth. In comparison, the noncovalent interactions between surface phenyl ligands and aromatic substrates are found to hinder the hydrogenation activity of PhC2 PdNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed
A. Mahdaly
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Keck Energy Materials Program, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Jie S. Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Keck Energy Materials Program, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Vincent Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Keck Energy Materials Program, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Keck Energy Materials Program, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: 562-985-4466. Fax: 562-985-8547
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Vargas KM, San KA, Shon YS. Isolated Effects of Surface Ligand Density on the Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of Palladium Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2019; 2:7188-7196. [PMID: 34085029 PMCID: PMC8171273 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have previously been synthesized by using a modified Brust-Schiffrin synthesis (using alkanethiosulfate instead of alkanethiol), in which the nanoparticle core size is established during alkanethiosulfate ligand passivation of the nanoparticle nucleation-growth initiated by borohydride reduction. Because of the dependence of core size on the amount of ligand present, surface ligand density decreases with increasing core size. Herein we present a method in which the core size is established independent of ligand addition, allowing the formation of PdNPs with similar core sizes yet different surface ligand densities. In this method, the core size is established during the temporary passivation of growing nanoparticles by borohydride and tetra-N-octylammonium bromide (TOAB), allowing nucleation to reach completion. Various molar equivalents of alkyl thiosulfate are then added, prompting the replacement of borohydride and TOAB and the formation of alkanethiolate-capped PdNPs. The resulting PdNPs were characterized by using 1H NMR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The overall enhanced catalytic activity of hydrogenation/isomerization of alkenes and dienes was observed for PdNPs with a lower ligand density, proving the isolated effect of surface ligand density from other variations such as core size and shape. Surface ligand density is also shown to influence the hydrogenation/isomerization product selectivity of the catalytic reactions by regulating the formation of certain Pd-substrate intermediates and the kinetic diffusion of surface hydrogen/substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Vargas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
- Keck Energy Materials Program, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Khin Aye San
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
- Keck Energy Materials Program, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
- Corresponding Author:. Phone: 562-985-4466. Fax: 562-985-8547
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Serrano‐Maldonado A, Martin E, Guerrero‐Ríos I. Pyridine‐Stabilized Rhodium Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids as Selective Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Serrano‐Maldonado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000 04510 CDMX Mexico
| | - Erika Martin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000 04510 CDMX Mexico
| | - Itzel Guerrero‐Ríos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000 04510 CDMX Mexico
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Abstract
Biomolecule-nanoparticle hybrids have proven to be one of most promising frontiers in biomedical research. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on the development of hybrid lipid-nanoparticle complexes (HLNCs) which inherit unique properties of both the inorganic nanoparticles and the lipid assemblies (i.e. liposomes, lipoproteins, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions) that comprise them. In combination of their component parts, HLNCs also gain new functionalities which are utilized for numerous biomedical applications (i.e. stimuli-triggered drug release, photothermal therapy, and bioimaging). The localization of nanoparticles within the lipid assemblies largely dictates the attributes and functionalities of the hybrid complexes and are classified as such: (i) liposomes with surface-bound nanoparticles, (ii) liposomes with bilayer-embedded nanoparticles, (iii) liposomes with core-encapsulated nanoparticles, (iv) lipid assemblies with hydrophobic core-encapsulated nanoparticles, and (v) lipid bilayer-coated nanoparticles. Herein, we review the properties of each hybrid and the rational design of HLNCs for biomedical applications as reported by recent investigations. Future directions in advancing and expanding the scope of HLNCs are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vargas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840-9507, USA
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840-9507, USA
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12
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Chen TA, Shon YS. Alkanethiolate-Capped Palladium Nanoparticles for Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Allenes. Catalysts 2018; 8. [PMID: 30733870 PMCID: PMC6363366 DOI: 10.3390/catal8100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal Pd nanoparticles capped with octanethiolate ligands have previously shown an excellent selectivity toward the mono-hydrogenation of both isolated and conjugated dienes to internal alkenes. This paper reports an efficient stereoselective mono-hydrogenation of cumulated dienes (allenes) to either Z or E olefinic isomers, depending on the substitution pattern around C=C bonds. Kinetic studies indicate that the reaction progresses through the hydrogenation of less hindered C=C bonds to produce internal Z olefinic isomers. In the cases of di-substitued olefinic products, this initial hydrogenation step is followed by the subsequent isomerization of Z to E isomers. In contrast, the slow isomerization of Z to E isomers for tri-substituted olefinic products results in the preservation of Z stereochemistry. The high selectivity of Pd nanoparticles averting an additional hydrogenation is steered from the controlled electronic and geometric properties of the Pd surface, which are the result of thiolate-induced partial poisoning and surface crowding, respectively. The high activity of colloidal Pd nanoparticle catalysts allows the reactions to be completed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
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13
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San KA, Shon YS. Synthesis of Alkanethiolate-Capped Metal Nanoparticles Using Alkyl Thiosulfate Ligand Precursors: A Method to Generate Promising Reagents for Selective Catalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E346. [PMID: 29783714 PMCID: PMC5977360 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of metal nanoparticle catalysts functionalized with well-defined thiolate ligands can be potentially important because such systems can provide a spatial control in the reactivity and selectivity of catalysts. A synthetic method utilizing Bunte salts (sodium S-alkylthiosulfates) allows the formation of metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, and Ir) capped with alkanethiolate ligands. The catalysis studies on Pd nanoparticles show a strong correlation between the surface ligand structure/composition and the catalytic activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation/isomerization of alkenes, dienes, trienes, and allylic alcohols. The high selectivity of Pd nanoparticles is driven by the controlled electronic properties of the Pd surface limiting the formation of Pd⁻alkene adducts (or intermediates) necessary for (additional) hydrogenation. The synthesis of water soluble Pd nanoparticles using ω-carboxylate-S-alkanethiosulfate salts is successfully achieved and these Pd nanoparticles are examined for the hydrogenation of various unsaturated compounds in both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Alkanethiolate-capped Pt nanoparticles are also successfully synthesized and further investigated for the hydrogenation of various alkynes to understand their geometric and electronic surface properties. The high catalytic activity of activated terminal alkynes, but the significantly low activity of internal alkynes and unactivated terminal alkynes, are observed for Pt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Aye San
