1
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Bavisotto R, Tysoe WT. Mechanistic and Kinetic Measurements of Elementary Surface Reactions Using Temperature-Programmed X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1817-1824. [PMID: 38198692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes a method by which surface-reaction kinetics can be measured by slowly and precisely ramping up the surface temperature at a constant rate while simultaneously collecting X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). This approach results in the collection of a large amount of data over relatively small temperature steps to produce quasi-continuous kinetic data. The method is illustrated for the desorption and reaction of diethyl disulfide (DEDS) on a Au(111) substrate in ultrahigh vacuum, where the results can be compared with previous conventional temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) data from Au(111). Experiments were carried out using a double-pass cylindrical-mirror analyzer with a channeltron detector to demonstrate how this approach can be implemented in a routine, multitechnique vacuum chamber. The approach will be even more effective in a more modern, specialized XPS apparatus with high-transmission hemispherical analyzers with multichannel array detectors, which will enable the spectra of several elements to be measured simultaneously. The results yielded an activation energy for multilayer desorption of DEDS of 41 ± 1 kJ/mol, with a pre-exponential factor of 8 ± 7 × 1012 s-1, an activation energy of 53 ± 6 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor of 9 ± 8 × 1013 s-1 for monolayer desorption and an activation energy of 90 ± 6 kJ/mol with a prefactor of 1.0 ± 0.3 × 1015 s-1 for the reaction of adsorbed ethyl thiolate species to adsorbed DEDS. While these results were collected for a system for which the kinetic data could have been obtained using conventional TPD, this method can be more usefully applied to those surface reaction processes that do not rely on the formation of desorption products. This system, having been previously studied by TPD, facilitates a comparison with results obtained by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bavisotto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Wilfred T Tysoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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2
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Chambon L, Das M, Vasilaki E, Petekidis G, Vamvakaki M. Colloidal Rod-Like Particles with Temperature-Driven Tunable Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13674-13685. [PMID: 36263911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive rod-like colloidal particles were synthesized by grafting a temperature-responsive polymer, poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA), on the surface of high aspect ratio silica rods by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The stability of the grafted polymer on the surface of the particles in aqueous solutions was found to deteriorate with time, leading to a gradual decrease of the polymer content of the hybrid colloids, which was attributed to the mechanically activated hydrolysis of the labile bonds at the polymer-silica interface. The polymer degrafting was significantly suppressed by first growing a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) block onto the particle surface to act as a barrier layer for the penetration of water molecules at the polymer-particle interface, followed by chain-extension with the hydrophilic PDMA chains. Dynamic light scattering, microscopy, and rheological measurements revealed that the PDMA block conferred a temperature-responsive behavior to the rod-like particles, which formed aggregates at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer. However, in contrast to their spherical counterparts, the polymer-grafted rod-like particles did not exhibit complete thermo-reversibility upon lowering the solution temperature below the LCST of PDMA, which was reflected by different values of the diffusion coefficient for the heating and cooling cycles, indicating an irreversible rod particle aggregation upon increasing the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Chambon
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mohan Das
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelia Vasilaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Petekidis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Vamvakaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, 700 13Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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3
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Delamarre S, Gmür T, Spencer ND, Cayer-Barrioz J. Polymeric Friction Modifiers: Influence of Anchoring Chemistry on Their Adsorption and Effectiveness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11451-11458. [PMID: 36082717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Correlated adsorption and lubricity have been investigated using polymeric friction modifiers, specifically designed with an oleophilic brush-forming block and an anchoring block of comparable length. Through adsorption, rheology, and friction measurements, we have highlighted the existence of boundary layers, whose molecular organization and mechanical properties govern the frictional behavior. We have demonstrated that changing the anchoring chemistry controls the final ordering in the boundary layer. The stability of the surface anchoring governs the onset of repulsion between the polymer layers and the capacity of the layer to withstand shear. The higher degree of molecular order provided by the most firmly anchored polymer to the surface was thereby responsible for the significant friction reduction observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Delamarre
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS UMR 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Tobias Gmür
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Cayer-Barrioz
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS UMR 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
