1
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Gao J, Zhang S, Du D. Alkynyl Acylazolium: a Versatile 1,3-Bielectrophilic 3C-Synthon in NHC-Organocatalysis. CHEM REC 2023:e202300046. [PMID: 36942970 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of modern organic synthesis especially in the asymmetric construction of various cyclic skeletons. As an emerging NHC-bound 1,3-bielectrophilic intermediate, alkynyl acylazolium has drawn substantial attention in recent years, and has been used as a versatile 3C-synthon in synthesizing valuable organic molecules since its discovery. In this review, focused on the different pathways for the formation of alkynyl acylazoliums from different precursors like alkynoic esters, alkynoic acids and ynals, the recent advances in the transformations and applications of alkynyl acylazoliums pioneered or developed over the last decade under NHC-catalysis were summarized comprehensively. At the same time, the outlook for further investigation and exploration of novel reaction modes for alkynyl acylazoliums in the future was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Simiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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2
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Ghosh A, Barik S, Shee S, Biju AT. Enantioselective synthesis of tetra-substituted tetralines and tetrahydro-indolizines by NHC-catalyzed azolium-enolate cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7794-7797. [PMID: 34268547 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NHC-catalyzed cascade reaction of enals with suitably substituted β-(hetero)aryl enones allowing the enantioselective synthesis of tetra-substituted tetralines and tetrahydro indolizines is presented. The catalytically generated chiral α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums from enals under oxidative conditions reacted in a Michael-Michael-lactonization sequence to form the tricyclic δ-lactone products bearing four contiguous stereocentres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Shilpa Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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3
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Duan XY, Tian Z, Liu B, He T, Zhao LL, Dong M, Zhang P, Qi J. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrroloindolones and Pyrroloquinolinones via an N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction. Org Lett 2021; 23:3777-3781. [PMID: 33891421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the NHC-catalyzed Michael/Mannich/lactamization cascade reaction of enals with either indole-2-carboxaldehyde-derived aldimines or indole-7-carboxaldehyde-derived aldimines is described. This protocol enables the rapid assembly of optically active pyrroloindolones and pyrroloquinolinones derivatives under mild conditions with high yields, excellent enantioselectivities, and a broad substrate scope.
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4
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Guo J, Wei C, Gong M, Fu Z. Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of γ-Keto-β-silyl Esters and Amides. Org Lett 2020; 22:9545-9550. [PMID: 33300797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A variety of γ-keto-β-silyl esters and amides, most with extremely high enantioselectivities, were efficiently prepared via a carbene-catalyzed formal [4 + 2] annulation followed by ring opening with nucleophiles. The resulting compounds from this one-pot strategy can be easily converted into enantioenriched β,σ-dihydroxyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chenlong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Minghua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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5
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Wu YT, Zhang R, Duan XY, Yu HF, Sun BY, Qi J. Access to dihydropyrano[3,2- b]pyrrol-5-ones skeletons by N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3+3] annulations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9854-9857. [PMID: 32840527 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04661b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient NHC-catalyzed [3+3] annulation of enals with pyrrol-4-ones was developed, thus providing the dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-one core structures with broad scope and good to excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, this strategy could also expand to the synthesis of axially chiral compounds and polysubstituted indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Yong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
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6
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Chen X, Wang H, Jin Z, Chi YR. N
‐Heterocyclic
Carbene Organocatalysis: Activation Modes and Typical Reactive Intermediates. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingkuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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7
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Li T, Wang J, Xu J, Jin J, Chi YR, Jin Z. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrole Derivatives Bearing Tetrasubstituted Chirality Centers through Carbene Catalyzed Cascade Reactions. Org Lett 2019; 22:326-330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jilan Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiamiao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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8
