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Pan Y, Chen F, Li Y, Yang W, Sun L, Yi Z. A carbon nanotube metamaterial sensor showing slow light properties based on double plasmon-induced transparency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16096-16106. [PMID: 38780318 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a bifunctional sensor of high sensitivity and slow light based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). An array of left semicircular ring (LSR), right semicircular ring (RSR), and circular ring (CR) resonators are utilized to form the proposed metamaterial. The proposed structure can achieve double plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effects under the excitation of a TM-polarization wave. The double PIT originated from the destructive interference between two bright modes and a dark mode. A coupled harmonic oscillator model is used to describe the destructive interference between the two bright modes and a dark mode, and the simulation results agree well with the calculated results. Moreover, we investigate the influence of the coupling distance, period, and flare angle on the PIT spectra. The relationship between the resonant frequencies, full width at half maximum (FWHM), amplitudes, quality factors (Q), and the coupling distance is also studied. Finally, a high sensitivity of 1.02 THz RIU-1 is obtained, and the transmission performance can be maintained at a good level when the incident angle is less than 40°. Thus, the sensor can cope with situations where electromagnetic waves are not perpendicular to the structure's surface. The maximum figure of merit (FOM) can reach about 8.26 RIU-1; to verify the slow light property of the device, the slow light performance of the proposed structure is investigated, and a maximum time delay (TD) of 22.26 ps is obtained. The proposed CNT-based metamaterial can be used in electromagnetically induced transparency applications, such as sensors, optical memory devices, and flexible terahertz functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Pan
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuchang Li
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihui Sun
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zao Yi
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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2
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Chen M, Yang XX. Polarization-insensitive electromagnetically induced transparency and its sensing performance based on spoof localized surface plasmons in vanadium dioxide-based terahertz metasurfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21074-21081. [PMID: 37526248 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The multi-layer terahertz metasurfaces are designed to achieve polarization-insensitive electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect and its sensing performance based on spoof localized surface plasmons (S-LSPs). The unit cell of the proposed metasurfaces is comprised of a metallic spiral (MS) structure, square metal frame (SMF) structure, and vanadium dioxide (VO2) layer. The EIT effect is realized by the bright-bright coupling between spoof electric localized surface plasmons (S-ELSPs) and electric dipole, which can be proved by the multipole scattering theory. The maximum value of transmission amplitude at the transparent window is 0.91, and the modulation depth can reach 51% by adjusting the conductivity of VO2. The theoretical results based on the two-particle model show excellent agreement with the simulated results. Moreover, the change of polarization angle has little effect on the EIT effect and the proposed metasurfaces show polarization-insensitive characteristics. The slow light effect of the proposed metasurfaces can also be dynamically controlled by tuning the conductivity of VO2. Due to the high Q value of the transparent window, the proposed metasurfaces exhibit excellent sensing performance, and the sensitivity is 0.172 THz RIU-1. Our study provides a method for the fabrication of EIT metasurfaces and has a broad application prospect in slow light devices, sensors, and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue-Xia Yang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Lee Y, Low MJ, Yang D, Nam HK, Le TSD, Lee SE, Han H, Kim S, Vu QH, Yoo H, Yoon H, Lee J, Sandeep S, Lee K, Kim SW, Kim YJ. Ultra-thin light-weight laser-induced-graphene (LIG) diffractive optics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:146. [PMID: 37322023 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The realization of hybrid optics could be one of the best ways to fulfill the technological requirements of compact, light-weight, and multi-functional optical systems for modern industries. Planar diffractive lens (PDL) such as diffractive lenses, photonsieves, and metasurfaces can be patterned on ultra-thin flexible and stretchable substrates and be conformally attached on top of arbitrarily shaped surfaces. In this review, we introduce recent research works addressed to the design and manufacturing of ultra-thin graphene optics, which will open new markets in compact and light-weight optics for next-generation endoscopic brain imaging, space internet, real-time surface profilometry, and multi-functional mobile phones. To provide higher design flexibility, lower process complexity, and chemical-free process with reasonable investment cost, direct laser writing (DLW) of laser-induced-graphene (LIG) is actively being applied to the patterning of PDL. For realizing the best optical performances in DLW, photon-material interactions have been studied in detail with respect to different laser parameters; the resulting optical characteristics have been evaluated in terms of amplitude and phase. A series of exemplary laser-written 1D and 2D PDL structures have been actively demonstrated with different base materials, and then, the cases are being expanded to plasmonic and holographic structures. The combination of these ultra-thin and light-weight PDL with conventional bulk refractive or reflective optical elements could bring together the advantages of each optical element. By integrating these suggestions, we suggest a way to realize the hybrid PDL to be used in the future micro-electronics surface inspection, biomedical, outer space, and extended reality (XR) industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ji Low
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- Panasonic Factory Solutions Asia Pacific (PFSAP), 285 Jalan Ahmad Ibrahim, 639931, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongwook Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Ku Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong-Son Dinh Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogeun Han
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Quang Huy Vu
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seuoltech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Yoon
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seuoltech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchand Sandeep
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keunwoo Lee
- LASER N GRAPN INC., 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Pasdari-Kia M, Masihi A, Mohammadi M, Ahmadi H, Memarian M. Variational-based approach to investigate Fano resonant plasmonic metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16645-16658. [PMID: 37157740 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the widespread applications of resonant phenomena in metasurfaces to bend, slow, concentrate, guide and manipulate lights, it is important to gain deep analytical insight into different types of resonances. Fano resonance and its special case electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) which are realized in coupled resonators, have been the subject of many studies due to their high-quality factor and strong field confinement. In this paper, an efficient approach based on Floquet modal expansion is presented to accurately predict the electromagnetic response of two-dimensional/one-dimensional Fano resonant plasmonic metasurfaces. Unlike the previously reported methods, this method is valid over a wide frequency range for different types of coupled resonators and can be applied to practical structures where the array is placed on one or more dielectric layers. Given that the formulation is written in a comprehensive and flexible way, both metal-based and graphene-based plasmonic metasurfaces under normal/oblique incident waves are investigated, and it is demonstrated that this method can be posed as an accurate tool for the design of diverse practical tunable/untunable metasurfaces.
