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Freitas DS, Sousa CEA, Parente J, Drogalin A, Gil Fortes A, Cerqueira NMFSA, Alves MJ. (3S,4R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-N-alkyl-l-homoprolines: synthesis and computational mechanistic studies. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:10052-10064. [PMID: 31748775 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This is the first synthetic report of (3S,4R)-dihydroxy-N-alkyl-l-homoprolines described so far. 2,4-O-Benzylidene-d-erythrose was obtained from d-glucose with an improved yield, and then transformed into the title (3S,4R)-dihydroxy-N-alkyl-l-homoprolines, in a two-step strategy, with excellent overall yields. Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl group led to the NH congener. The synthesis of final products from 1,4-lactone intermediates was studied by computational means either under acidic or basic conditions. The theoretical mechanism studies fully explain the experimental results: (a) an equilibrium between l-homoprolines and their bicyclic counterparts is established in acids; (b) the equilibrium suffers a complete displacement towards the l-homoproline side in a basic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Freitas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Muthukrishnan I, Sridharan V, Menéndez JC. Progress in the Chemistry of Tetrahydroquinolines. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5057-5191. [PMID: 30963764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroquinoline is one of the most important simple nitrogen heterocycles, being widespread in nature and present in a broad variety of pharmacologically active compounds. This Review summarizes the progress achieved in the chemistry of tetrahydroquinolines, with emphasis on their synthesis, during the period from mid-2010 to early 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isravel Muthukrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences , Central University of Jammu , Rahya-Suchani (Bagla) , District-Samba, Jammu 181143 , Jammu and Kashmir , India
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgańica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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Rocha JF, Freitas DS, Noro J, Silva Teixeira CS, Sousa CEA, Alves MJ, Cerqueira NMFSA. Total Stereoselective Michael Addition of N- and S- Nucleophiles to a d-Erythrosyl 1,5-Lactone Derivative. Experimental and Theoretical Studies Devoted to the Synthesis of 2,6-Dideoxy-4-functionalized-d- ribono-hexono-1,4-lactone. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8011-8019. [PMID: 29924603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a 1,5-lactone 2,4- O-alkylidene-d-erythrose derivative was found to be a highly stereoselective template in Michael addition trough the reaction of a d-erythrosyl 1,5-lactone derivative with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles. The sulfur adducts formed are 1 (d-erythrose derivative):1 (nucleophile), and the nitrogen adducts are 1:2. Both were then treated under HCl to give 2,6-dideoxy-4-functionalized-d- ribono-hexono-1,4-lactone by a reaction cascade in high overall yield. Reaction's scale up even improves the yield. The theoretical and computational results clearly explain the origin of the stereoselectivity, and the energetic course of reactions starting with nitrogen and sulfide nucleophiles. Considering that the 1,4-lactones obtained in this work offer a new molecular scaffold for organic synthesis, these new results provide a solid theoretical platform that can be used to speed up synthesis of other derivatives in a stereo- and regioselective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Rocha
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - David S Freitas
- Departamento de Química , Universidade do Minho , Campus de Gualtar , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - Jennifer Noro
- Departamento de Química , Universidade do Minho , Campus de Gualtar , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - Carla S Silva Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Cristina E A Sousa
- Departamento de Química , Universidade do Minho , Campus de Gualtar , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - Maria J Alves
- Departamento de Química , Universidade do Minho , Campus de Gualtar , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - Nuno M F S A Cerqueira
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
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