1
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Li Y, Chen Q, Pan X, Lu W, Zhang J. New insight into the application of fluorescence platforms in tumor diagnosis: From chemical basis to clinical application. Med Res Rev 2022; 43:570-613. [PMID: 36420715 DOI: 10.1002/med.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early and rapid diagnosis of tumors is essential for clinical treatment or management. In contrast to conventional means, bioimaging has the potential to accurately locate and diagnose tumors at an early stage. Fluorescent probe has been developed as an ideal tool to visualize tumor sites and to detect biological molecules which provides a requirement for noninvasive, real-time, precise, and specific visualization of structures and complex biochemical processes in vivo. Rencently, the development of synthetic organic chemistry and new materials have facilitated the development of near-infrared small molecular sensing platforms and nanoimaging platforms. This provides a competitive tool for various fields of bioimaging such as biological structure and function imaging, disease diagnosis, in situ at the in vivo level, and real-time dynamic imaging. This review systematically focused on the recent progress of small molecular near-infrared fluorescent probes and nano-fluorescent probes as new biomedical imaging tools in the past 3-5 years, and it covers the application of tumor biomarker sensing, tumor microenvironment imaging, and tumor vascular imaging, intraoperative guidance and as an integrated platform for diagnosis, aiming to provide guidance for researchers to design and develop future biomedical diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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2
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Cheng S, Zhao R, Seferos DS. Precision Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Using the Kumada Methodology. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4203-4214. [PMID: 34726058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of conductive poly(acetylene), the study of conjugated polymers has remained an active and interdisciplinary frontier between polymer chemistry, polymer physics, computation, and device engineering. One of the ultimate goals of polymer science is to reliably synthesize structures, similar to small molecule synthesis. Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerization (KCTP) is a powerful tool for synthesizing conjugated polymers with predictable molecular weights, narrow dispersities, specific end groups, and complex backbone architectures. However, expanding the monomer scope beyond the well-studied 3-alkylthiophenes to include electron-deficient and complex heterocycles has been difficult. Revisiting the successful applications of KCTP can help us gain new insight into the CTP mechanisms and thus inspire breakthroughs in the controlled polymerization of challenging π-conjugated monomers.In this Account, we highlight our efforts over the past decade to achieve controlled synthesis of homopolymers (p-type and n-type), copolymers (diblock and statistical), and monodisperse high oligomers. We first give a brief introduction of the mechanism and state-of-the-art of KCTP. Since the extent of polymerization control is determined by steric and electronic effects of both the catalyst and monomer, the polymerization can be optimized by modifying monomer and catalyst structures, as well as finding a well-matched monomer-catalyst system. We discuss the effects of side-chain steric hindrance and halogens in the context of heavy atom substituted monomers. By moving the side-chain branch point one carbon atom away from the heterocycle to alleviate steric crowding and stabilize the catalyst resting state, we were able to successfully control the polymerization of new tellurophene monomers. Inspired by innocent role of the sterically encumbered 2-transmetalated 3-alkylthiophene monomer, we introduce the treatment of hygroscopic monomers with a bulky Grignard compound as a water-scavenger for the improved synthesis of water-soluble conjugated polymers. For challenging electron-deficient monomers, we discuss the design of new Ni(II)diimine catalysts with electron-donating character which enhance the stability of the association complex between the catalyst and the growing polymer chain, resulting in the quasi-living synthesis of n-type polymers. Beyond n-type homopolymers, the Ni(II)diimine catalysts are also capable of producing electron-rich and electron-deficient diblock and statistical copolymers. We discuss how density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the role of catalyst steric and electronic effects in controlling the synthesis of π-conjugated polymers. Moreover, we demonstrate the synthesis of monodisperse high oligomers by temperature cycling, which takes full advantage of the unique character of KCTP in that it proceeds through distinct intermediates that are not reactive. The insight we gained thus far leads to the first example of isolated living conjugated polymer chains prepared by a standard KCTP procedure, with general applicability to different monomers and catalytic systems. In summarizing a decade of innovation in KCTP, we hope this Account will inspire future development in the field to overcome key challenges including the controlled synthesis of electron-deficient heterocycles, complex and high-performance systems, and degradable and recyclable materials as well as cutting-edge catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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3