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Shu C, Liu H, Slawin AMZ, Carpenter-Warren C, Smith AD. Isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective Michael addition of N-heterocyclic pronucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated aryl esters. Chem Sci 2019; 11:241-247. [PMID: 34040717 PMCID: PMC8133005 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective Michael addition of 3-aryloxindole and 4-substituted-dihydropyrazol-3-one pronucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated p-nitrophenyl esters is reported. This process generates products containing two contiguous stereocentres, one quaternary, in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (>30 examples, up to > 95 : 5 dr and 99 : 1 er). This protocol harnesses the multifunctional ability of p-nitrophenoxide to promote effective catalysis. In contrast to previous methodologies using tertiary amine Lewis bases, in which the pronucleophile was used as the solvent, this work allows bespoke pronucleophiles to be used in stoichiometric quantities. The isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective Michael addition of 3-aryloxindole and 4-substituted-dihydropyrazol-3-one pronucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated p-nitrophenyl esters is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Honglei Liu
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Cameron Carpenter-Warren
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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9
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Liu B, Luo G, Wang H, Hao L, Yang S, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene‐Catalyzed Direct Functionalization of the β‐sp
3
‐Carbon Atoms of α‐Chloroaldehydes. Chemistry 2019; 25:12719-12723. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Guoyong Luo
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Hongling Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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10
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Mondal S, Yetra SR, Mukherjee S, Biju AT. NHC-Catalyzed Generation of α,β-Unsaturated Acylazoliums for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Heterocycles and Carbocycles. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:425-436. [PMID: 30653296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Account is aimed at highlighting the recent developments in the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed generation of α,β-unsaturated acylazolium intermediates and their subsequent reactivity with (bis)nucleophiles thereby shedding light on the power of this NHC-bound intermediate in organocatalysis. This key intermediate can be generated by the addition of NHCs to α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or acid derivatives. A wide variety of bisnucleophiles can add across the α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums to form various five and six-membered heterocycles and carbocycles. Moreover, suitably substituted nucleophiles can add to this intermediate and result in valuable products following cascade processes. Employing chiral NHCs in the process can result in the enantioselective synthesis of valuable compounds. In 2013, we developed a unified strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of dihydropyranones and dihydropyridinones by the NHC-catalyzed formal [3 + 3] annulation of 2-bromoenals with readily available 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds or primary vinylogous amides. This reaction takes place under mild conditions with low catalyst loading. Interestingly, employing enolizable aldehydes as the bisnucleophiles in this annulation afforded chiral 4,5-disubstituted dihydropyranones in spite of the competing benzoin/Stetter pathways. Moreover, the use of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds such as 4-hydroxy coumarin/pyrazolone afforded the coumarin/pyrazole-fused dihydropyranones. In addition, a [3 + 2] annulation for the synthesis of spiro γ-butyrolactones was demonstrated using 3-hydroxy oxindoles as the bisnucleophile. The interception of α,β-unsaturated acylazolium intermediates with malonic ester derivatives having a γ-benzoyl group resulted in the enantioselective synthesis of functionalized cyclopentenes via a cascade process involving a Michael-intramolecular aldol-β-lactonization-decarboxylation sequence. The use of cyclic β-ketoamides as the coupling partner for catalytically generated α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums resulted in the enantioselective synthesis of spiro-glutarimide and the reaction proceeds in a Michael addition-intramolecular amidation pathway. We have recently demonstrated the enantioselective synthesis of tricyclic δ-lactones with three contiguous stereocenters by the reaction of enals with dinitrotoluene derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing groups, under oxidative conditions. This atom-economic cascade reaction proceeds in a Michael/Michael/lactonization sequence tolerating a range of functional groups. This technique was also used for the N-H functionalization of indoles for the enantioselective synthesis of pyrroloquinolines following the aza-Michael/Michael/lactonization sequence. The use of α-arylidene pyrazolinones as the bisnucleophiles for the tandem generation of dienolate/enolates combined with the NHC-catalyzed generation of α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums resulted in the enantioselective synthesis of pyrazolone-fused spirocyclohexadienones. This formal [3 + 3] annulation proceeds via the vinylogous Michael/spiroannulation/dehydrogenation sequence to afford spirocyclic compounds with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. It is reasonable to believe that the chemistry of α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums, catalytically generated through NHCs, will continue to flourish and will lead to amazing results. Future challenges in this area include the applications of this key intermediate in the synthesis of biologically active natural products and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santigopal Mondal
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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11
