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Sponza AD, Liu D, Chen EP, Shaw A, Diawara L, Chiu M. Synthesis strategies for non-symmetric, photochromic diarylethenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7238-7252. [PMID: 32926036 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethenes (DAEs) represent an important class of photochromes with notable characteristics, like thermally irreversible photoisomerization and high fatigue resistance. Structural diversification of the DAE scaffold has enabled further refinement of photochromic properties and realization of new applications, ranging from advanced materials to tools for studying biological systems. In particular, methods for synthesizing non-symmetric DAE scaffolds, which are typically more challenging to synthesize than their symmetric counterparts, have grown over the past 20 years. These developments are surveyed in this review, with discussion of how access to these compounds has contributed to the improvement of photochromic properties and paved the way for exploring new applications of DAEs. First, non-symmetric DAE structures are classified and their uses and applications are overviewed. Subsequent sections discuss the main strategies that have been used to access non-symmetric DAEs with examples illustrating the impact of non-symmetric DAEs in the growing field of light-controlled molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro D Sponza
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Emily P Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Allison Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Lassana Diawara
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Baggi G, Casimiro L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A, Loeb SJ. Threading-gated photochromism in [2]pseudorotaxanes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5104-5113. [PMID: 31183062 PMCID: PMC6524668 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigid, Y-shaped imidazole compounds containing the bis(thienyl)ethene moiety were designed and synthesized. The 4,5-bis(benzothienyl)-2-phenylimidazolium cations were then used as axles for [2]pseudorotaxane formation with 24-membered crown ether wheels. It was demonstrated using 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies that this host-guest interaction results in significant changes in the photochromic properties of the imidazolium axles. This is a rare example of gated photochromism, which exploits the recognition event of an interpenetrated molecular system to tune the photochromic properties in one of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy .
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , 40127 Bologna , Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy .
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , 40127 Bologna , Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada .
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Han X, Liu G, Liu SH, Yin J. Synthesis of rotaxanes and catenanes using an imine clipping reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10331-10351. [PMID: 27714207 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly provide a valuable chance to understand the complicated topological structures on a molecular level. Two types of classical mechanically interlocked molecules, rotaxanes and catenanes, possess non-covalent mechanical bonds and have attracted more attention not only in supramolecular chemistry but also in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology and bioscience. In the past decades, the template-directed clipping reaction based on imine chemistry has become one of the most efficient methods for the construction of functionalized rotaxanes and catenanes. In this review, we outlined the main progress of rotaxanes and catenanes using the template-directed clipping approach of imine chemistry. The review contains the novel topological structures of rotaxanes and catenanes, functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Guotao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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Han X, Li Z, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Liu SH, Yin J. Construction of Crown Ether-Stoppering [3]Rotaxanes Based on N
-Hetero Crown Ether Host. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University; Luoyang Henan 471022 China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430081 China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
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Han X, Cao M, Xu Z, Wu D, Chen Z, Wu A, Liu SH, Yin J. Aggregation-induced emission behavior of a pH-controlled molecular shuttle based on a tetraphenylethene moiety. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9767-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01393c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A TPE-based molecular shuttle having amide and amine units has been synthesized. The shuttling motion of the macrocycle component can adjust its AIE behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Meijiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Anxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
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