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4
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Abstract
I review experimental developments in the growth and application of surface-grafted weak polyelectrolytes (brushes), concentrating on their surface, tribological, and adhesive and bioadhesive properties, and their role as actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Geoghegan
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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5
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Gutierrez AM, Leniz FC, Wang X, Dziubla TD, Hilt JZ. Effect of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Reaction Time on PCB Binding Capacities of Styrene-CMA/QMA Core-Shell Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. B, SOLID-STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 2022; 277:115577. [PMID: 35250171 PMCID: PMC8896513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution continues to be one of the greatest challenges humankind faces worldwide. Increasing population growth, fast industrialization and modernization risk the worsening of water accessibility and quality in the coming years. Nanoadsorbents have steadily gained attention as remediation technologies that can meet stringent water quality demands. In this work, core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprised of an iron oxide magnetic core and a styrene based polymer shell were synthesized via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and characterized them for their binding of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as model organic contaminants. Acrylated plant derived polyphenols, curcumin multiacrylate (CMA) and quercetin multiacrylate (QMA), and divinylbenzene (DVB) were incorporated into the polymeric shell to create high affinity binding sites for PCBs. The affinity of these novel materials for PCB 126 was evaluated and fitted to the nonlinear Langmuir model to determine binding affinities (KD). The KD values obtained for all the MNP systems showed higher binding affinities for PCB 126 that carbonaceous materials, like activated carbon and graphene oxide, the most widely used adsorption materials for water remediation today. The effect of increasing ATRP reaction time on the binding affinity of MNPs demonstrated the ability to tune polymer shell thickness by modifying the reaction extent and initial crosslinker concentrations in order to maximize pollutant binding. The enhancement in binding affinity and capacity for PCB 126 was demonstrated by the use of hydrophobic, aromatic rich molecules like styrene, CMA, QMA and DVB, within the polymeric shell provides more sites for π-π interactions to occur between the MNP surface and the PCB molecules. Overall, the high affinities for PCBs, as model organic pollutants, and magnetic capabilities of the core-shell MNPs synthesized provide a strong rationale for their application as nanoadsorbents in the environmental remediation of specific harmful contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Gutierrez
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Francisco C. Leniz
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Xinya Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Thomas D. Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J. Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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6
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Wang YM, Kálosi A, Halahovets Y, Romanenko I, Slabý J, Homola J, Svoboda J, de los Santos Pereira A, Pop-Georgievski O. Grafting density and antifouling properties of poly[ N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] brushes prepared by “grafting to” and “grafting from”. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(HPMA) brushes prepared by a grafting-from method suppress fouling from blood plasma by an order of magnitude better than the polymer brushes of the same molecular weight prepared by a grafting-to method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Wang
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kálosi
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Multilayers and Nanostructures, Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yuriy Halahovets
- Department of Multilayers and Nanostructures, Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iryna Romanenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Slabý
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 18251 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 18251 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Controlling the enrichment location of brush grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes at the interface of various polymer blends. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Anthi J, Kolivoška V, Holubová B, Vaisocherová-Lísalová H. Probing polymer brushes with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: a mini review. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7379-7391. [PMID: 34693954 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01330k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are frequently used as surface-tethered antifouling layers in biosensors to improve sensor surface-analyte recognition in the presence of abundant non-target molecules in complex biological samples by suppressing nonspecific interactions. However, because brushes are complex systems highly responsive to changes in their surrounding environment, studying their properties remains a challenge. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an emerging method in this context. In this mini review, we aim to elucidate the potential of EIS for investigating the physicochemical properties and structural aspects of polymer brushes. The application of EIS in brush-based biosensors is also discussed. Most common principles employed in these biosensors are presented, as well as interpretation of EIS data obtained in such setups. Overall, we demonstrate that the EIS-polymer brush pairing has a considerable potential for providing new insights into brush functionalities and designing highly sensitive and specific biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judita Anthi
