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Webster CS, Balduzzi F, Davis AP. Tricyclic octaurea "Temples" for the recognition of polar molecules in water. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:525-532. [PMID: 36533594 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two water-soluble tricyclic "Temple" macrocycles featuring pyrene roof/floor units and bis-urea spacers have been synthesised and studied as receptors for aromatic compounds in aqueous media. The tricycles show good selectivity for methylated purine alkaloids such as caffeine versus unsubstituted heterocycles such as adenine and indole. Binding is signalled by major changes in fluorescence, apparently due to the break-up of intramolecular excimers. The formation of excimers implies cavity collapse in the absence of guests explaining why, unlike an earlier relative, these receptors do not bind carbohydrates. Naphthalenediimides (NDIs) have also been studied as geometrically complementary guests, and indeed bind especially strongly (Ka > 107 M-1); this powerful and selective association suggests potential applications in supramolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Webster
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Federica Balduzzi
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Anthony P Davis
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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Davis AB, Ihde MH, Busenlehner AM, Davis DL, Mia R, Panella J, Fronczek FR, Bonizzoni M, Wallace KJ. Structural Features of a Family of Coumarin-Enamine Fluorescent Chemodosimeters for Ion Pairs. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14238-14252. [PMID: 34470218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of coumarin-enamine chemodosimeters is evaluated for their potential use as fluorescent molecular probes for multiple analytes [cadmium(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), iron(II), nickel(II), lead(II), and zinc(II)], as their chloride and acetate salts. These fluorophores displayed excellent optical spectroscopic modulation when exposed to ion pairs with different Lewis acidic and basic properties in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The chemodosimeters were designed to undergo excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), which leads to significant Stokes shifts (ca. 225 nm) and lower-energy fluorescence emission (ca. 575 nm). A more basic anion, e.g., acetate, inhibited the ESIPT mechanism by deprotonation of the enol, producing a binding pocket (N^O- chelate) that can coordinate to an appropriate metal ion. Coordination of the metal ions enhances the fluorescent intensity via the chelation-enhanced fluorescence emission mechanism. Subjecting the spectroscopic data to linear discriminant analysis provided insights into the source of these systems' markedly different behavior toward ion pairs, despite the subtle structural differences in the organic framework. These compounds are examples of versatile, low-molecular-weight, dual-channel fluorescent sensors for ion-pair recognition. This study paves the way for using these probes as practical components of a sensing array for different metal ions and their respective anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
| | - Michael H Ihde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Alie M Busenlehner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Dana L Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
| | - Rashid Mia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
| | - Jessica Panella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States.,Alabama Water Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0206, United States
| | - Karl J Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
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One-step synthesis of acriflavine-based carbon dots for adenine detection and a theoretical study on the detection mechanism. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zeininger L, Weyandt E, Savagatrup S, Harvey KS, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Swager TM. Waveguide-based chemo- and biosensors: complex emulsions for the detection of caffeine and proteins. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1327-1331. [PMID: 30896702 PMCID: PMC6482465 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new modular sensing approach in which complex emulsions serve as efficient transducers in optical evanescent field-based sensing devices. Specifically, we leverage the tunable refractive index upon chemically triggered changes in droplet morphology or orientation. Variations in the optical coupling result in readily detectable changes in the light transmitted from a waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zeininger
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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