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Mahapatra AD, Lee JW. Metal oxide charge transporting layers for stable high-performance perovskite solar cells. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in metal oxide charge transporting layers to achieve stable high-performance perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Das Mahapatra
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Vasilopoulou M, Soultati A, Filippatos PP, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Nazeeruddin MK, Palilis LC. Charge transport materials for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2022; 10:11063-11104. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tc00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
An overview on recent advances in the fundamental understanding of how interfaces of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (mp-PSCs) with different architectures, upon incorporating various charge transport layers, influence their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Petros-Panagis Filippatos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
- Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohhamad Khadja Nazeeruddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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Contrasting Electron and Hole Transfer Dynamics from CH(NH2)2PbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots to Charge Transport Layers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAs) was utilized to first investigate the charge transfer from the emerging FAPbI3 (FA = CH(NH2)2) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) to charge transport layers. Specifically, we compared the TAs in pure FAPbI3 PQDs, PQDs grown with both electron and hole transfer layers (ETL and HTL), and PQDs with only ETL or HTL. The TA signals induced by photoexcited electrons decay much faster in PQDs samples with the ETL (~20 ps) compared to the pure FAPbI3 PQDs (>1 ns). These results reveal that electrons can effectively transport between coupled PQDs and transfer to the ETL (TiO2) at a time scale of 20 ps, much faster than the bimolecular charge recombination inside the PQDs (>1 ns), and the electron transfer efficiency is estimated to be close to 100%. In contrast, the temporal evolution of the TA signals in the PQDs with and without HTL exhibit negligible change, and no substantive hole transfer to the HTL (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], PTAA) occurs within 1 ns. The much slower hole transfer implies the further potential of increasing the overall photo-carrier conversion efficiency through enhancing the hole diffusion length and fine-tuning the coupling between the HTL and PQDs.
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Jiménez-López J, Puscher BMD, Guldi DM, Palomares E. Improved Carrier Collection and Hot Electron Extraction Across Perovskite, C 60, and TiO 2 Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1236-1246. [PMID: 31867954 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of C60 as an interfacial layer between TiO2 and methylammonium lead iodide perovskite is probed to reduce the current-voltage hysteresis in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and, in turn, to impact the interfacial carrier injection and recombination processes that limit solar cell efficiencies. Detailed kinetic analyses across different time scales, that is, from the femtoseconds to the seconds, reveal that the charge carrier lifetimes as well as the charge injection and charge recombination dynamics depend largely on the presence or absence of C60. In addition, we corroborate that C60 is applicable in hot carrier PSCs as it is capable of extracting hot carriers generated throughout the early time scales following photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Jiménez-López
- The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST) , Avda. Països Catalans,16 , Tarragona E-43007 , Spain.,Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Bianka M D Puscher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Emilio Palomares
- The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST) , Avda. Països Catalans,16 , Tarragona E-43007 , Spain.,ICREA , Passeig Lluis Companys 28 , 08018 Barcelona , Spain
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Zheng M, Xu W, Xiao J, Bian W, Wu J. Hierarchically Anatase TiO2 microspheres composed of tiny octahedra used as mesoporous layer in perovskite solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Anuratha KS, Peng HS, Xiao Y, Su TS, Wei TC, Lin JY. Electrodeposition of nanostructured TiO2 thin film as an efficient bifunctional layer for perovskite solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jeong I, Park YH, Bae S, Park M, Jeong H, Lee P, Ko MJ. Solution-Processed Ultrathin TiO 2 Compact Layer Hybridized with Mesoporous TiO 2 for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36865-36874. [PMID: 28992419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electron transport layer (ETL) is a key component of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and must provide efficient electron extraction and collection while minimizing the charge recombination at interfaces in order to ensure high performance. Conventional bilayered TiO2 ETLs fabricated by depositing compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) and mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2) in sequence exhibit resistive losses due to the contact resistance at the c-TiO2/mp-TiO2 interface and the series resistance arising from the intrinsically low conductivity of TiO2. Herein, to minimize such resistive losses, we developed a novel ETL consisting of an ultrathin c-TiO2 layer hybridized with mp-TiO2, which is fabricated by performing one-step spin-coating of a mp-TiO2 solution containing a small amount of titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) (TAA). By using electron microscopies and elemental mapping analysis, we establish that the optimal concentration of TAA produces an ultrathin blocking layer with a thickness of ∼3 nm and ensures that the mp-TiO2 layer has a suitable porosity for efficient perovskite infiltration. We compare PSCs based on mesoscopic ETLs with and without compact layers to determine the role of the hole-blocking layer in their performances. The hybrid ETLs exhibit enhanced electron extraction and reduced charge recombination, resulting in better photovoltaic performances and reduced hysteresis of PSCs compared to those with conventional bilayered ETLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Jeong
- Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Park
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Bae
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Jeong
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip Lee
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Ko