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Cheng S, Ye S, Apte CN, Yudin AK, Seferos DS. Improving the Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polymerization with Water-Scavenging Grignard Reagents. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:697-701. [PMID: 35549106 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have received widespread interest as optoelectronic materials. Recently, these macromolecules have been adopted for biologically relevant applications, such as sensors, imaging agents, and drug delivery vectors. A major limitation of the chemistry used to prepare these classes of compounds is that the resultant polymers themselves are not tolerant to water or are not inherently water-soluble. For example, the most controlled method of conjugated polymer synthesis, the Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization (KCTP), requires stringent drying of monomers, catalysts, and other reagents. Here, we describe an approach to use a water-scavenging Grignard reagent to alleviate many of the shortcomings that currently hinder the synthesis of water-soluble conjugated polymers. This method shows improved polymerization performance in both traditional conjugated polymer synthesis as well as more challenging syntheses of polar hygroscopic polymers that are of interest for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Chirag N. Apte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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4
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Wu S, Su F, Magee HY, Meldrum DR, Tian Y. cRGD functionalized 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD)-containing two-photon absorbing red-emitter-conjugated amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly( ε-caprolactone) for targeted bioimaging. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34235-34243. [PMID: 31798837 PMCID: PMC6886675 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06694b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-photon absorbing (2PA) red emitter group was chemically conjugated onto amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) copolymers, and further grafted with cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp) (cRGD) peptide to form micelle 1. Micelle 1 with cRGD targeting groups were used for targeted bioimaging. For comparison, micelle 2 without the cRGD targeting groups were also prepared and investigated. The micelles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), showing average diameters of around 77 nm. The cRGD targeting group is known to bind specifically with αvβ3 integrin in cancer cells. In this study, αvβ3 integrin overexpressed human glioblastoma U87MG cell line and αvβ3 integrin deficient human cervical cancer HeLa cell line were chosen. Results showed that the cRGD targeting group enhanced the cellular uptake efficiency of the micelles significantly in αvβ3 integrin rich U87MG cells. Higher temperature (37 °C versus 4 °C) and calcium ions (with 3 M calcium chloride in the cell culture medium versus no addition of calcium ions) enhanced the cellular uptake efficiency, suggesting that the uptake of the micelles is through the endocytosis pathway in cells. A 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the micelles and no significant cytotoxicity was observed. The BTD-containing two-photon absorbing emitter in the micelles showed a two-photon absorbing cross-section of 236 GM (1 GM = 1 × 10−50 cm4 s per photonper molecule) at 820 nm, which is among the highest values reported for red 2PA emitters. Because of the two-photon absorbing characteristics, micelle 1 was successfully used for two-photon fluorescence imaging targeted to U87MG cells under a two-photon fluorescence microscope. This study is the first report regarding the targeted imaging of a specific cancer cell line (herein, U87MG) using the BTD-conjugated-fluorophore-containing block copolymers. A two-photon absorbing (2PA) red emitter group was chemically conjugated onto amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) copolymers, and further grafted with cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp) (cRGD) peptide to form micelle 1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Foshan Municipality Anti-counterfeiting Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China
| | - Fengyu Su
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hansa Y Magee
- Knowledge Enterprise, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA
| | - Deirdre R Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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5
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Cheng Y, Liu X, Ma X, Garcia R, Belfield K, Haorah J. Alcohol promotes waste clearance in the CNS via brain vascular reactivity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:115-126. [PMID: 31362045 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficient clearance of the interstitial waste metabolites is essential for the normal maintenance of brain homeostasis. The brain lacks the lymphatic clearance system. Thus, the drainage of waste metabolites in the brain is dependent on a slow flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system. Glymphatic system claims the direct bulk flow transport of small size water-soluble waste metabolites into to the perivenous space by aquaporin-4 water channels of the astrocyte end-feet, but it did not address the diffusive clearance of large size waste metabolites. Here, we addressed the clearance mechanisms of large size waste metabolites from interstitial fluid to perivascular space as well as from CSF subarachnoid into perivascular space via the paravascular drainage. A low dose ethanol acting as a potent vasodilator promotes the dynamic clearance of waste metabolites through this perivascular-perivenous drainage path. We observed that ethanol-induced increased in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell reactivity regulated the enhanced clearance of metabolites. Here, activation of endothelial specific nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by ethanol and generation of vasodilator nitric oxide mediates the interactive reactivity of endothelial-smooth muscle cells and subsequent diffusion of the CNS waste metabolites towards perivascular space. Detection of tracer dye (waste metabolite) in the perivenous space and in the blood samples further confirmed the improved clearance of waste metabolites through this unraveled interstitial-perivascular-perivenous clearance path. Our results suggest that alcohol intake at low-dose levels may promote clearance of neurological disease associated entangled proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cheng
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Ricardo Garcia
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Kevin Belfield
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - James Haorah
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States.