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Mondal S, Ghosh A, Mukherjee S, Biju AT. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro-glutarimides via α,β-Unsaturated Acylazoliums. Org Lett 2018; 20:4499-4503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santigopal Mondal
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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12
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Greenhalgh MD, Qu S, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Multiple roles of aryloxide leaving groups in enantioselective annulations employing α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium catalysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4909-4918. [PMID: 29910944 PMCID: PMC5982221 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An isothiourea-catalysed Michael addition-annulation process using β-fluoroalkyl-substituted α,β-unsaturated aryl esters and a range of 2-acylbenzazoles is reported for the enantioselective synthesis of dihydropyranone and dihydropyridinone products bearing polyfluorinated stereocenters (29 examples, up to 98% yield, >99 : 1 er). The choice of aryl group of the aryl ester proved essential in determining reaction enantioselectivity and dihydropyranone : dihydropyridinone product selectivity. The aryloxide leaving group is shown to play a number of essential additional roles, operating (i) as a Brønsted base, circumventing the need for an auxiliary base; and (ii) as a Lewis base to catalyse the isomerisation of dihydropyranone products into thermodynamically-favoured dihydropyridinones. After optimisation, this isomerisation process was exploited for the selective synthesis of dihydropyridinone products using acylbenzothiazoles, and either dihydropyranone or dihydropyridinone products using acylbenzoxazoles. Finally, the phenol derivative, produced following protonation of the aryloxide, is proposed to act as a Brønsted acid, which promotes an isothiourea-catalysed kinetic resolution of benzoxazole-derived dihydropyranones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Shen Qu
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
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13
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh A, Marelli UK, Biju AT. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Michael–Michael–Lactonization Cascade for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Tricyclic δ-Lactones. Org Lett 2018; 20:2952-2955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Mukherjee
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Udaya Kiran Marelli
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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14
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Chen XY, Li S, Vetica F, Kumar M, Enders D. N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Catalyzed Domino Reactions via Two or More Activation Modes. iScience 2018; 2:1-26. [PMID: 30428366 PMCID: PMC6135926 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organocatalytic domino processes have become a rapidly growing area of research. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as powerful organocatalysts for various transformations and continue to have widespread application. In the last decade, domino reactions catalyzed by NHCs have seen significant progress since the different activation modes could be successfully combined in one process. The most attractive features of these domino sequences include the readily available catalysts and substrates, the simple operational procedures, and the rapid assembly of complex molecular scaffolds with excellent levels of stereocontrol under mild reaction conditions. This review covers the advances in NHC-catalyzed domino reactions by focusing on the reaction scope, limitations, and mechanism with a close attention to the features of the reaction substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Chen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sun Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Wang H, Chen X, Li Y, Wang J, Wu S, Xue W, Yang S, Chi YR. Addition of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst to Aryl Esters Induces Remote C–Si Bond Activation and Benzylic Carbon Functionalization. Org Lett 2017; 20:333-336. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Wang
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingkuan Chen
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Yongjia Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Jilan Wang
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory
Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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16
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Liu B, Wang W, Huang R, Yan J, Wu J, Xue W, Yang S, Jin Z, Chi YR. Direct Activation of β-sp 3-Carbons of Saturated Carboxylic Esters as Electrophilic Carbons via Oxidative Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2017; 20:260-263. [PMID: 29239615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed oxidative LUMO activation of the β-cabons of saturated carboxylic esters is disclosed. This approach allows for efficient asymmetric access to lactams and lactones by directly installing functional groups to the typically inert β-sp3 carbons of saturated esters. The use of HOBt as an additive was found to significantly improve both yields and enantioselectivities of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruoyan Huang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiekuan Yan
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jichang Wu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
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17
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Wang Y, Wei D, Zhang W. Recent Advances on Computational Investigations ofN-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Cycloaddition/Annulation Reactions: Mechanism and Origin of Selectivities. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