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Holubová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Michalek L, Krappitz T, Mundsinger K, Walden SL, Barner L, Barner-Kowollik C. Mapping Photochemical Reactivity Profiles on Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21651-21655. [PMID: 33337866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a comprehensive methodology to map the reactivity of photochemical systems on surfaces. The reactivity of photoreactive groups in solution often departs from their corresponding solution absorption spectra. On surfaces, the relationship between the surface absorption spectra and reactivity remains unexplored. Thus, herein, the reactivity of an o-methylbenzaldehyde and a tetrazole, as ligation partners for maleimide functionalized polymers, was investigated when the reactive moieties are tethered to a surface. The ligation reaction of tetrazole functionalized surfaces was found to proceed rapidly leading to high grafting densities, while o-methylbenzaldehyde functionalized substrates required longer irradiation times and resulted in lower surface coverage at the same wavelength (330 nm). Critically, wavelength resolved reactivity profiles were found to closely match the surface absorption spectra, contrary to previously reported red shifts in solution for the same chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Michalek
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim Krappitz
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kai Mundsinger
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah L Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Ilcikova M, Galeziewska M, Mrlik M, Osicka J, Masar M, Slouf M, Maslowski M, Kracalik M, Pietrasik R, Mosnacek J, Pietrasik J. The effect of short polystyrene brushes grafted from graphene oxide on the behavior of miscible PMMA/SAN blends. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Guo Y, Gong L, Gao S, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Li J, Jin J. Cupric phosphate mineralized polymer membrane with superior cycle stability for oil/water emulsion separation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Shen W, Zheng J, Zhou Z, Zhang D. Approaches for the synthesis of o-nitrobenzyl and coumarin linkers for use in photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates and their biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:75-91. [PMID: 32853806 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates are particularly interesting because light sources are easy to obtain and the responsiveness of materials is convenient to control. In recent years, various photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates have been synthesized for the control of payload release, regulation of biomolecule activity, 3D cell culture, and investigation of molecular mechanisms. Photocleavable linkers are crucial components of photocleavable biomaterials, which significantly influence the photoresponsive capabilities of materials. Photosensitive molecules, such as o-nitrobenzyls and coumarins, have been extensively developed as photocleavable linkers. In the present review, we provide comprehensive knowledge regarding the synthetic strategies of o-nitrobenzyl and coumarin derived linkers with various functional groups and their applications for the construction of photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates. Finally, the biomedical applications of o-nitrobenzyl and coumarin-based photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates will be summarized and discussed.
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13
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Ferrand-Drake del Castillo G, Hailes RLN, Dahlin A. Large Changes in Protonation of Weak Polyelectrolyte Brushes with Salt Concentration-Implications for Protein Immobilization. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5212-5218. [PMID: 32515599 PMCID: PMC7467743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time that the protonation behavior of weak polyelectrolyte brushes depends very strongly on ionic strength. The pKa changes by one pH step per order of magnitude in salt concentration. For low salt concentrations (∼1 mM), a very high pH is required to deprotonate a polyacidic brush and a very low pH is required to protonate a polybasic brush. This has major consequences for interactions with other macromolecules, as the brushes are actually almost fully neutral when believed to be charged. We propose that many previous studies on electrostatic interactions between polyelectrolytes and proteins have, in fact, looked at other types of intermolecular forces, in particular, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Chambon L, Vamvakaki M. Hollow polymer microrods of tunable flexibility from dense amphiphilic block copolymer brushes. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:833-841. [PMID: 31840712 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01868a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microrods of aspect ratio ∼10, and tunable flexibility are attractive model systems to study density and index matched liquid crystalline phases. However, the synthesis of anisotropic polymer particles is arduous, due to the lack of directional polymer growth mechanisms. In this work, non-cross-linked, hollow polymer microrods are developed from a dense block copolymer brush grown from the surface of micron-sized silica rods. The copolymer brush, comprising a hydrophobic inner block and a hydrophilic outer layer, is synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, and is exploited in the preparation of robust polymer rod particles in water, following etching of the inorganic core. The solvent-incompatible inner block is crucial for the synthesis of the rod-like polymer particles, in the absence of chemical cross-links, and the block copolymer composition affects the colloidal stability and flexibility of the hollow anisotropic colloids. For shorter hydrophobic block lengths, well-defined, yet flexible, hollow rods are obtained, whereas increasing the hydrophobic content of the copolymer results in rigid, tube-like particles. The approach is generic and could be easily employed to obtain polymer rod particles in any solvent medium, upon the appropriate selection of the solvent-incompatible inner block and the solvent-compatible outer block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Chambon
