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Manda JN, Butler BB, Aponick A. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Southern Hemisphere of Spirastrellolide A and Analogues. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13694-13709. [PMID: 33111529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of truncated spirastrellolide A analogues comprised of the southern hemisphere against protein phosphatase 2A are described. A convergent synthesis was designed featuring two gold-catalyzed cyclization reactions, specifically, a dehydrative cyclization of monoallylic diols for the synthesis of the tetrahydropyran (A-ring) and a regioselective spiroketalization for the efficient generation of the [6,6]-spiroketal (B, C-ring system). The synthesis of the southern hemisphere of spirastrellolide A was achieved involving the longest linear sequence of 19 steps. A total of eight spirastrellolide A analogues were synthesized, and preliminary PP2A enzyme assay inhibition studies were performed for the first time on analogues of the southern hemisphere. Several analogues showed inhibition, which is a positive indication and perhaps suggests that the unsaturated spiroketal fragment might be crucial to induce PP2A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Nagendra Manda
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Barry B Butler
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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2
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Computational basis for the design of PLK-2 inhibitors. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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3
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Abbasov ME, Alvariño R, Chaheine CM, Alonso E, Sánchez JA, Conner ML, Alfonso A, Jaspars M, Botana LM, Romo D. Simplified immunosuppressive and neuroprotective agents based on gracilin A. Nat Chem 2019; 11:342-350. [PMID: 30903037 PMCID: PMC6532426 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The architecture and bioactivity of natural products frequently serve as embarkation points for the exploration of biologically relevant chemical space. Total synthesis followed by derivative synthesis has historically enabled a deeper understanding of structure-activity relationships. However, synthetic strategies towards a natural product are not always guided by hypotheses regarding the structural features required for bioactivity. Here, we report an approach to natural product total synthesis that we term 'pharmacophore-directed retrosynthesis'. A hypothesized, pharmacophore of a natural product is selected as an early synthetic target and this dictates the retrosynthetic analysis. In an ideal application, sequential increases in the structural complexity of this minimal structure enable development of a structure-activity relationship profile throughout the course of the total synthesis effort. This approach enables the identification of simpler congeners retaining bioactivity at a much earlier stage of a synthetic effort, as demonstrated here for the spongiane diterpenoid, gracilin A, leading to simplified derivatives with potent neuroprotective and immunosuppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikail E Abbasov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jon A Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Michael L Conner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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4
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Qiao L, Duan Z, Chen Y, Luan Y, Gu Q, Liu YK, Li D. Aspergiolides A and B: Core Structural Establishment and Synthesis of Structural Analogues. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4451-4457. [PMID: 30865441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The core structure of marine natural products aspergiolides A (1a) and B (1b) was achieved via a concise, two-step procedure with satisfactory yield. Based on this protocol, a natural products mimic library containing 25 structural simplified analogues of 1a was then constructed. Several prepared analogues showed potential cytotoxic activity against five different tumor cell lines, and compound 7bb, in particular, exhibited cytotoxicity comparable to that of 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P.R. China
| | - Yinghan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P.R. China
| | - Yepeng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P.R. China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P.R. China
| | - Yan-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P.R. China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P.R. China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P.R. China
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5
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Olotu FA, Munsamy G, Soliman MES. Does Size Really Matter? Probing the Efficacy of Structural Reduction in the Optimization of Bioderived Compounds - A Computational "Proof-of-Concept". Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:573-586. [PMID: 30546858 PMCID: PMC6280605 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, numerous synthetic approaches have been utilized in drug design to improve the pharmacological properties of naturally derived compounds and most importantly, minimize toxic effects associated with their transition to drugs. The reduction of complex bioderived compounds to simpler bioactive fragments has been identified as a viable strategy to develop lead compounds with improved activities and minimal toxicities. Although this ‘reductive’ strategy has been widely exemplified, underlying biological events remain unresolved, hence the unanswered question remains how does the fragmentation of a natural compound improve its bioactivity and reduce toxicities? Herein, using a combinatorial approach, we initialize a computational “proof-of- concept” to expound the differential pharmacological and antagonistic activities of a natural compound, Anguinomycin D, and its synthetic fragment, SB640 towards Exportin Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 (CRM1). Interestingly, our findings revealed that in comparison with the parent compound, SB640 exhibited improved pharmacological attributes, while toxicities and off-target activities were relatively minimal. Moreover, we observed that the reduced size of SB640 allowed ‘deep access’ at the Nuclear Export Signals (NES) binding groove of CRM1, which favored optimal and proximal positioning towards crucial residues while the presence of the long polyketide tail in Anguinomycin D constrained its burial at the hydrophobic groove. Furthermore, with regards to their antagonistic functions, structural inactivation (rigidity) was more pronounced in CRM1 when bound by SB640 as compared to Anguinomycin D. These findings provide essential insights that portray synthetic fragmentation of natural compounds as a feasible approach towards the discovery of potential leads in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Geraldene Munsamy
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
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6
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Lee YC, Kumar K, Waldmann H. Ligandengesteuerte divergente Synthese von carbo- und heterocyclischen Ringsystemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Lee
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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7
