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Shen T, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y. Rational Molecular Design of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based n-Type and Ambipolar Polymer Semiconductors. Chemistry 2024:e202401812. [PMID: 38887976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer semiconductors have drawn great attention in the field of organic electronics due to the planar structure, decent solubilizing capability, and high crystallinity. However, the electron-deficient capacity of DPP derivatives are not strong enough, leading to relatively high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the corresponding polymers. As a result, n-type and ambipolar DPP-based polymers are rare and their electron mobilities also lag far behind the p-type counterparts, which limits the development of important p-n-junction-based electronic devices. Therefore, new design strategies have been proposed recent years to develop n-type/ambipolar DPP-based polymers with improved performances. In this view, these molecular design strategies are summarized, including copolymerization of DPP with different acceptors and weak donors, DPP flanked aromatic ring modification, DPP-core ring expansion and DPP dimerization. The relationship between the chemical structures and organic thin-film transistor performances is intensively discussed. Finally, a perspective on future trends in the molecular design of DPP-based n-type/ambipolar polymers is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
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Nguyen TH, Le KM, Nguyen LH, Truong TN. Machine Learning-Based Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships for the Electronic Properties of Cyano Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:464-472. [PMID: 36643419 PMCID: PMC9835191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) based on a machine learning (ML) methodology and the truncated degree of π-orbital overlap (DPO) to predict the electronic properties, namely, the bandgaps, electron affinities, and ionization potentials of the cyano polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (CN-PAH) chemical class were developed. The level of theory B3LYP/6-31+G(d) of density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate a total of 926 data points for the development of the QSPR model. To include the substituents effects, a new descriptor was added to the DPO model. Consequently, the new ML-DPO model yields excellent linear correlations to predict the desired electronic properties with high accuracy to within 0.2 eV for all multi-CN-substituted PAHs and 0.1 eV for the mono-CN-substituted PAH subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan H. Nguyen
- Institute
for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City700000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City7000000, Vietnam
| | - Khang M. Le
- Faculty
of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ho Chi Minh City700000, Vietnam
| | - Lam H. Nguyen
- Institute
for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City700000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ho Chi Minh City700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh N. Truong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah84112, United States
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Cheon HJ, An TK, Kim YH. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Polymers and Their Organic Field-Effect Transistor Applications: A Review. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ryu HS, Kim MJ, Lee YW, Lee SH, Shin TJ, Cho JH, Woo HY. Synthesis, Molecular Packing, and Electrical Properties of New Regioisomeric n-type Semiconducting Molecules with Modification of Alkyl Substituents Position. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47170-47181. [PMID: 31738512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We design and synthesize a series of regioisomeric n-type small molecules, which have an identical diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core and 2-(2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-inden-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile (INCN) terminal groups with octyl substituents at different positions. The isomeric structures are confirmed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy based on the heteronuclear multiple-bond coupling method. Incorporation of the electron-deficient DPP and strongly electron-withdrawing INCN groups yields deep frontier molecular orbitals with n-type charge-transport properties in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Interestingly, a minor change in the substitution position of the octyl side chains significantly influences the optoelectronic and morphological properties of the thin film. The polycrystalline morphology of the as-cast films is reorganized differently with thermal annealing depending on the octyl topology, significantly affecting the OFET performance. With thermal treatment at 200 °C, the kinked DPP(EH)-INCNO1 (EH = 2-ethylhexyl) structures transform into single crystalline-like structures, exhibiting a remarkably improved electron mobility up to ∼0.6 cm2V-1 s-1 compared with DPP(EH)-INCNO2 isomers. The more linear DPP(EH or HD)-INCNO2 (HD = 2-hexyldecyl) molecules become more crystalline with thermal treatments, but their polycrystalline packing structures with large grain boundaries are the main reason for their lower electron mobility. When the solubilizing alkyl substituents are selected, careful molecular design is needed, with consideration of both the solubility and intermolecular packing, for optimizing the optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- UNIST Central Research Facilities , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
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6
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Bura T, Beaupré S, Légaré MA, Ibraikulov OA, Leclerc N, Leclerc M. Theoretical Calculations for Highly Selective Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization: New Nitrile-Substituted Dithienyl-Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092324. [PMID: 30213056 PMCID: PMC6225168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization (DHAP) is becoming a valuable alternative to classical polymerization methods being used to synthesize π-conjugated polymers for organic electronics applications. In previous work, we showed that theoretical calculations on activation energy (Ea) of the C–H bonds were helpful to rationalize and predict the selectivity of the DHAP. For readers’ convenience, we have gathered in this work all our previous theoretical calculations on Ea and performed new ones. Those theoretical calculations cover now most of the widely utilized electron-rich and electron-poor moieties studied in organic electronics like dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DT-DPP) derivatives. Theoretical calculations reported herein show strong modulation of the Ea of C–H bond on DT-DPP when a bromine atom or strong electron withdrawing groups (such as fluorine or nitrile) are added to the thienyl moiety. Based on those theoretical calculations, new cyanated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (CNDT-DPP) monomers and copolymers were prepared by DHAP and their electro-optical properties were compared with their non-fluorinated and fluorinated analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bura
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Olzhas A Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Výprachtický D, Demirtas I, Dzhabarov V, Pokorná V, Ertas E, Ozturk T, Cimrová V. New copolymers with thieno[3,2-b
]thiophene or dithieno[3,2-b
:2′,3′-d
]thiophene units possessing electron-withdrawing 4-cyanophenyl groups: Synthesis and photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drahomír Výprachtický
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences; Heyrovský Sq. 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ilknur Demirtas
- Department of Chemistry; Science Faculty, Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Gebze Kocaeli 2141470 Turkey
| | - Vagif Dzhabarov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences; Heyrovský Sq. 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pokorná
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences; Heyrovský Sq. 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Erdal Ertas
- Department of Chemistry; Science Faculty, Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Department of Chemistry; Science Faculty, Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Chemistry Group, Organic Chemistry Laboratory, TUBITAK UME; Gebze Kocaeli 5441470 Turkey
| | - Věra Cimrová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences; Heyrovský Sq. 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Liu X, Huang J, Xu J, Gao D, Zhang W, Shi K, Yu G. Highly planar thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing polymers for organic field-effect transistors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01031h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymers (PTTDPPTVT and PTTDPPSVS) with high planarity were synthesized and studied as semiconductors in OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Jie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Dong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Keli Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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