- Department of Chemical and Engineering, Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdonggu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Chen M, Mokhtar MZ, Whittaker E, Lian Q, Hamilton B, O'Brien P, Zhu M, Cui Z, Haque SA, Saunders BR. Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10126-10137. [PMID: 28696442 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a disruptive technology that continues to attract considerable attention due to their remarkable and sustained power conversion efficiency increase. Improving PSC stability and reducing expensive hole transport material (HTM) usage are two aspects that are gaining increased attention. In a new approach, we investigate the ability of insulating polystyrene microgel particles (MGs) to increase PSC stability and replace the majority of the HTM phase. MGs are sub-micrometre crosslinked polymer particles that swell in a good solvent. The MGs were prepared using a scalable emulsion polymerisation method. Mixed HTM/MG dispersions were subsequently spin-coated onto PSCs and formed composite HTM-MG layers. The HTMs employed were poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and Spiro-MeOTAD (Spiro). The MGs formed mechanically robust composite HTMs with PTAA and P3HT. In contrast, Spiro-MG composites contained micro-cracks due the inability of the relatively small Spiro molecules to interdigitate. The efficiencies for the PSCs containing PTAA-MG and P3HT-MG decreased by only ∼20% compared to control PSCs despite PTAA and P3HT being the minority phases. They occupied only ∼35 vol% of the composite HTMs. An unexpected finding from the study was that the MGs dispersed well within the PTAA matrix. This morphology aided strong quenching of the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx fluorescence. In addition, the open circuit voltages for the PSCs prepared using P3HT-MG increased by ∼170 mV compared to control PSCs. To demonstrate their versatility the MGs were also used to encapsulate P3HT-based PSCs. Solar cell stability data for the latter as well as those for PSCs containing composite HTM-MG were both far superior compared to data measured for a control PSC. Since MGs can reduce conjugated polymer use and increase stability they have good potential as dual-role PSC additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Chen
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Muhamad Z Mokhtar
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Eric Whittaker
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Qing Lian
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Bruce Hamilton
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mingning Zhu
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Zhengxing Cui
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brian R Saunders
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Huang A, Zhu J, Zheng J, Yu Y, Liu Y, Yang S, Bao S, Lei L, Jin P. Mesostructured perovskite solar cells based on highly ordered TiO 2 network scaffold via anodization of Ti thin film. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:055403. [PMID: 28029104 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An anodized TiO2 interconnected network was fabricated and utilized as a mesoporous scaffold and electron transporter in perovskite solar cells. By modifying the synthesis parameters, the morphological features of the interconnected TiO2 nanostructures can be widely tuned and precisely controlled. The functional properties of the anodized TiO2 network are found to be severely influenced by morphology as well as the extent of oxidation. The device with the optimized TiO2 network exhibits superior electron extraction and transferability, resulting in conspicuous enhancement of the photocurrent and power conversion efficiency (PCE). This work proposes a promising and facile method for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dingxi, 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan 19, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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Leng J, Liu J, Zhang J, Jin S. Decoupling Interfacial Charge Transfer from Bulk Diffusion Unravels Its Intrinsic Role for Efficient Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5056-5061. [PMID: 27973883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a perovskite solar cell, the overall photoinduced charge-transfer (CT) process comprises both charge diffusion through the bulk to perovskite/electrode interfaces and interfacial electron and hole transfer to electrodes. In this study, we decoupled these two entangled processes by investigating the film thickness-dependent CT dynamics from CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites to [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (electron acceptor) and spiro-OMeTAD (hole acceptor). By fitting ultrafast transient absorption kinetics to an explicit "diffusion-coupled charge-transfer" model, we found that the charge diffusion from the film interior to perovskite/electrode interfaces took ∼200 ps to a few nanoseconds, depending on the thickness of perovskite film; the subsequent interfacial charge transfer was ultrafast, ∼6 ps for electron transfer to PCBM and ∼8 ps for hole transfer to spiro-OMeTAD, and led to efficient charge extraction (>90%) to electrodes in a 400 nm thick film. Our results indicate that the picosecond interfacial charge transfer is a key to high-performance perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Junxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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Zhu Z, Bai Y, Liu X, Chueh CC, Yang S, Jen AKY. Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Using Highly Crystalline SnO2 Nanocrystals as the Robust Electron-Transporting Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6478-84. [PMID: 27168338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly crystalline SnO2 is demonstrated to serve as a stable and robust electron-transporting layer for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Benefiting from its high crystallinity, the relatively thick SnO2 electron-transporting layer (≈120 nm) provides a respectable electron-transporting property to yield a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE)(18.8%) Over 90% of the initial PCE can be retained after 30 d storage in ambient with ≈70% relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shihe Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Pydzińska K, Karolczak J, Kosta I, Tena-Zaera R, Todinova A, Idígoras J, Anta JA, Ziółek M. Determination of Interfacial Charge-Transfer Rate Constants in Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:1647-1659. [PMID: 27253726 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple protocol to study the dynamics of charge transfer to selective contacts in perovskite solar cells, based on time-resolved laser spectroscopy studies, in which the effect of bimolecular electron-hole recombination has been eliminated, is proposed. Through the proposed procedure, the interfacial charge-transfer rate constants from methylammonium lead iodide perovskite to different contact materials can be determined. Hole transfer is faster for CuSCN (rate constant 0.20 ns(-1) ) than that for 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD; 0.06 ns(-1) ), and electron transfer is faster for mesoporous (0.11 ns(-1) ) than that for compact (0.02 ns(-1) ) TiO2 layers. Despite more rapid charge separation, the photovoltaic performance of CuSCN cells is worse than that of spiro-OMeTAD cells; this is explained by faster charge recombination in CuSCN cells, as revealed by impedance spectroscopy. The proposed direction of studies should be one of the key strategies to explore efficient hole-selective contacts as an alternative to spiro-OMeTAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pydzińska
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Karolczak
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ivet Kosta
- Materials Division, IK4-CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20009, Spain
| | - Ramon Tena-Zaera
- Materials Division, IK4-CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20009, Spain
| | - Anna Todinova
- Nanostructured Solar Cells Group, Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, ES-41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesus Idígoras
- Nanostructured Solar Cells Group, Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, ES-41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A Anta
- Nanostructured Solar Cells Group, Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, ES-41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marcin Ziółek
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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