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Li G, Wang G, Zhang Y, Shen J, Zhang B. Tunable resonance of a graphene-perovskite terahertz metasurface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:756-766. [PMID: 36756529 PMCID: PMC9890603 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00577h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The combination of graphene and perovskite has received extensive research attention because its photoelectric properties are excellent for the dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions. Combining graphene and perovskite with a metasurface is expected to effectively improve the metasurface device's performance. Here, we report a terahertz graphene-perovskite metasurface with a tunable resonance. Under 780 nm laser excitation, the device's THz transmission is significantly reduced, and the Fano resonance mode can be manipulated in multiple dimensions. We verify the experimental results using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. Graphene and perovskite interact strongly with the metasurface, resulting in a short-circuit effect, which significantly weakens the resonance intensity of the Fano mode. The photoinduced conductivity enhancement intensifies the short-circuit effect, reducing the THz transmission and resonance intensity of the Fano mode and causing the resonance frequency to redshift. Finally, we provide a reference value for applications of hybrid metasurface-based optical devices in a real environment by investigating the effect of moisture on device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Guocui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jingling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
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6
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Tang B, Guo Z, Jin G. Polarization-controlled and symmetry-dependent multiple plasmon-induced transparency in graphene-based metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35554-35566. [PMID: 36258504 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically and numerically demonstrate a polarization-controlled and symmetry-dependent multiple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in a graphene-based metasurface. The unit cell of metasurface is composed of two reversely placed U-shaped graphene nanostructures and a rectangular graphene ring stacking on a dielectric substrate. By adjusting the polarization of incident light, the number of transparency windows can be actively modulated between 1 and 2 when the nanostructure keeps a geometrical symmetry with respect to the x-axis. Especially, when the rectangular graphene ring has a displacement along the y-direction, the number of transparency windows can be arbitrarily switched between 2 and 3. The operation mechanism behind the phenomena can be attributed to the near-field coupling and electromagnetic interaction between the bright modes excited in the unit of graphene resonators. Moreover, the electromagnetic simulations obtained by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method agree well with the theoretical results based on the coupled modes theory (CMT). In addition, as applications of the designed nanostructure, we also study the modulation degrees of amplitude, insertion loss and group index of transmission spectra for different Fermi energies, which demonstrates an excellent synchronous switch functionality and slow light effect at multiple frequencies. Our designed metasurface may have potential applications in mid-infrared optoelectronic devices, such as optical switches, modulators, and slow-light devices, etc.
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Cao M, Wang J, Yuen MMF, Yan D. Realization of Multifunctional Metamaterial Structure Based on the Combination of Vanadium Dioxide and Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2883. [PMID: 36014748 PMCID: PMC9413590 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combining tunable properties and various functionalities into a single metamaterial structure has become a novel research hotspot and can be used to tackle great challenges. The multifunctional metamaterial structure that combines absorption, linear-to-circular (LTC) polarization conversion, filtering and switching functions into a single metamaterial device was designed and investigated in this study. The switching of different functions can be achieved based on the phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) and change of graphene chemical potential. When VO2 is in a metal state, the multi-frequency absorption and LTC polarization conversion can be achieved with different chemical potentials. When VO2 is in the insulator state and the polarization angle of incident wave is 45°, the device can be used to select or isolate the incident waves with different polarization states in the frequency region of 1.2-1.8 THz. Furthermore, when the chemical potentials are 0.05 eV and 1.2 eV, the corresponding transmissions of the TE-polarized wave demonstrate the opposite results, realizing the switching functions in the frequency region of 0.88-1.34 THz. In the frequency region above 2 THz, the multi-frequency rejection filter can be achieved. The designed switchable multifunctional metamaterial device can be widely implemented in radar monitoring and communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Cao
- Department of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- Department of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Matthew M. F. Yuen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dexian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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8
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Cao P, Li Y, Deng Y, Wu Y. Constant frequency reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on tunable electromagnetically induced transparency-like approach. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:405206. [PMID: 35772294 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7d60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A terahertz constant frequency reconfigurable metasurface based on tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like property was designed, whose transparency window frequency did not vary with Fermi energy. This structure was composed of two single-layer graphene resonators, namely, left double big rings and right double small rings. An evident transparency window (EIT-like phenomenon) was caused by the near-field coupling between bright modes of the two resonators in the transmission spectrum, in which amplitude over 80% was acquired at 1.98 THz. By individually reconfiguring the Fermi energy of each resonator, the EIT-like effects, transparency window amplitude, modulation speed and group delay could be actively controlled while the frequency of EIT-like window remained constant. Significantly, the transparency window was fully modulated without changing the frequency, and the maximum modulation depth reached 78%. Furthermore, the modulation speed also increased because the total graphene areaAwas effectively reduced in the proposed structure. Compared with other metasurface structures, the modulation properties of the proposed structure showed higher performance while the EIT-like window frequency remained static. This research provides an alternative method for developing constant frequency reconfigurable modulation terahertz devices (such as optical switches and modulators), as well as a potential approach for miniaturization of terahertz devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Deng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Wu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Lin H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Lin KT, Wen X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Lau AKT, Ma T, Qiu CW, Jia B. Engineering van der Waals Materials for Advanced Metaphotonics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15204-15355. [PMID: 35749269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding chemical and physical properties of 2D materials, together with their atomically thin nature, make them ideal candidates for metaphotonic device integration and construction, which requires deep subwavelength light-matter interaction to achieve