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Lee YC, Kumar K, Waldmann H. Ligand-Directed Divergent Synthesis of Carbo- and Heterocyclic Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5212-5226. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Lee
- Max-Planck Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn Str. 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Max-Planck Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn Str. 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn Str. 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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9
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Wilkerson-Hill SM, Sawano S, Sarpong R. Bis(1-cyanovinyl acetate) Is a Linear Precursor to 3-Oxidopyrylium Ions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11132-11144. [PMID: 27740750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the first approach to 3-oxidopyrylium ions from a linear precursor. Heating bis(1-cyanovinyl acetate) in the presence of a trace amount of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate results in a series of acyl group transfers and an intramolecular cyclization event to form a 3-oxidopyrylium ion that can be trapped by reaction with several dipolarophiles. When treated with dienes, the result is a sequential [5 + 2]/[4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction that provides sp3-rich products of high molecular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shota Sawano
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Microbial and Natural Metabolites That Inhibit Splicing: A Powerful Alternative for Cancer Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3681094. [PMID: 27610372 PMCID: PMC5004037 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3681094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, genes are frequently interrupted with noncoding sequences named introns. Alternative splicing is a nuclear mechanism by which these introns are removed and flanking coding regions named exons are joined together to generate a message that will be translated in the cytoplasm. This mechanism is catalyzed by a complex machinery known as the spliceosome, which is conformed by more than 300 proteins and ribonucleoproteins that activate and regulate the precision of gene expression when assembled. It has been proposed that several genetic diseases are related to defects in the splicing process, including cancer. For this reason, natural products that show the ability to regulate splicing have attracted enormous attention due to its potential use for cancer treatment. Some microbial metabolites have shown the ability to inhibit gene splicing and the molecular mechanism responsible for this inhibition is being studied for future applications. Here, we summarize the main types of natural products that have been characterized as splicing inhibitors, the recent advances regarding molecular and cellular effects related to these molecules, and the applications reported so far in cancer therapeutics.
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11
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Moloney MG. Natural Products as a Source for Novel Antibiotics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:689-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs from 1981 to 2014. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:629-61. [PMID: 26852623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3696] [Impact Index Per Article: 462.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is a completely updated and expanded version of the four prior analogous reviews that were published in this journal in 1997, 2003, 2007, and 2012. In the case of all approved therapeutic agents, the time frame has been extended to cover the 34 years from January 1, 1981, to December 31, 2014, for all diseases worldwide, and from 1950 (earliest so far identified) to December 2014 for all approved antitumor drugs worldwide. As mentioned in the 2012 review, we have continued to utilize our secondary subdivision of a "natural product mimic", or "NM", to join the original primary divisions and the designation "natural product botanical", or "NB", to cover those botanical "defined mixtures" now recognized as drug entities by the U.S. FDA (and similar organizations). From the data presented in this review, the utilization of natural products and/or their novel structures, in order to discover and develop the final drug entity, is still alive and well. For example, in the area of cancer, over the time frame from around the 1940s to the end of 2014, of the 175 small molecules approved, 131, or 75%, are other than "S" (synthetic), with 85, or 49%, actually being either natural products or directly derived therefrom. In other areas, the influence of natural product structures is quite marked, with, as expected from prior information, the anti-infective area being dependent on natural products and their structures. We wish to draw the attention of readers to the rapidly evolving recognition that a significant number of natural product drugs/leads are actually produced by microbes and/or microbial interactions with the "host from whence it was isolated", and therefore it is considered that this area of natural product research should be expanded significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Newman
- NIH Special Volunteer, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, United States
| | - Gordon M Cragg
- NIH Special Volunteer, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
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13
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Crane EA, Gademann K. Synthetisch gewonnene Naturstofffragmente in der Wirkstoffentwicklung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika A. Crane
- Departement Chemie; Universität Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Karl Gademann
- Departement Chemie; Universität Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel Schweiz
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich Schweiz
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Crane EA, Gademann K. Capturing Biological Activity in Natural Product Fragments by Chemical Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3882-902. [PMID: 26833854 PMCID: PMC4797711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have had an immense influence on science and have directly led to the introduction of many drugs. Organic chemistry, and its unique ability to tailor natural products through synthesis, provides an extraordinary approach to unlock the full potential of natural products. In this Review, an approach based on natural product derived fragments is presented that can successfully address some of the current challenges in drug discovery. These fragments often display significantly reduced molecular weights, reduced structural complexity, a reduced number of synthetic steps, while retaining or even improving key biological parameters such as potency or selectivity. Examples from various stages of the drug development process up to the clinic are presented. In addition, this process can be leveraged by recent developments such as genome mining, antibody–drug conjugates, and computational approaches. All these concepts have the potential to identify the next generation of drug candidates inspired by natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A Crane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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