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
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14
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Serrano-Maldonado A, Rozenel SS, Jimenez-Santiago JL, Guerrero-Ríos I, Martin E. Rh nanoparticles from thiolate dimers: selective and reusable hydrogenation catalysts in ionic liquids. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiolate-capped RhNPs in imidazolium-based ionic liquids were synthesized from [Rh(μ-SR)(COD)]2 dimmers under H2 pressure without external addition of ligand stabilizers, preserving thiolate integrity on the nanoparticle surface. This nanoparticulated systems showed a remarkable selectivity that led to their application in the one pot reductive N-alkylation to produce amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Serrano-Maldonado
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 CDMX
- Mexico
| | - S. S. Rozenel
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 CDMX
- Mexico
| | - J. L. Jimenez-Santiago
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 CDMX
- Mexico
| | - I. Guerrero-Ríos
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 CDMX
- Mexico
| | - E. Martin
- Depto. de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 CDMX
- Mexico
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15
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Maung MS, Shon YS. Effects of Noncovalent Interactions on the Catalytic Activity of Unsupported Colloidal Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized with Thiolate Ligands. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:20882-20891. [PMID: 29326755 PMCID: PMC5758047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b07109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the systematic evaluation of colloidal palladium nanoparticles functionalized with well-defined small organic ligands that provide spatial control of the geometric and electronic surface properties of nanoparticle catalysts. Palladium nanoparticles stabilized with thiolate ligands of different structures and functionalities (linear alkyl vs cyclohexyl vs phenyl) are synthesized using the thiosulfate protocol in a two-phase system. The structure and composition of palladium nanoparticles are characterized using transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopies. The catalysis studies show that the chemical and structural compositions of monolayers surrounding the nanoparticle core greatly influence the overall activity and selectivity of colloidal palladium nanoparticle catalysts for the hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydrogenolysis of allylic alcohols. Especially, noncovalent interactions between surface phenyl ligands and incoming aromatic substrates are found to have a profound influence on the selectivity of colloidal palladium nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Corresponding Author: . Telephone: 562-985-4466. Fax: 562-985-8547
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16
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Chen TA, Shon YS. Alkanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles for selective catalytic hydrogenation of dienes and trienes. Catal Sci Technol 2017; 7:4823-4829. [PMID: 29713450 DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01880k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of dienes and trienes is an important process in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Our group previously reported that the thiosulfate protocol using a sodium S-alkylthiosulfate ligand could generate catalytically active Pd nanoparticles (PdNP) capped with a lower density of alkanethio-late ligands. This homogeneously soluble PdNP catalyst offers several advantages such as little contamination via Pd leaching and easy separation and recycling. In addition, the high activity of PdNP allows the reactions to be completed under mild conditions, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Herein, a PdNP catalyst capped with octanethiolate ligands (C8 PdNP) is investigated for the selective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes into monoenes. The strong influence of the thiolate ligands on the chemical and electronic properties of the Pd surface is confirmed by mechanistic studies and highly selective catalysis results. The studies also suggest two major routes for the conjugated diene hydrogenation: the 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition of hydrogen. The selectivity between two mono-hydrogenation products is controlled by the steric interaction of substrates and the thermodynamic stability of products. The catalytic hydrogenation of trienes also results in the almost quantitative formation of mono-hydrogenation products, the isolated dienes, from both ocimene and myrcene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Keck Energy Materials Program, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, USA
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Keck Energy Materials Program, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, USA
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17
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San KA, Chen V, Shon YS. Preparation of Partially Poisoned Alkanethiolate-Capped Platinum Nanoparticles for Hydrogenation of Activated Terminal Alkynes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9823-9832. [PMID: 28252941 PMCID: PMC5364944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stable and isolable alkanethiolate-stabilized Pt nanoparticles (PtNP) were synthesized using the two-phase thiosulfate method with sodium S-alkylthiosulfate as ligand precursor. The mechanistic formation of octanethiolate-capped PtNP (Pt-SC8) from both sodium S-octylthiosulfate and 1-octanethiol ligands was investigated by using 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies, which revealed the formation of different Pt complexes as the reaction intermediates. The synthesis using S-octylthiosulfate ligand precursor produced Pt-SC8 in higher yields than that using 1-octanethiol ligand. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by 1H NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results obtained from 1H NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy were consistent with the formation of stable and pure alkanethiolate-capped PtNP. TEM images of PtNP confirmed their small average core size (∼1.5 nm) and high monodispersity. The partially poisoned PtNP with thiolate monolayer ligands were further investigated for the hydrogenation of various alkynes to understand the organic ligands-induced geometric and electronic surface properties of colloidal Pt nanoparticle catalysts. The high catalytic activity of activated terminal alkynes, but the significantly low activity of internal alkynes and unactivated terminal alkynes, were observed under the mild reaction conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure). These results indicated that the presence of alkanethiolate ligands could decrease the coordination activity of PtNP surface especially for the bulkier and unactivated substrates.