optical functionalities beyond conventional optical phenomena observed in naturally available materials. In addition to their intrinsic properties, the possibility to further manipulate the properties of 2D materials via chemical or physical engineering dramatically enhances their capability, evoking new science on light-matter interaction, leading to leaped performance of existing functional devices and giving birth to new metaphotonic devices that were unattainable previously. Comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic properties of 2D materials, approaches and capabilities for chemical and physical engineering methods, the resulting property modifications and novel functionalities, and applications of metaphotonic devices are provided in this review. Through reviewing the detailed progress in each aspect and the state-of-the-art achievement, insightful analyses of the outstanding challenges and future directions are elucidated in this cross-disciplinary comprehensive review with the aim to provide an overall development picture in the field of 2D material metaphotonics and promote rapid progress in this fast emerging and prosperous field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yao Liang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Fu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Kin Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Feng QY, Yan DX, Li XJ, Li JN. Realization of absorption, filtering, and sensing in a single metamaterial structure combined with functional materials. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:4336-4343. [PMID: 36256270 DOI: 10.1364/ao.459406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid vanadium dioxide (VO2)-graphene-based bifunctional metamaterial is proposed. The realization of the different functions of perfect transmission and high absorption is based on the insulator-metal phase transition of VO2 material. The Fermi energy level of graphene can be treated to dynamically tune the absorption and transmission rates of the metamaterial structure. As a result, when VO2 is in the insulating state, the designed metamaterial can be used as a filter providing three adjustable passbands with center frequencies of 1.892 THz, 1.124 THz, and 0.94 THz, and the corresponding transmittances reach 93.11%, 98.62%, and 90.01%, respectively. The filter also shows good stopband characteristics and exhibits good sensing performance at the resonant frequencies of 1.992 THz and 2.276 THz. When VO2 is in metal state, the metamaterial structure acts as a double-band absorber, with three absorption peaks (>90%) in the range of 0.684 THz to 0.924 THz, 2.86 THz to 3.04 THz, and 3.28 THz to 3.372 THz, respectively. The designed structure is insensitive to the polarization of vertically incident terahertz waves and still maintains good absorption performances over a large range of incidence angles. Finally, the effects of geometric parameters on the absorption and transmission properties of the hybrid bifunctional metamaterials have also been discussed. The switchable metamaterial structures proposed in this paper provide great potential in terahertz application fields, such as filtering, smart sensing, switching, tunable absorbers, and so on.
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11
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Mao M, Wang J, Mu K, Fan C, Jia Y, Li R, Chen S, Liang E. Realizing PIT-like transparency via the coupling of plasmonic dipole and ENZ modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8474-8481. [PMID: 35299299 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon induced transparency (PIT), known as the coupling of plasmon modes in metamaterials, has attracted intensive research interests in photonic applications. In this work, a PIT-like transparency is realized via the strong coupling of plasmonic dipole and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode. Two types of metasurfaces, namely the gold nanoantenna and dolmen-like metasurface, are designed with an integrated ENZ material aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) film. Simulations with the finite element method (FEM) demonstrate that single and double transparent windows are achieved respectively. The adjustments of the peak position and transmittance of transparent windows via the structure parameters and the AZO film thickness are further investigated. This work provides an alternative coupling scheme of realizing PIT-like transparency with simple metasurface design, and offers great potential for future metamaterial applications.
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12
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Liu Y, Wang J, Yang D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Hassan F, Li Y, Zhang X, Xu J. Plasmon-induced transparency in a reconfigurable composite valley photonic crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4381-4391. [PMID: 35209676 DOI: 10.1364/oe.447946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new kind of reconfigurable topological valley photonic crystal (TVPC), and a novel topological waveguide can be formed by constructing a domain wall between two TVPCs with opposite valley-Chern indices. The topological waveguide mode in the composite TVPC has large group refractive index. A topologically protected coupled waveguide cavity system is then designed by introducing a hexagonal ring cavity at the center of the straight domain wall of a combined TVPC, in which a narrow plasmon induced transparency window rises at 3.8848 GHz with a Q-factor of 1387 and a maximum group refractive index as high as 186. We propose a notch filter with a resonant frequency of 3.8852 GHz and a very high Q-factor of 10224. By changing the refractive index of liquid crystals via an external voltage applied between two parallel metal plates, the filter can be switched between band-pass and band-stop based on the reconfigurable topological interface state.
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13
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Gevorgyan AH. Magnetically induced transparency in helically structured periodic crystals. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014701. [PMID: 35193277 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the specific properties of magnetically induced transparency (MIT) and magnetically induced absorption (MIA) in helically structured periodic crystals (HSPCs). We showed that for the wavelength of MIT we have an ideal optical diode: The forward signal passes fully, while the backward signal is completely absorbed and not reflected. A formula for the wavelength λ_{t} of MIT and MIA resonance based on the numerical simulations was analytically obtained. The influence of HSPC parameters on the wavelength λ_{t} and on Δλ_{t}, the transparency line half width, was investigated by numerical simulations. The specific properties of light energy density, the ellipticity e_{in}, and azimuth φ_{in} of the total wave excited in the HSPC layer for MIT and MIA modes were investigated, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Gevorgyan
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
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Full 360° Terahertz Dynamic Phase Modulation Based on Doubly Resonant Graphene-Metal Hybrid Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113157. [PMID: 34835921 PMCID: PMC8619402 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic phase modulation is vital for tuneable focusing, beaming, polarisation conversion and holography. However, it remains challenging to achieve full 360° dynamic phase modulation while maintaining high reflectance or transmittance based on metamaterials or metasurfaces in the terahertz regime. Here, we propose a doubly resonant graphene–metal hybrid metasurface to address this challenge. Simulation results show that by varying the graphene Fermi energy, the proposed metasurface with two shifting resonances is capable of providing dynamic phase modulation covering a range of 361° while maintaining relatively high reflectance above 20% at 1.05 THz. Based on the phase profile design, dynamically tuneable beam steering and focusing were numerically demonstrated. We expect that this work will advance the engineering of graphene metasurfaces for the dynamic manipulation of terahertz waves.