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6
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Chang HJ, Bondar MV, Liu T, Liu X, Singh S, Belfield KD, Sheely A, Masunov AE, Hagan DJ, Van Stryland EW. Electronic Nature of Neutral and Charged Two-Photon Absorbing Squaraines for Fluorescence Bioimaging Application. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14669-14679. [PMID: 31552306 PMCID: PMC6751543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of neutral 2,4-bis(4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino-2-hydroxy-6-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)squaraine (1) and charged 2-((3-octadecylbenzothiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl)-3-oxo-4-((3-(4-(pyridinium-1-yl)butyl)benzo-thiazol-3-ium-2-yl)methylene)cyclobut-1-enolate iodide (2) squaraine derivatives were analyzed based on comprehensive linear photophysical, photochemical, nonlinear optical studies (including two-photon absorption (2PA) and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy measurements), and quantum chemical calculations. The steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and excitation anisotropy spectra of these new squaraines revealed the values and mutual orientations of the main transition dipoles of 1 and 2 in solvents of different polarity, while their role in specific nonlinear optical properties was shown. The degenerate 2PA spectra of 1 and 2 exhibited similar shapes, with maximum cross sections of ∼300-400 GM, which were determined by the open aperture Z-scan method over a broad spectral range. The nature of the time-resolved excited-state absorption spectra of 1 and 2 was analyzed using a femtosecond transient absorption pump-probe technique and the characteristic relaxation times of 4-5 ps were revealed. Quantum chemical analyses of the electronic properties of 1 and 2 were performed using the ZINDO/S//DFT theory level, affording good agreement with experimental data. To demonstrate the potential of squaraines 1 and 2 as fluorescent probes for bioimaging, laser scanning fluorescence microscopy images of HeLa cells incubated with new squaraines were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jung Chang
- CREOL,
The College of Optics and Photonics, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | | | - Taihong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Sweety Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: 973-596-3677 (K.D.B.)
| | - Andrew Sheely
- NanoScienece
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Ste. 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- School of
Modeling, Simulation, and Training, University
of Central Florida, 3100 Technology Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United
States
| | - Artëm E. Masunov
- NanoScienece
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Ste. 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- School of
Modeling, Simulation, and Training, University
of Central Florida, 3100 Technology Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United
States
- South
Ural State University, Lenin pr. 76, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Photochemistry
Center RAS, Federal Research Center Crystallography
and Photonics Russian Academy of Science, Ul. Novatorov 7a, Moscow 119421, Russia
- National
Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - David J. Hagan
- CREOL,
The College of Optics and Photonics, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: 407-823-6817 (D.J.H.)