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18
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Cao J, Sun K, Dong S, Lu T, Dong Y, Du D. Esters as Alkynyl Acyl Ammonium and Azolium Precursors: A Formal [2 + 3] Annulation with Amidomalonates via Lewis Base/Lewis Acid Cooperative Catalysis. Org Lett 2017; 19:6724-6727. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Kewen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shuding Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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19
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Matviitsuk A, Greenhalgh MD, Antúnez DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Aryloxide-Facilitated Catalyst Turnover in Enantioselective α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Ammonium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12282-12287. [PMID: 28791763 PMCID: PMC5638104 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new general concept for α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium catalysis is reported that uses p-nitrophenoxide release from an α,β-unsaturated p-nitrophenyl ester substrate to facilitate catalyst turnover. This method was used for the enantioselective isothiourea-catalyzed Michael addition of nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated p-nitrophenyl esters in generally good yield and with excellent enantioselectivity (27 examples, up to 79 % yield, 99:1 er). Mechanistic studies identified rapid and reversible catalyst acylation by the α,β-unsaturated p-nitrophenyl ester, and a recently reported variable-time normalization kinetic analysis method was used to delineate the complex reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Matviitsuk
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Mark D. Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | | | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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20
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Matviitsuk A, Greenhalgh MD, Antúnez DJB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Aryloxide-Facilitated Catalyst Turnover in Enantioselective α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Ammonium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Matviitsuk
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Mark D. Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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21
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Neyyappadath RM, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. 6-exo-trig Michael addition-lactonizations for catalytic enantioselective chromenone synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2555-2558. [PMID: 28133660 PMCID: PMC5358503 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10178j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective 6-exo-trig Michael addition-lactonization of enone-acid substrates to form cis-chromenones with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol was developed using the commercially available isothiourea tetramisole. An acidic workup proved necessary to minimize product epimerization and maximize product er, providing cis-chromenones in excellent yield, and with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifahath M Neyyappadath
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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22
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Yuan H, Gao H, Liu K, Liu Z, Wang J, Li W. Cycloadduct formation of α,β-unsaturated esters with azides catalyzed by NHC systems. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9066-9070. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NHC-catalyzed cycloadduct formation of α,β-unsaturated esters with azides has been developed. This strategy could generate 1,2,3-triazoles and dihydropyrazoles with high yields and regioselectivities. The broad substrate scope and mechanistic survey of this process are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
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23
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Levens A, Ametovski A, Lupton DW. Enantioselective (4+2) Annulation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclobutanes by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16136-16140. [PMID: 27891746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the enantioselective (4+2) annulation of donor-acceptor cyclobutanes and unsaturated acyl fluorides using N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. The reaction allows a 3-step synthesis of cyclohexyl β-lactones (25 examples) in excellent chemical yield (most ≥90 %) and stereochemical integrity (all >20:1 d.r., most ≥97:3 e.r.). Mechanistic studies support ester enolate Claisen rearrangement, while derivatizations provide functionalized cyclohexenes and dihydroquinolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Levens
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Ametovski
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Levens A, Ametovski A, Lupton DW. Enantioselective (4+2) Annulation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclobutanes by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Levens
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Adam Ametovski
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - David W. Lupton
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
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25
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Dong S, Fang C, Tang W, Lu T, Du D. Alkynyl Acylammoniums as Electrophilic 3C Synthons in a Formal [3 + 3] Annulation: Access to Functionalized 4H-Pyran-4-ones. Org Lett 2016; 18:3882-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuding Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weifang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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