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Ai H, Kang Q, Wang W, Guo K, Guo Z. Multi-Beam Steering for 6G Communications Based on Graphene Metasurfaces. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21144784. [PMID: 34300521 PMCID: PMC8309866 DOI: 10.3390/s21144784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As communication technology is entering the 6G era, a great demand for high-performance devices operating in the terahertz (THz) band has emerged. As an important part of 6G technology, indoor communication requires multi-beam steering and tracking to serve multi-users. In this paper, we have designed a graphene metasurface that can realize multi-beam steering for directional radiations. The designed metasurface consists of graphene ribbons, dielectric spacer, and metal substrate. By designing the graphene ribbons and controlling the applied voltage on them, we have obtained single-, double-, and triple-beam steering. In addition, we have also numerically calculated the far-field distributions of the steered multi-beam with a diffraction distance of 2 m. Our design has potential applications in future indoor directional 6G communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Ai
- School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.A.); (Q.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Qianlong Kang
- School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.A.); (Q.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China;
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.A.); (Q.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.A.); (Q.K.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18655151981
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He Z, Lu H, Zhao J. Polarization independent and non-reciprocal absorption in multi-layer anisotropic black phosphorus metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:21336-21347. [PMID: 34265923 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The polarization independent and non-reciprocal absorption is particularly crucial for the realization of non-reciprocal absorption devices. Herein, we proposed and studied the absorption response of two- and three-layer anisotropic black phosphorus (BP) metamaterials by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and radiation oscillator theory (ROT) analysis. It is shown that, due to unequal surface plasmon resonant modes excited in zigzag (ZZ) and armchair (AC) directions of the anisotropic BP layer, tunable polarization independent and dependent absorption can be achieved for the proposed multi-layer anisotropic BP metamaterials with AC-AC, AC-ZZ, ZZ-AC, AC-AC-φ, AC-ZZ-φ, and ZZ-AC-φ configurations. Especially, the polarization independent absorption also can be realized for odd-layer BP nanostructures. Unlike previous reports, polarization independence only can be achieved in the even-layer BP nanostructure. Moreover, tunable non-reciprocal absorption with the extremely large non-reciprocal degree (NRD) is also found in the case of AC-ZZ and ZZ-AC configurations and AC-ZZ-φ and ZZ-AC-φ configurations. These results may open up the possibility of realizing tunable polarization independent and non-reciprocal plasmonic devices based on 2D materials.
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Yan D, Meng M, Li J, Li J, Li X. Vanadium dioxide-assisted broadband absorption and linear-to-circular polarization conversion based on a single metasurface design for the terahertz wave. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29843-29854. [PMID: 33114874 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrating tunable characteristics and multiple functions into a single metasurface has become a new scientific and technological undertaking that needs to deal with huge challenges, especially in the terahertz frequency region. The multifunctional design combining the broadband absorption and broadband polarization conversion using a single switchable metasurface is proposed in this paper. The switchable performance can be realized by treating the insulation to metal phase transition properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2). At high temperature (74 °C), the proposed metasurface can be used as a broadband absorber which consists of a VO2 square ring, polyimide (PI) spacer, and VO2 film. Simulated results show that the terahertz wave absorption can reach above 90% with the bandwidth ratio of 75% in the frequency range of 0.74 THz-1.62 THz. This absorber is insensitive to polarization resulted from the symmetry structure and also shows a good performance at large incident angles. Once the temperature is lower than the cooling phase transition temperature (about 62 °C) and VO2 is in insulation state, the metasurface can be transformed into a broadband linear-to-circular polarization converter. Numerical simulation depicts that the ellipticity reaches to -1 and the axis ratio is lower than 3 dB from 1.47 THz to 2.27 THz. The designed switchable metasurface provides the potential to be used in the fields of advanced research and intelligent applications in the terahertz frequency region.
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Xu H, He Z, Chen Z, Nie G, Li H. Optical Fermi level-tuned plasmonic coupling in a grating-assisted graphene nanoribbon system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:25767-25777. [PMID: 32906861 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel graphene-based grating-coupled metamaterial structure is proposed, and the optical response of this structure can be obviously controlled by the Fermi level, which is theoretically regulated by the electric field of an applied voltage. The upper graphene monolayer can be intensely excited with the aid of periodic grating and thus it can be considered a bright mode. Meanwhile, the lower graphene monolayer cannot be directly excited, but it could be indirectly activated by the help of bright mode. The plasmonic polaritons resulting from the light-graphene interaction resonance can lead to a destructive interference effect, leading to a plasmonic induced transparency. This structure has a simple construction and retains the integrity of graphene. In the meantime, it can achieve a good tuning effect by adjusting the voltage regulation of microstructure array and it can obtain an outstanding reflection efficiency. Thus, this graphene-based metamaterial structure with these properties is very suitable for the plasmonic optical reflector. In contacting with the characteristics of material, the group delay of this device can reach to 0.3ps, which can well match the slow light performance. Therefore, the device is expected to make some contribution in optical reflection and slow light devices.
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Liu Y, Xu X, Yang D, Zhang X, Ren M, Gong N, Cai W, Hassan F, Zhu Z, Drevenšek-Olenik I, Rupp RA, Xu J. Multifunctional and tunable trigate graphene metamaterial with "Lakes of Wada" topology. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24772-24788. [PMID: 32907010 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) metamaterials previously reported had limited functions. Their tunabilities were realized by complex discrete structures, which greatly increased the difficulty and cost of device fabrication and adversely affected their resonance characteristics. It is an open question to adjust the Fermi levels of many graphene patterns with only a few in-plane electrodes. We propose and numerically study a novel electrically tunable and multifunctional trigate graphene metamaterial (TGGM) based on the concept of "Lakes of Wada". Benefiting from the trigate regulation, our proposed TGGM turns out to exhibit excellent characteristics, that can not only be used for terahertz band-stop filter, terahertz refractive index sensor, near-field optical switch, slow-light device, but also for double PIT window metamaterial with broad transparency windows and large tunable frequency range.