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18
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Chuc LT, Chen CS, Lo WS, Shen PC, Hsuan YC, Tsai HHG, Shieh FK, Hou DR. Long-Range Olefin Isomerization Catalyzed by Palladium(0) Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:698-711. [PMID: 31457465 PMCID: PMC6640945 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long-range olefin isomerization of 2-alkenylbenzoic acid derivatives going through two to five sp3-carbon atoms to give (E)-alkenes was achieved with palladium(0) nanoparticles. The substrate scope of this reaction includes carboxylic acid, ester, and primary to tertiary amides and tolerates various substituents on the benzene ring. This isomerization reaction was catalyzed by recyclable Pd(0) nanoparticles, prepared in situ from PdCl2 and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. 1H NMR studies and kinetic modeling supported a stepwise process. This new process was applied to synthesize a natural dihydroisocoumarin with good efficiency.
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19
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Maung MS, Dinh T, Salazar C, Shon YS. Unsupported Micellar Palladium Nanoparticles for Biphasic Hydrogenation and Isomerization of Hydrophobic Allylic Alcohols in Water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017; 513:367-372. [PMID: 28579696 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the evaluation of water-soluble palladium nanoparticles with hydrophobic active sites that are ideal for the biphasic colloidal catalysis of water-insoluble organic substrates in aqueous solution. Palladium nanoparticles stabilized with ω-carboxylate-functionalized alkanethiolate are first synthesized using ω-carboxylate-S-alkylthiosulfate as their ligand precursor. The biphasic catalysis is carried out for the reaction of hydrophobic allylic alcohols without using any additional mixing solvent or surfactant, which results in the complete consumption of substrates under the atmospheric pressure of H2 gas and at room temperature in less than 24 h. Systematic investigations on the influence of pH and substrate size are also performed to examine the utility of these thiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles as structurally stable and water-soluble micellar catalysts for the biphasic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S Maung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250, Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Tommy Dinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250, Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Christian Salazar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250, Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250, Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California 90840, United States
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20
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Chen V, Pan H, Jacobs R, Derakhshan S, Shon YS. Influence of Graphene Oxide Supports on Solution-Phase Catalysis of Thiolate-Protected Palladium Nanoparticles in Water. NEW J CHEM 2016; 41:177-183. [PMID: 28652688 DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of graphene oxide supports and thiolate surface ligands on the catalytic activity of colloidal Pd nanoparticles for alkyne hydrogenation in water is investigated. The studies show that unsupported, water-soluble thiolate-capped Pd nanoparticle catalysts favor the semi-hydrogenation over full-hydrogenation of dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD) under the atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. Pd nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide exhibit a similar activity for the hydrogenation of DMAD, but they show an improved long-term colloidal stability in aqueous solution after multiple catalytic cycles. After the heat treatment of Pd nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide at 300 °C, these heated hybrids exhibit an enhanced catalytic activity towards the full-hydrogenation. Overall, the studies suggest some influences of graphene oxide supports on the stability and thiolate surface ligands on the activity and selectivity of Pd nanoparticle catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California, 90840-9507 (USA)
| | - Hanqing Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California, 90840-9507 (USA)
| | - Roxanne Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California, 90840-9507 (USA)
| | - Shahab Derakhshan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California, 90840-9507 (USA)
| | - Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, California, 90840-9507 (USA)
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21
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Taniguchi K, Jin X, Yamaguchi K, Mizuno N. Facile access to N-substituted anilines via dehydrogenative aromatization catalysis over supported gold–palladium bimetallic nanoparticles. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01908g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a gold–palladium alloy nanoparticle catalyst (Au–Pd/Al2O3) and styrene, various kinds of structurally diverse N-substituted anilines (twenty three examples) could be synthesized starting from cyclohexanones and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Noritaka Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
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