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece and Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Maria Vamvakaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece and Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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15
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Brush-modified materials: Control of molecular architecture, assembly behavior, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Ko Y, Genzer J. Spontaneous Degrafting of Weak and Strong Polycationic Brushes in Aqueous Buffer Solutions. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeongun Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
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17
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Qu F, Li D, Ma X, Chen F, Gautrot JE. A Kinetic Model of Oligonucleotide-Brush Interactions for the Rational Design of Gene Delivery Vectors. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2218-2229. [PMID: 31017767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are attractive candidates for the design of gene delivery vectors as they allow the systematic study of the impact of structural (type, size, and shape of nanomaterials core) and physicochemical parameters (cationic monomer chemistry, brush thickness, and grafting density) on transfection efficiency. However, relatively little is known of their interactions of oligonucleotides. To study such interactions, we use surface plasmon resonance and developed a kinetic model of brush binding and infiltration. We identify the striking impact that brush grafting density and thickness have on oligonucleotide kinetics of infiltration, binding affinity, and maximum loading. Surprisingly, double-stranded RNA molecules are found to load at significantly higher levels compared to DNA molecules of identical sequence (apart from uracils/thymines). Furthermore, analysis of the kinetics of adsorption of these oligonucleotides indicates that the stoichiometry of binding (ratio of amine versus phosphate residues) is close to parity for the uptake of 20 bp double-stranded RNA. Finally, nanoparticles were designed to be used as gene transfection vectors and to quantify if the brush grafting density and thickness significantly impact transfection efficiencies in a small interfering RNA knockdown assay. Therefore, this study demonstrates the rational design of polymer brush-based nanoparticle vectors for efficient delivery of oligonucleotides. The model developed will allow to uncover how the refinement of the physicochemical and structural properties of polymer brushes enable the tuning of RNA binding and allow the systematic study of cationic vectors efficiency for RNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Qu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , PR China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , PR China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , PR China
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18
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Mathis CH, Simič R, Kang C, Ramakrishna SN, Isa L, Spencer ND. Indenting polymer brushes of varying grafting density in a viscous fluid: A gradient approach to understanding fluid confinement. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Michalek L, Mundsinger K, Barner-Kowollik C, Barner L. The long and the short of polymer grafting. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer chains are grafted depending on their size onto solid interfaces, leading to a distortion of the surface grafted size distribution. We herein predict and quanitify this distortion effect, which has critical consequences for functional polymer interface design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Michalek
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Institute for Future Environments
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000
| | - Kai Mundsinger
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Institute for Future Environments
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Institute for Future Environments
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Institute for Future Environments
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000
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20
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Mandal J, Simic R, Spencer ND. Tuning and in situ monitoring of surface-initiated, atom-transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide derivatives in water-based solvents. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SI-ATRP kinetics of acrylamide derivatives is studied in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The effect of growth kinetics on polymer-brush dispersity have been examined using colloidal-probe atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Mandal
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Rok Simic
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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21