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Yang Y, Li J, Li J, Huang J, Li Q, Zhang Y, Dai H, Yao J. Optical control of terahertz plasmon-induced transparency based on hybrid CsPbBr 3 quantum dot metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24047-24055. [PMID: 32752390 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating photosensitive material into structured metamaterials explores opportunities for dynamical operation across the terahertz functional devices, enabled by the efficient interaction between light and matter. In this work, the CsPbBr3 quantum dots are incorporated into the metasurfaces, realizing the active control of the plasmon-induced transparency. In the experiment, the normalized modulation depth of transparency effect is up to 74%. Rigorous numerical and theoretical simulations verify that the variation of dynamic physical process is associated with the charge storage capacity in the capacitive metasurface. An observed phase advance and group delay indicate the hybrid metasurface is useful for slow light application. In addition, the simple process provides a convenient way for the development of terahertz functional devices.
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Guan J, Xia S, Zhang Z, Wu J, Meng H, Yue J, Zhai X, Wang L, Wen S. Two Switchable Plasmonically Induced Transparency Effects in a System with Distinct Graphene Resonators. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:142. [PMID: 32621110 PMCID: PMC7347741 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
General plasmonic systems to realize plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) effect only exist one single PIT mainly because they only allow one single coupling pathway. In this study, we propose a distinct graphene resonator-based system, which is composed of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) coupled with dielectric grating-loaded graphene layer resonators, to achieve two switchable PIT effects. By designing crossed directions of the resonators, the proposed system exists two different PIT effects characterized by different resonant positions and linewidths. These two PIT effects result from two separate and polarization-selective coupling pathways, allowing us to switch the PIT from one to the other by simply changing the polarization direction. Parametric studies are carried to demonstrate the coupling effects whereas the two-particle model is applied to explain the physical mechanism, finding excellent agreements between the numerical and theoretical results. Our proposal can be used to design switchable PIT-based plasmonic devices, such as tunable dual-band sensors and perfect absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Guan
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shengxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Zeyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Haiyu Meng
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Yue
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shuangchun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Dai Z, Hu G, Ou Q, Zhang L, Xia F, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Qiu CW, Bao Q. Artificial Metaphotonics Born Naturally in Two Dimensions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6197-6246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Fengnian Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Francisco J. Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia−San Sebastian E-20018, Spain
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Ullah Z, Witjaksono G, Nawi I, Tansu N, Irfan Khattak M, Junaid M. A Review on the Development of Tunable Graphene Nanoantennas for Terahertz Optoelectronic and Plasmonic Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1401. [PMID: 32143388 PMCID: PMC7085581 DOI: 10.3390/s20051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional advancement has been made in the development of graphene optical nanoantennas. They are incorporated with optoelectronic devices for plasmonics application and have been an active research area across the globe. The interest in graphene plasmonic devices is driven by the different applications they have empowered, such as ultrafast nanodevices, photodetection, energy harvesting, biosensing, biomedical imaging and high-speed terahertz communications. In this article, the aim is to provide a detailed review of the essential explanation behind graphene nanoantennas experimental proofs for the developments of graphene-based plasmonics antennas, achieving enhanced light-matter interaction by exploiting graphene material conductivity and optical properties. First, the fundamental graphene nanoantennas and their tunable resonant behavior over THz frequencies are summarized. Furthermore, incorporating graphene-metal hybrid antennas with optoelectronic devices can prompt the acknowledgment of multi-platforms for photonics. More interestingly, various technical methods are critically studied for frequency tuning and active modulation of optical characteristics, through in situ modulations by applying an external electric field. Second, the various methods for radiation beam scanning and beam reconfigurability are discussed through reflectarray and leaky-wave graphene antennas. In particular, numerous graphene antenna photodetectors and graphene rectennas for energy harvesting are studied by giving a critical evaluation of antenna performances, enhanced photodetection, energy conversion efficiency and the significant problems that remain to be addressed. Finally, the potential developments in the synthesis of graphene material and technological methods involved in the fabrication of graphene-metal nanoantennas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaka Ullah
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Gunawan Witjaksono
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Illani Nawi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Nelson Tansu
- Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Muhammad Irfan Khattak
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Kohat campus, Kohat 26030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
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Xiao B, Zhang Y, Tong S, Yu J, Xiao L. Novel tunable graphene-encoded metasurfaces on an uneven substrate for beam-steering in far-field at the terahertz frequencies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:7125-7138. [PMID: 32225947 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel tunable graphene coding metasurface structure using a circular graphene patch on an uneven substrate. By changing the Fermi level of graphene or the thickness of the substrate, we can achieve obvious phase variation. Firstly, we put forward two construction methods of 1-bit coding metasurface based on this mechanism. The first method is to change the thickness of the substrate when the Fermi levels of the two-unit cells are the same, so that the two-unit cells exhibit different digital states of '0' and '1'. Furthermore, we change the working frequency band in real-time by switching the Fermi level from 0.05 eV to 0.85 eV. The second method is to change the Fermi level of graphene on the two-unit cells when the physical structure is fixed, so that the two-unit cells exhibit different digital states of '0' and '1'. In this case, we can achieve the regulation of the direction and number of far-field reflected waves in the frequency range of 2.65 THz ∼ 2.85THz. Then, to obtain a single beam of reflected waves deviating from the normal direction, we create a 2-bit method in combination with two 1-bit construction methods. At 1.9 THz, the four-cell structures have a phase difference of approximately 90° and the same reflection coefficient. We also set several coding modes to analyse the control of the reflected wave on the 2-bit coding metasurface. Finally, we realized the real-time regulation of the reflected wave in eight directions from 0° to 360° by controlling the Fermi level of the graphene. Therefore, this article proposes a potentially effective approach to the design of functional devices for beam splitting and beam deflection.