| | - Eric W. Van Stryland
- CREOL,
The College of Optics and Photonics, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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7
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Huang YQ, Sun LJ, Zhang R, Hu J, Liu XF, Jiang RC, Fan QL, Wang LH, Huang W. Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles Based on a Conjugated Oligomer Photosensitizer: Target-Specific Two-Photon Imaging, Redox-Sensitive Drug Delivery, and Synergistic Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2421-2434. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong-Cui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qu-Li Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lian-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
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8
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Aggregation-induced emission probes for cancer theranostics. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1288-1294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Liu X, Ardizzone A, Sui B, Anzola M, Ventosa N, Liu T, Veciana J, Belfield KD. Fluorenyl-Loaded Quatsome Nanostructured Fluorescent Probes. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4112-4122. [PMID: 30023713 PMCID: PMC6044886 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of hydrophobic materials in biological systems, for example, contrast agents or drugs, is an obdurate challenge, severely restricting the use of materials with otherwise advantageous properties. The synthesis and characterization of a highly stable and water-soluble nanovesicle, referred to as a quatsome (QS, vesicle prepared from cholesterol and amphiphilic quaternary amines), that allowed the nanostructuration of a nonwater soluble fluorene-based probe are reported. Photophysical properties of fluorenyl-quatsome nanovesicles were investigated via ultraviolet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in various solvents. Colloidal stability and morphology of the nanostructured fluorescent probes were studied via cryogenic transmission electronic microscopy, revealing a "patchy" quatsome vascular morphology. As an example of the utility of these fluorescent nanoprobes, examination of cellular distribution was evaluated in HCT 116 (an epithelial colorectal carcinoma cell line) and COS-7 (an African green monkey kidney cell line) cell lines, demonstrating the selective localization of C-QS and M-QS vesicles in lysosomes with high Pearson's colocalization coefficient, where C-QS and M-QS refer to quatsomes prepared with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide or tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, respectively. Further experiments demonstrated their use in time-dependent lysosomal tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Antonio Ardizzone
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)-CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari
de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Binglin Sui
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mattia Anzola
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)-CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari
de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)-CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari
de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Taihong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)-CIBER-BBN, Campus Universitari
de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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10
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Mousavizadeh A, Jabbari A, Akrami M, Bardania H. Cell targeting peptides as smart ligands for targeting of therapeutic or diagnostic agents: a systematic review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:507-517. [PMID: 28738290 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell targeting peptides (CTP) are small peptides which have high affinity and specificity to a cell or tissue targets. They are typically identified by using phage display and chemical synthetic peptide library methods. CTPs have attracted considerable attention as a new class of ligands to delivery specifically therapeutic and diagnostic agents, because of the fact they have several advantages including easy synthesis, smaller physical sizes, lower immunogenicity and cytotoxicity and their simple and better conjugation to nano-carriers and therapeutic or diagnostic agents compared to conventional antibodies. In this systematic review, we will focus on the basic concepts concerning the use of cell-targeting peptides (CTPs), following the approaches of selecting them from peptide libraries. We discuss several developed strategies for cell-specific delivery of different cargos by CTPs, which are designed for drug delivery and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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11
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Yao S, Kim B, Yue X, Colon Gomez MY, Bondar MV, Belfield KD. Synthesis of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Two-Photon-Absorbing Fluorenyl Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1149-1156. [PMID: 31457186 PMCID: PMC6640770 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of dyes 2-5 based on 5-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 5-thienyl-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole cores were synthesized as near-infrared-emitting two-photon-absorbing fluorophores. Fluorescence maxima wavelengths as long as 714 nm and quantum yields as high as 0.67 were realized. The fluorescence quantum yields of dyes 2-4 were nearly constant, regardless of solvent polarity. These diazoles exhibited large Stokes shifts (>110 nm) and high two-photon figure of merit. Cells incubated on a 3D scaffold with probe 4 (encapsulated in Pluronic micelles) exhibited bright fluorescence, enabling 3D two-photon fluorescence imaging to a depth of 100 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Bosung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Xiling Yue
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Maria Y. Colon Gomez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | | | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal
Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd.,
University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
- E-mail: (K.D.B.)
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12
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Wang YF, Zhang T, Liang XJ. Aggregation-Induced Emission: Lighting up Cells, Revealing Life! SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6451-6477. [PMID: 27592595 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metabolism and dynamic biological events in cells, as well as physiological functions and pathological changes in organisms, is the major goal of biological investigations. It will improve our capability to diagnose and treat diseases, and will enhance personalized medicine. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool that plays an essential role in acquiring the comprehensive knowledge necessary to help reach this goal. Fluorescent molecules are crucial factors for obtaining high quality images. In contrast to conventional fluorogens with aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, molecules that show aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect open up new avenues for fluorescence imaging. So far, a large variety of AIE probes have been developed and applied to bioimaging because of their outstanding characteristics, such as high fluorescence efficiency, excellent photostability and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this review, recent advances in AIE-based probes for biomedical imaging of intracellular microenvironments, natural macromolecules, subcellular organelles, intracellular processes, living tissues, and diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of diseases in vivo are summarized. It is hoped that this review generates great research enthusiasm for AIE-based bioimaging, in order to promote the development of promising AIE probes and guide us to a better understanding of the biological essence of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tingbin Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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