1
|
Nascimento IJDS, Cavalcanti MDAT, de Moura RO. Exploring N-myristoyltransferase as a promising drug target against parasitic neglected tropical diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115550. [PMID: 37336067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitute a group of approximately 20 infectious diseases that mainly affect the impoverished population without basic sanitation in tropical countries. These diseases are responsible for many deaths worldwide, costing billions of dollars in public health investment to treat and control these infections. Among them are the diseases caused by protozoa of the Trypanosomatid family, which constitute Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness), and Leishmaniasis. In addition, there is a classification of other diseases, called the big three, AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, which are endemic in countries with tropical conditions. Despite the high mortality rates, there is still a gap in the treatment. The drugs have a high incidence of side effects and protozoan resistance, justifying the investment in developing new alternatives. In fact, the Target-Based Drug Design (TBDD) approach is responsible for identifying several promising compounds, and among the targets explored through this approach, N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) stands out. It is an enzyme related to the co-translational myristoylation of N-terminal glycine in various peptides. The myristoylation process is a co-translation that occurs after removing the initiator methionine. This process regulates the assembly of protein complexes and stability, which justifies its potential as a drug target. In order to propose NMT as a potential target for parasitic diseases, this review will address the entire structure and function of this enzyme and the primary studies demonstrating its promising potential against Leishmaniasis, T. cruzi, T. brucei, and malaria. We hope our information can help researchers worldwide search for potential drugs against these diseases that have been threatening the health of the world's population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil; Cesmac University Center, Pharmacy Departament, Maceió, Brazil; Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil.
| | - Misael de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil; Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil; Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng YN, Zheng H, Li T, Wei WT. Recent Advances in Copper-Catalyzed C-N Bond Formation Involving N-Centered Radicals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5340-5358. [PMID: 34750973 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C-N bonds are pervasive throughout organic-based materials, natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and agricultural chemicals. Considering the widespread importance of C-N bonds, the development of greener and more convenient ways to form C-N bonds, especially in late-stage synthesis, has become one of the hottest research goals in synthetic chemistry. Copper-catalyzed radical reactions involving N-centered radicals have emerged as a sustainable and promising approach to build C-N bonds. As a chemically popular and diverse radical species, N-centered radicals have been used for all kinds of reactions for C-N bond formation by taking advantage of their inherently incredible reactive flexibility. Copper is also the most abundant and economic catalyst with the most relevant activity for facilitating the synthesis of valuable compounds. Therefore, the aim of the present Review was to illustrate recent and significant advances in C-N bond formation methods and to understand the unique advantages of copper catalysis in the generation of N-centered radicals since 2016. To provide an ease of understanding for the readers, this Review was organized based on the types of nitrogen sources (amines, amides, sulfonamides, oximes, hydrazones, azides, and tert-butyl nitrite).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Zheng
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Wu W, Li Q, Wei W. Visible‐Light Induced C(
sp
3
)−H Functionalization for the Formation of C−N Bonds under Metal Catalyst‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Yang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringGuiyang University Guiyang 550005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringGuiyang University Guiyang 550005 People's Republic of China
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation ScienceSchool of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song S, Meng Y, Li Q, Wei W. Recent Progress in the Construction of C−N Bonds
via
Metal‐Free Radical C(
sp
3
)−H Functionalization. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Zhe Song
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Ya‐Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brown DP, Saklani P, Luo J. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sulfonamide-β-Lactam Conjugates. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
| | - Pooja Saklani
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Targeted Phenotypic Screening in Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii Reveals Novel Modes of Action of Medicines for Malaria Venture Malaria Box Molecules. mSphere 2018; 3:mSphere00534-17. [PMID: 29359192 PMCID: PMC5770543 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00534-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Malaria Box collection includes 400 chemically diverse small molecules with documented potency against malaria parasite growth, but the underlying modes of action are largely unknown. Using complementary phenotypic screens against Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii, we report phenotype-specific hits based on inhibition of overall parasite growth, apicoplast segregation, and egress or host invasion, providing hitherto unavailable insights into the possible mechanisms affected. First, the Malaria Box library was screened against tachyzoite stage T. gondii and the half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of molecules showing ≥80% growth inhibition at 10 µM were determined. Comparison of the EC50s for T. gondii and P. falciparum identified a subset of 24 molecules with nanomolar potency against both parasites. Thirty molecules that failed to induce acute growth inhibition in T. gondii tachyzoites in a 2-day assay caused delayed parasite death upon extended exposure, with at least three molecules interfering with apicoplast segregation during daughter cell formation. Using flow cytometry and microscopy-based examinations, we prioritized 26 molecules with the potential to inhibit host cell egress/invasion during asexual developmental stages of P. falciparum. None of the inhibitors affected digestive vacuole integrity, ruling out a mechanism mediated by broadly specific protease inhibitor activity. Interestingly, five of the plasmodial egress inhibitors inhibited ionophore-induced egress of T. gondii tachyzoites. These findings highlight the advantage of comparative and targeted phenotypic screens in related species as a means to identify lead molecules with a conserved mode of action. Further work on target identification and mechanism analysis will facilitate the development of antiparasitic compounds with cross-species efficacy. IMPORTANCE The phylum Apicomplexa includes many human and animal pathogens, such as Plasmodium falciparum (human malaria) and Toxoplasma gondii (human and animal toxoplasmosis). Widespread resistance to current antimalarials and the lack of a commercial vaccine necessitate novel pharmacological interventions with distinct modes of action against malaria. For toxoplasmosis, new drugs to effectively eliminate tissue-dwelling latent cysts of the parasite are needed. The Malaria Box antimalarial collection, managed and distributed by the Medicines for Malaria Venture, includes molecules of novel chemical classes with proven antimalarial efficacy. Using targeted phenotypic assays of P. falciparum and T. gondii, we have identified a subset of the Malaria Box molecules as potent inhibitors of plastid segregation and parasite invasion and egress, thereby providing early insights into their probable mode of action. Five molecules that inhibit the egress of both parasites have been identified for further mechanistic studies. Thus, the approach we have used to identify novel molecules with defined modes of action in multiple parasites can expedite the development of pan-active antiparasitic agents.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gul HI, Mete E, Taslimi P, Gulcin I, Supuran CT. Synthesis, carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibition studies of the 1,3,5-trisubstituted-pyrazolines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 32:189-192. [PMID: 27774818 PMCID: PMC6010057 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1244533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
4-(3-(4-Substituted-phenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonamides (9-16) were successfully synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. Carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitory effects of the compounds were investigated. Ki values of the compounds were in the range of 316.7 ± 9.6-533.1 ± 187.8 nM towards hCA I and 412.5 ± 115.4-624.6 ± 168.2 nM towards hCA II isoenzymes. While Ki values of the reference compound Acetazolamide were 278.8 ± 44.3 nM and 293.4 ± 46.4 nM towards hCA I and hCA II izoenzymes, respectively. Compound 14 with bromine and compound 13 with fluorine substituents can be considered as the leader compounds of the series because of the lowest Ki values in series to make further detailed carbonic anhydrase inhibiton studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halise Inci Gul
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ebru Mete
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey.,c Department of Zoology, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- d Neurofarba Department , Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
| |
Collapse
|