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Muhammad N, Ouyang Z. Plasmon-induced anti-transparency modes in metasurface. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yu A, Guo X, Zhu Y, Balakin AV, Shkurinov AP. Metal-graphene hybridized plasmon induced transparency in the terahertz frequencies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:34731-34741. [PMID: 31878657 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.034731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, metal-graphene hybridized plasmon induced transparency (PIT) is systematically studied in the proposed simple metal/dielectric/graphene system. The PIT effect is the result of the coupling between the bright dipolar modes excited in the graphene regions under the shorter metallic bars and the dark quadrupolar modes excited in the graphene regions under the longer metallic bars. The coupled Lorentz oscillator model is used to help explain the physical origin of the PIT effect. Other than being tuned by the distance and the lateral displacement of the orthogonal metallic bars, the coupling efficiency can be further enhanced by the in-phase coupling or quenched by the out-of-phase coupling between the adjacent unit cells. Reduced barrier thickness will result in the enhancement of the coupling strengths and the scaling down of the device. Finally, we show that the PIT window can be actively tuned by changing the Fermi energy of graphene. The proposed structure has potential applications in actively tunable THz modulators, sensors and filters.
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Luo J, Lin Q, Wang L, Xia S, Meng H, Zhai X. Ultrasensitive tunable terahertz sensor based on five-band perfect absorber with Dirac semimetal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20165-20176. [PMID: 31510116 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For non-invasive detection, terahertz (THz) sensing shows more promising performance compared to visible and infrared regions. But so far, figure of merit (FOM) of THz sensor has been exceeding low due to weak radiation and absorption loss. Here, we propose an easily implemented THz sensor based on bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS). The presented structure not only achieves narrowband absorption and dynamic tunability at five perfect absorption bands, but also exhibits excellent sensing performance with a FOM of 813. These fascinating properties can be explained by the combination of the classical magnetic resonance induced by the anti-parallel current, the electric resonance of adjacent unit cells resulting from the air slots at both ends of the absorber, and Mie resonance supported by coating, respectively. Our work can provide a new avenue for the design of multi-band photodetectors and sensors in the future.
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Fabrication of Graphene-Metal Transparent Conductive Nanocomposite Layers for Photoluminescence Enhancement. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061037. [PMID: 31212676 PMCID: PMC6630505 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis and characterization ofgraphene-metal nanocomposite, a transparent conductive layer, is examined. This transparent conductive layer is named graphene-Ag-graphene (GAG), which makes full use of the high electron mobility and high conductivity characteristics of graphene, while electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is induced by Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The nanocomposite preparation technique delivers three key parts including the transfer of the first layer graphene, spin coating of Ag NPs and transfer of the second layer of graphene. The GAG transparent conductive nanocomposite layer possess a sheet resistance of 16.3 ohm/sq and electron mobility of 14,729 cm2/(v s), which are superior to single-layer graphene or other transparent conductive layers. Moreover, the significant enhancement of photoluminescence can be ascribed to the coupling of the light emitters in multiple quantum wells with the surface plasmon Ag NPs and the EIT effect.
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Wang X, Meng H, Deng S, Lao C, Wei Z, Wang F, Tan C, Huang X. Hybrid Metal Graphene-Based Tunable Plasmon-Induced Transparency in Terahertz Metasurface. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E385. [PMID: 30845741 PMCID: PMC6474136 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we look at the work of a classical plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) based on metasurface, including a periodic lattice with a cut wire (CW) and a pair of symmetry split ring resonators (SSR). Destructive interference of the 'bright-dark' mode originated from the CW and a pair of SSRs and resulted in a pronounced transparency peak at 1.148 THz, with 85% spectral contrast ratio. In the simulation, the effects of the relative distance between the CW and the SSR pair resonator, as well as the vertical distance of the split gap, on the coupling strength of the PIT effect, have been investigated. Furthermore, we introduce a continuous graphene strip monolayer into the metamaterial and by manipulating the Fermi level of the graphene we see a complete modulation of the amplitude and line shape of the PIT transparency peak. The near-field couplings in the relative mode resonators are quantitatively understood by coupled harmonic oscillator model, which indicates that the modulation of the PIT effect result from the variation of the damping rate in the dark mode. The transmitted electric field distributions with polarization vector clearly confirmed this conclusion. Finally, a group delay t g of 5.4 ps within the transparency window is achieved. We believe that this design has practical applications in terahertz (THz) functional devices and slow light devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongyun Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shuying Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chaode Lao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongchao Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Faqiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chunhua Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xuguang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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30
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Zhang B, Li H, Xu H, Zhao M, Xiong C, Liu C, Wu K. Absorption and slow-light analysis based on tunable plasmon-induced transparency in patterned graphene metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:3598-3608. [PMID: 30732376 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.003598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel simple patterned monolayer graphene metamaterial structure based on tunable terahertz plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). Destructive interference in this structure causes pronounced PIT phenomenon, and the PIT response can be dynamically controlled by voltage since the existence of continuous graphene bands in the structural design. The theoretical transmission of this structure is calculated by coupled mode theory (CMT), and the results are highly consistent with the simulation curve. After that, the influence of the graphene mobility on the PIT response and absorption characteristics is researched. It is found that the absorption efficiency of our designed structure can reach up to 50%, meaning the structure is competent to prominent terahertz absorber. Moreover, the slow-light performance of this structure is discussed via analyzing the group refractive index and phase shift. It shows that the structure possesses a broad group refractive index band with ultra-high value, and the value is up to 382. This work will diversify the designs for versatile tunable terahertz devices and micro-nano slow-light devices.