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Mandal J, Varunprasaath RS, Yan W, Divandari M, Spencer ND, Dübner M. In situ monitoring of SI-ATRP throughout multiple reinitiations under flow by means of a quartz crystal microbalance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20048-20055. [PMID: 30009020 PMCID: PMC6003541 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation of the polymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by means of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP) has been carried out in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance, with multiple reinitiations under continuous flow of the reaction mixture. The SI-ATRP kinetics of HEMA were studied continuously by means of changes in the frequency, varying conditions including temperature and solvent composition, as well as monomer and catalyst concentrations, showing the influence of key reaction parameters on SI-ATRP kinetics. Such experiments enabled the design of a polymerisation protocol that leads to a reasonably fast but well-controlled growth of poly(HEMA) brushes. Furthermore, only a minor change in growth rate was observed when the polymerisation was stopped and reinitiated multiple times (essential for block synthesis), demonstrating the living nature of the SI-ATRP reaction under such conditions. The clean switching of reaction mixtures in the flow-based QCM has been shown to be a powerful tool for real-time in situ studies of surface-initiated polymerisation reactions, and a promising approach for the precise fabrication of block-containing brush structures. The polymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by means of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP) has been studied in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance, with multiple reinitiations under continuous flow of the reaction mixture.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Mandal
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - R S Varunprasaath
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. .,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mohammad Divandari
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Dübner
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Michalek L, Barner L, Barner-Kowollik C. Polymer on Top: Current Limits and Future Perspectives of Quantitatively Evaluating Surface Grafting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706321. [PMID: 29512237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined polymer strands covalently tethered onto solid substrates determine the properties of the resulting functional interface. Herein, the current approaches to determine quantitative grafting densities are assessed. Based on a brief introduction into the key theories describing polymer brush regimes, a user's guide is provided to estimating maximum chain coverage and-importantly-examine the most frequently employed approaches for determining grafting densities, i.e., dry thickness measurements, gravimetric assessment, and swelling experiments. An estimation of the reliability of these determination methods is provided via carefully evaluating their assumptions and assessing the stability of the underpinning equations. A practical access guide for comparatively and quantitatively evaluating the reliability of a given approach is thus provided, enabling the field to critically judge experimentally determined grafting densities and to avoid the reporting of grafting densities that fall outside the physically realistic parameter space. The assessment is concluded with a perspective on the development of advanced approaches for determination of grafting density, in particular, on single-chain methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Michalek
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Xiong X, Xue L, Cui J. Phototriggered Growth and Detachment of Polymer Brushes with Wavelength Selectivity. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:239-243. [PMID: 35610900 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both phototriggered growth and removal of polymer chains from surfaces are efficient ways to finely tune interface properties. Combining these two capabilities in one system with independent control can significantly increase the feasibility of photoregulation on surface modification but has not been reported yet. Herein we describe a novel approach to control both the growth and the detachment of polymer brushes independently by light with different wavelengths. The approach is based on a nitrodopamine-based initiator (NO2-BDAM) which contains a catechol structure for surface modification, alkyl bromide group for radical polymerization, and o-nitrophenyl ethyl moiety for photolysis. When dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10) was applied together with NO2-BDAM as an initiating system, visible light (460 nm) can be used to trigger the site-specific growth of polymer brushes. Resulting polymer brushes can be selectively removed by UV light (360 nm). This method is suitable for different monomers on various substrates, suggesting a facile and robust method to regulate surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Xiong
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Lulu Xue
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
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24
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Bentz KC, Savin DA. Chain Dispersity Effects on Brush Properties of Surface-Grafted Polycaprolactone-Modified Silica Nanoparticles: Unique Scaling Behavior in the Concentrated Polymer Brush Regime. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Bentz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel A. Savin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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25
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Chmielarz P, Krys P, Wang Z, Wang Y, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of Well‐Defined Polymer Brushes from Silicon Wafers
via
Surface‐Initiated
se
ATRP. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Al. Powstanńców Warszawy 6 35‐959 Rzeszow Poland
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Pawel Krys
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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26
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Zuo B, Zhang S, Niu C, Zhou H, Sun S, Wang X. Grafting density dominant glass transition of dry polystyrene brushes. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2426-2436. [PMID: 28150841 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the grafting densities (σp), molecular weights (Mn) and thicknesses of dry polystyrene (PS) brushes on their glass transition temperature (T) were investigated by ellipsometry. The results show that T strongly depends on the grafting density of the PS brushes. The T of the PS brushes with σp > 0.30 increases with decreasing Mn (or brush thickness) and is mainly dominated by entropic effects, in which the grafted chains are highly extended along the film thickness direction resulting in a sharp reduction in configurational entropy. The T of PS brushes with σp < 0.30 decreases with decreasing Mn (or brush thickness) which is mainly dominated by surface effects. For intermediate-density brushes (σp = 0.30), T becomes independent of Mn or brush thickness. The reason for this grafting density dependence of T is attributed to the transition of the PS brush conformation from mushroom-to-brush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shuzheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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27