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31
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Xu J, Fan Y, Yang R, Fu Q, Zhang F. Realization of switchable EIT metamaterial by exploiting fluidity of liquid metal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2837-2843. [PMID: 30732315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel manipulation techniques for the propagation of electromagnetic waves based on metamaterials can only be performed in narrow operating bands, and this drawback is a major challenge for developing metamaterial-based practical applications. We demonstrate that the scattering of metamaterials can be switched and that their operating band can be tuned by introducing liquid metal in the design of functional metamaterials. The proposed liquid metal-based metamaterial is composed of a copper wire pair and a tiny pipe filled with a liquid metal, namely eutectic gallium-indium. The interference of the sharp magnetic resonance of the copper wire pair and the broad dipolar mode of the liquid metal rod lead to an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectrum. We experimentally demonstrate that this EIT-like behavior can be switched on or off by exploiting the fluidity of the liquid metal, which is useful for multi-frequency modulators. These findings will hopefully promote the development of fluid matter-based metamaterials for extending the operating band of novel electromagnetic functions.
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32
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Ling Y, Huang L, Hong W, Liu T, Luan J, Liu W, Lai J, Li H. Polarization-controlled dynamically switchable plasmon-induced transparency in plasmonic metamaterial. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19517-19523. [PMID: 30320322 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical manipulation of plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in metamaterials promises numerous potential applications; however, previously reported approaches require complex metamaterial structures or an external stimulus, and dynamic control is limited to a single PIT transparency window. We propose here a metamaterial with a simple structure to realize a dynamically controllable PIT effect. Simply by changing the polarization direction of incident light, the number of PIT transparency windows can be increased from 1 to 2, accompanied by a tunable amplitude and a switchable resonance-wavelength. Moreover, a coupled three-level plasmonic system is employed to explain the underlying mechanism and near-field coupling between the horizontal and vertical gold bars, and the analytical results show good consistency with the numerical calculations. This work provides a simple approach for designing compact and tunable PIT devices and has potential applications in selective filtering, plasmonic switching and optical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Ling
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430074, China.
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33
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Cao T, Wei CW, Cen MJ, Guo B, Kim YJ, Zhang S, Qiu CW. A reprogrammable multifunctional chalcogenide guided-wave lens. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17053-17059. [PMID: 29869667 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02100g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transformation optics (TO) technique, which establishes an equivalence between a curved space and a spatial distribution of inhomogeneous constitutive parameters, has enabled an extraordinary paradigm for manipulating wave propagation. However, extreme constitutive parameters, as well as a static nature, inherently limit the simultaneous achievement of broadband performance, ultrafast reconfigurability and versatile reprogrammable functions. Here, we integrate the TO technique with an active phase-change chalcogenide to achieve a reconfigurable multi-mode guided-wave lens. The lens is made of a Rinehart-shaped curved waveguide with an effective refractive index gradient profile through partially crystallizing Ge2Sb2Te5. Upon changing the bias time of the external voltage imparted to the Ge2Sb2Te5 segments, the refractive index gradient profile can be tuned with a transformative platform for various functions for visible light. The electrically reprogrammable multi-mode guided-wave lens is capable of dynamically acquiring various functionalities with an ultrafast response time. Our findings may offer a significant step forward by providing a universal method to obtain ultrafast and highly versatile guided-wave manipulation, such as in Einstein rings, cloaking, Maxwell fish-eye lenses and Luneburg lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, China.
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34
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Guo X, Hu H, Liao B, Zhu X, Yang X, Dai Q. Perfect-absorption graphene metamaterials for surface-enhanced molecular fingerprint spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:184004. [PMID: 29457777 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene plasmon with extremely strong light confinement and tunable resonance frequency represents a promising surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) sensing platform. However, plasmonic absorption is relatively weak (approximately 1%-9%) in monolayer graphene nanostructures, which would limit its sensitivity. Here, we theoretically propose a hybrid plasmon-metamaterial structure that can realize perfect absorption in graphene with a low carrier mobility of 1000 cm2 V-1 s-1. This structure combines a gold reflector and a gold grating to the graphene plasmon structures, which introduce interference effect and the lightning-rod effect, respectively, and largely enhance the coupling of light to graphene. The vibration signal of trace molecules can be enhanced up to 2000-fold at the hotspot of the perfect-absorption structure, enabling the SEIRA sensing to reach the molecular level. This hybrid metal-graphene structure provides a novel path to generate high sensitivity in nanoscale molecular recognition for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China. State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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35
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Xu H, Zhao M, Xiong C, Zhang B, Zheng M, Zeng J, Xia H, Li H. Dual plasmonically tunable slow light based on plasmon-induced transparency in planar graphene ribbon metamaterials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25959-25966. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04484h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We can achieve a very obvious dual plasmon induced transparency effect and obtain a good slow light property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Mingzhuo Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Cuixiu Xiong
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Baihui Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Mingfei Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Jianping Zeng
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Hongjian Li
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
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36
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Jiang X, Wang T, Xiao S, Yan X, Cheng L. Tunable ultra-high-efficiency light absorption of monolayer graphene using critical coupling with guided resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:27028-27036. [PMID: 29092184 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.027028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We numerically demonstrate a novel monolayer graphene-based perfect absorption multi-layer photonic structure by the mechanism of critical coupling with guided resonance, in which the absorption of graphene can significantly reach 99% at telecommunication wavelengths. The highly efficient absorption and spectral selectivity can be obtained with designing structural parameters in the near-infrared region. Compared to previous works, we achieve the complete absorption of single-atomic-layer graphene in the perfect absorber with a lossless dielectric Bragg mirror, which not only opens up new methods of enhancing the light-graphene interaction, but also makes for practical applications in high-performance optoelectronic devices, such as modulators and sensors.
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37
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Guo X, Hu H, Zhu X, Yang X, Dai Q. Higher order Fano graphene metamaterials for nanoscale optical sensing. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14998-15004. [PMID: 28956583 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic Fano metamaterials provide a unique platform for optical sensing applications due to their sharp spectral response and the ability to confine light to nanoscale regions that make them a strong prospect for refractive-index sensing. Higher order Fano resonance modes in noble metal plasmonic structures can further improve the sensitivity, but their applications are heavily limited by crosstalk between different modes due to the large damping rates and broadband spectral responses of the metal plasmon modes. Here, we create pure higher order Fano modes by designing asymmetric metamaterials comprised of a split-ring resonator and disk with a low-loss graphene plasmon. These higher order modes are highly sensitive to the nanoscale analyte (8 nm thick) both in refractive-index and in infrared vibrational fingerprint sensing, as demonstrated by the numerical calculation. The frequency sensitivity and figure-of-merit of the hexacontatetrapolar mode can reach 289 cm-1 per RIU and 29, respectively, and it can probe the weak infrared vibrational modes of the analyte with more than 400 times enhancement. The enhanced sensitivity and tunability of higher order Fano graphene metamaterials promise a high-performance nanoscale optical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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38
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Cheng C, Fan R, Ren Y, Ding T, Qian L, Guo J, Li X, An L, Lei Y, Yin Y, Guo Z. Radio frequency negative permittivity in random carbon nanotubes/alumina nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5779-5787. [PMID: 28440825 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While metal is the most common conductive constituent element in the preparation of metamaterials, one-dimensional conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide alternative building blocks. Here alumina (Al2O3) nanocomposites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) uniformly dispersed in the alumina matrix were prepared by hot-pressing sintering. As the MWCNT content increased, the formed conductive MWCNT networks led to the occurrence of the percolation phenomenon and a change of the conductive mechanism. Two different types of negative permittivity (i.e., resonance-induced and plasma-like) were observed in the composites. The resonance-induced negative permittivity behavior in the composite with a low nanotube content was ascribed to the induced electric dipole generated from the isolated MWCNTs. The frequency dispersions of such negative permittivity can be fitted well by the Lorentz model, while the observed plasma-like negative permittivity behavior in the composites with MWCNT content exceeding the percolation threshold could be well explained by the low frequency plasmonic state generated from conductive nanotube networks using the Drude model. This work is favorable to revealing the generation mechanism of negative permittivity behavior and will greatly facilitate the practical applications of metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbing Cheng
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China.
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39
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Sun C, Dong Z, Si J, Deng X. Independently tunable dual-band plasmonically induced transparency based on hybrid metal-graphene metamaterials at mid-infrared frequencies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:1242-1250. [PMID: 28158008 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A tunable dual-band plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) device based on hybrid metal-graphene nanostructures is proposed theoretically and numerically at mid-infrared frequencies, which is composed of two kinds of gold dolmen-like structures with different sizes placed on separate graphene interdigitated finger sets respectively. The coupled Lorentz oscillator model is used to explain the physical mechanism of the PIT effect at multiple frequency domains. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions are employed to simulate the characteristics of the hybrid metal-graphene dual-band PIT device. The simulated spectral locations of multiple transparency peaks are separately and dynamically modulated by varying the Fermi energy of corresponding graphene finger set, which is in good accordance with the theoretical analysis. Distinguished from the conventional metallic PIT devices, multiple PIT resonances in the hybrid metal-graphene PIT device are independently modulated by electrostatically changing bias voltages applied on corresponding graphene fingers, which can be widely applied in optical information processing as tunable sensors, switches, and filters.
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40
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He X, Huang Y, Yang X, Zhu L, Wu F, Jiang J. Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency based on terahertz graphene metamaterial. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06770d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The terahertz EIT graphene metamaterial, consisting of two coupled split ring resonators placed in orthogonally twisted fashion, was proposed by patterning graphene. An actively controlled EIT peak can be obtained by changing relaxation time or Fermi energy of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunjun He
- School of Applied Sciences
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
- Department of Physics
| | - Yiming Huang
- School of Applied Sciences
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- School of Applied Sciences
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Communication and Electronics Engineering Institute
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- China
| | - Fengmin Wu
- School of Applied Sciences
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Jiuxing Jiang
- School of Applied Sciences
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
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41
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Zhao X, Zhu L, Yuan C, Yao J. Tunable plasmon-induced transparency in a grating-coupled double-layer graphene hybrid system at far-infrared frequencies. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:5470-5473. [PMID: 27906215 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A grating-coupled double-layer graphene hybrid system is proposed to investigate the plasmon-induced transparency effect at far-infrared frequencies. Based on the guided mode resonance principle, a diffractive grating is used to couple the normally incident waves and excite the plasmonic resonances on two graphene films separated by a spacer, thereby avoiding the need for patterning graphene. It is found that the origin of the observed transparency window transforms from Autler-Townes splitting to electromagnetically induced transparency with the increase of the separation distance between the two graphene films. The tunability of this hybrid system is also investigated via varying the Fermi energy in graphene. The proposed hybrid system has potential applications in tunable switches, sensors, and slow light devices and may open up new avenues for constructing easy-to-fabricate graphene-based plasmonic devices.
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42
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Li Q, Cong L, Singh R, Xu N, Cao W, Zhang X, Tian Z, Du L, Han J, Zhang W. Monolayer graphene sensing enabled by the strong Fano-resonant metasurface. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17278-17284. [PMID: 27714077 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in graphene photonics reveal promising applications in the technologically important terahertz spectrum, where graphene-based active terahertz metamaterial modulators have been experimentally demonstrated. However, the sensitivity of the atomically thin graphene monolayer towards sharp Fano resonant terahertz metasurfaces remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate thin-film sensing of the graphene monolayer with a high quality factor terahertz Fano resonance in metasurfaces consisting of a two-dimensional array of asymmetric resonators. A drastic change in the transmission amplitude of the Fano resonance was observed due to strong interactions between the monolayer graphene and the tightly confined electric fields in the capacitive gaps of the Fano resonator. The deep-subwavelength sensing of the atomically thin monolayer graphene further highlights the extreme sensitivity of the resonant electric field excited at the dark Fano resonance, allowing the detection of an analyte that is λ/1 000 000 thinner than the free space wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China. and School of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Longqing Cong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link 637371, Singapore.
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link 637371, Singapore.
| | - Ningning Xu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhen Tian
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Liangliang Du
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China. and College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Weili Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China. and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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