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Dübner M, Cadarso VJ, Gevrek TN, Sanyal A, Spencer ND, Padeste C. Reversible Light-Switching of Enzymatic Activity on Orthogonally Functionalized Polymer Brushes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9245-9249. [PMID: 28266210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Copolymer brushes, composed of glycidyl methacrylate and a furan-protected maleimide-containing monomer, were grafted from radical initiators at the surface of irradiation-activated fluoropolymer foils. After postpolymerization modification with enzymatically active microperoxidase-11 and photochromic spiropyran moieties, the polymer brushes catalyzed the oxidation of 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. Exposure to either UV or visible-light allowed switching the turnover by more than 1 order of magnitude, as consequence of the reversible, light-induced spiropyran-merocyanine transition. The modified samples were integrated into an optofluidic device that allowed the reversible switching of enzymatic activity for several cycles under flow, validating the potential for application in smart lab-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dübner
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tugce N Gevrek
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celestino Padeste
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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28
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Sun L, Akgun B, Narayanan S, Jiang Z, Foster MD. Surface Fluctuations of Polymer Brushes Swollen in Good Solvent Vapor. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Bulent Akgun
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mark D. Foster
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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30
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Understanding the effect of hydrophobic protecting blocks on the stability and biopassivity of polymer brushes in aqueous environments: A Tiramisù for cell-culture applications. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Varma S, Bureau L, Débarre D. The Conformation of Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes Probed by Optical Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3152-3163. [PMID: 26986181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a microscope-based optical setup that allows us to perform space- and time-resolved measurements of the spectral reflectance of transparent substrates coated with ultrathin films. This technique is applied to investigate the behavior in water of thermosensitive polymer brushes made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted on glass. We show that spectral reflectance measurements yield quantitative information about the conformation and axial structure of the brushes as a function of temperature. We study how parameters such as grafting density and chain length affect the hydration state of a brush, and provide one of the few experimental evidences for the occurrence of vertical phase separation in the vicinity of the lower critical solution temperature of the polymer. The origin of the hysteretic behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes upon cycling the temperature is also clarified. We thus demonstrate that our optical technique allows for in-depth characterization of stimuli-responsive polymer layers, which is crucial for the rational design of smart polymer coatings in actuation, gating, or sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Varma
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Bureau
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Débarre
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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32
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Khabibullin A, Bhangaonkar K, Mahoney C, Lu Z, Schmitt M, Sekizkardes AK, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Grafting PMMA Brushes from α-Alumina Nanoparticles via SI-ATRP. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5458-5465. [PMID: 26901494 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alumina nanoparticles are widely used as nanofillers for polymer nanocomposites. Among several different polymorphs of alumina, α-alumina has the most desirable combination of physical properties. Hence, the attachment of polymer chains to α-alumina to enhance compatibility in polymeric matrixes is an important goal. However, the chemical inertness and low concentration of surface hydroxyl groups have rendered polymer modification of α-alumina a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report that activation of α-alumina in concentrated or molten NaOH as well as in molten K2S2O7 increased polymer graft density up to 50%, thereby facilitating the synthesis of α-alumina brush particles with uniform grafting density of 0.05 nm(-2) that are readily miscible or dispersible in organic solvents or in chemically compatible polymeric hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khabibullin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Karan Bhangaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Clare Mahoney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Zhao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Ali Kemal Sekizkardes
- National Energy and Technology Lab (NETL), U.S. Department of Energy , 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15129, United States
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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