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Ren J, Opoku H, Tang S, Edman L, Wang J. Carbon Dots: A Review with Focus on Sustainability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405472. [PMID: 39023174 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials with attractive optical properties, which promise to enable a variety of applications. An important and timely question is whether CDs can become a functional and sustainable alternative to incumbent optical nanomaterials, notably inorganic quantum dots. Herein, the current CD literature is comprehensively reviewed as regards to their synthesis and function, with a focus on sustainability aspects. The study quantifies why it is attractive that CDs can be synthesized with biomass as the sole starting material and be free from toxic and precious metals and critical raw materials. It further describes and analyzes employed pretreatment, chemical-conversion, purification, and processing procedures, and highlights current issues with the usage of solvents, the energy and material efficiency, and the safety and waste management. It is specially shown that many reported synthesis and processing methods are concerningly wasteful with the utilization of non-sustainable solvents and energy. It is finally recommended that future studies should explicitly consider and discuss the environmental influence of the selected starting material, solvents, and generated byproducts, and that quantitative information on the required amounts of solvents, consumables, and energy should be provided to enable an evaluation of the presented methods in an upscaled sustainability context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Ren
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Henry Opoku
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Shi Tang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
- LunaLEC AB, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Edman
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
- LunaLEC AB, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Jia Wang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
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Kaur A, Kaur M, Vyas P. Abatement of microbes and organic pollutants using heterostructural nanocomposites of rice straw CQDs with substituted strontium ferrite. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142310. [PMID: 38761820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable use of agricultural waste still remains a challenging task. Herein, we used rice straw as a carbon precursor to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for photocatalytic applications. Nanocomposites of CQDs with Ti4+ and Mg2+ substituted strontium ferrite (Sr0·4Ti0·4Mg0·2Fe2O4.4) nanoparticles (NPs) in varying w:w ratio was synthesized by ultrasonication method. The successful formation of nanocomposites was confirmed by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of NPs, CQDs and nanocomposites was comparatively evaluated using tetracycline hydrochloride, azure B, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as model pollutants. The CQDs-Sr0.4Ti0·4Mg0·2Fe2O4.4 nanocomposite with a w:w ratio of 2:1 showed excellent photocatalytic and antibacterial activity, with the degradation and inactivation efficiency ranging from 97.1% to 99.0% in presence of visible light. The increased specific surface area (117.2 m2/g), and reduction in band gap (2.48 eV-2.09 eV) and decreased photoluminescence intensity of nanocomposites all corroborated these results. The impacting experimental parameters such as catalyst dose, pH and contact time were also examined. Quenching experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) radicals and holes (h+) played a vital role in the degradation of pollutants. The kinetics of photodegradation was explained by using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Box-Behnken statistical modelling was used to optimize photocatalytic parameters. Results indicated that the nanocomposite of CQDs with Sr0·4Ti0·4Mg0·2Fe2O4.4 can serve as a promising photocatalyst for the removal of pollutants and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaypal Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Pratibha Vyas
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, India
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Zhao Z, Li H, Gao X. Microwave Encounters Ionic Liquid: Synergistic Mechanism, Synthesis and Emerging Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2651-2698. [PMID: 38157216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Progress in microwave (MW) energy application technology has stimulated remarkable advances in manufacturing and high-quality applications of ionic liquids (ILs) that are generally used as novel media in chemical engineering. This Review focuses on an emerging technology via the combination of MW energy and the usage of ILs, termed microwave-assisted ionic liquid (MAIL) technology. In comparison to conventional routes that rely on heat transfer through media, the contactless and unique MW heating exploits the electromagnetic wave-ions interactions to deliver energy to IL molecules, accelerating the process of material synthesis, catalytic reactions, and so on. In addition to the inherent advantages of ILs, including outstanding solubility, and well-tuned thermophysical properties, MAIL technology has exhibited great potential in process intensification to meet the requirement of efficient, economic chemical production. Here we start with an introduction to principles of MW heating, highlighting fundamental mechanisms of MW induced process intensification based on ILs. Next, the synergies of MW energy and ILs employed in materials synthesis, as well as their merits, are documented. The emerging applications of MAIL technologies are summarized in the next sections, involving tumor therapy, organic catalysis, separations, and bioconversions. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of this emerging technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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Singh Y, Sharma S, Kumar U, Sihag P, Balyan P, Singh KP, Dhankher OP. Strategies for economic utilization of rice straw residues into value-added by-products and prevention of environmental pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167714. [PMID: 37832665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw management, along with the prevalent practice of residue burning, poses multifaceted challenges with substantial environmental and human health implications. After harvest, a considerable amount of straw is left behind, often disposed of through burning, releasing several pollutants into the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) dominates at 70%, accompanied by methane (CH4) at 0.66%, carbon monoxide (CO) at 7%, and nitrous oxide (N2O) at 2.09%. This process further compounds issues by depleting soil nutrients like nitrogen and organic matter. This review focuses on strategies for residue management and using straw as value-added by-products. We address research gaps and offer potential recommendations for rice straw management using economically feasible and practical routes. We elaborate that to improve rice straw digestibility, utilization in mushroom cultivation, and other value-added products, low silica (Si) rice varieties must be developed using modern technologies including marker-assisted selection breeding or genome editing. Developing low Si rice could also reduce arsenic uptake by rice, as rice plants use the same transporters for the uptake of both elements. Conversely, silica is also indispensable for quality rice production; hence, optimizing silicon content in rice is worth investigating. More research is required to understand the extent of silicon's effect on the utilization of straw for various purposes. This review also discusses the importance of educating farmers about the straw burning issue and its environmental consequences. We highlight the significance of tailoring rice straw management methods to local suitability, moving away from a universal approach. More extension work is needed to encourage farmers to opt for environmentally and economically sound options for rice straw management. Policy intervention to incentivize farmers and develop technologies for the widespread use of rice straw for various industries and product development could help in the management of rice straw and will also create a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Sudhir Sharma
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India; Department of Plant Science, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly-243006, India.
| | - Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri P.G. College, CCS University Meerut, 250001, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India; Vice-Chancellor's Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243001, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Gurung S, Neha, Arun N, Joshi M, Jaiswal T, Pathak AP, Das P, Singh AK, Tripathi A, Tiwari A. Dual metal ion (Fe 3+ and As 3+) sensing and cell bioimaging using fluorescent carbon quantum dots synthesised from Cynodon dactylon. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139638. [PMID: 37524264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, water dispersible fluorescent carbon quantum dot (CQD) has been synthesised, having an average size of 8.6 ± 0.4 nm using Cynodon dactylon (CD) following microwave assisted green synthetic one-step method. As-prepared CQD fluoresces strongly at 444 nm having a quantum yield of 1% in water when excited at 350 nm. This fluorescence of CQD is sensitive toward As3+ and Fe3+ metal ions. These CQD are utilized for dual metal ion fluorescence sensing; turn-on fluorescence sensing for As3+ and turn-off fluorescence sensing for Fe3+ ions. Limit of detection for As3+ and Fe3+ ions has been found to be 19 nM and 0.10 μM respectively, which is the lowest value reported for As3+ without any functionalization. The adsorption kinetics of As3+ and Fe3+ ions on CQD have been examined using pseudo-first-order-kinetic model revealing that physical adsorption is dominant over chemical processes in this work. For 0.41 g/L and 1.90 g/L dose of CQD, the equilibrium adsorption capacity was found to be 1.57 × 10-6 mg/g, 2.91 × 10-7 mg/g, and 1.01 × 10-5 mg/g, 1.69 × 10-6 mg/g respectively for As3+ and Fe3+ ions. Despite having low quantum yield in water, as-prepared CQD showed low cytotoxicity and good tolerance against photodegradation of biological cells at concentrations lower than 62.5 μg/mL and when the cells are illuminated up to 12 h. Owing to this, the synthesised CQD have been utilized as fluorescent probes for in itro cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Gurung
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, India
| | - Neha
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nimmala Arun
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Mayank Joshi
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tanya Jaiswal
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anand P Pathak
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Ajay Tripathi
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, India.
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Zhang R, Gao H, Wang Y, He B, Lu J, Zhu W, Peng L, Wang Y. Challenges and perspectives of green-like lignocellulose pretreatments selectable for low-cost biofuels and high-value bioproduction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128315. [PMID: 36414143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose represents the most abundant carbon-capturing substance that is convertible for biofuels and bioproduction. Although biomass pretreatments have been broadly applied to reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance for enhanced enzymatic saccharification, they mostly require strong conditions with potential secondary waste release. By classifying all major types of pretreatments that have been recently conducted with different sources of lignocellulose substrates, this study sorted out their distinct roles for wall polymer extraction and destruction, leading to the optimal pretreatments evaluated for cost-effective biomass enzymatic saccharification to maximize biofuel production. Notably, all undigestible lignocellulose residues are also aimed for effective conversion into value-added bioproduction. Meanwhile, desired pretreatments were proposed for the generation of highly-valuable nanomaterials such as cellulose nanocrystals, lignin nanoparticles, functional wood, carbon dots, porous and graphitic nanocarbons. Therefore, this article has proposed a novel strategy that integrates cost-effective and green-like pretreatments with desirable lignocellulose substrates for a full lignocellulose utilization with zero-biomass-waste liberation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441003, China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hairong Gao
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441003, China
| | - Yongtai Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441003, China
| | - Boyang He
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441003, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441003, China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- Center of Biomass Engineering, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441003, China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441003, China.
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7
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Song X, Zhao S, Xu Y, Chen X, Wang S, Zhao P, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. Preparation, Properties, and Application of Lignocellulosic-Based Fluorescent Carbon Dots. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102486. [PMID: 35199466 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon material with excellent performance and widespread application. As the most readily available and widely distributed biomass resource, lignocellulosics are a renewable bioresource with great potential. Research into the preparation of CDs with lignocellulose (LC-CDs) has become the focus of numerous researchers. Compared with other carbon sources, lignocellulose is low cost, rich in structural variety, exhibits excellent biocompatibility,[1] and the structures of CDs prepared by lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are similar. This Review summarized research progress in the preparation of CDs from lignocellulosics in recent years and reviewed traditional and new preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, optical properties, and applications of LC-CDs, providing guidance for the formation and improvement of LC-CDs. In addition, the challenges of synthesizing LC-CDs were also highlighted, including the interaction of different lignocellulose components on the formation of LC-CDs and the nucleation and growth mechanism of LC-CDs; from this, current trends and opportunities of LC-CDs were examined, and some research methods for future research were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Song
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Siyu Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Peitao Zhao
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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M P A, Pardhiya S, Rajamani P. Carbon Dots: An Excellent Fluorescent Probe for Contaminant Sensing and Remediation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105579. [PMID: 35001502 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution-induced degradation of the environment is a serious problem for both developing and developed countries. Existing remediation methods are restricted, necessitating the development of novel remediation technologies. Nanomaterials with unique characteristics have recently been developed for remediation. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles (1-10 nm) with optical and electrical characteristics that differ from bigger particles owing to quantum mechanics, making them intriguing for sensing and remediation applications. Carbon dots (CDs) offer better characteristics than typical QDs, such as, CdSe QDs in terms of contaminant sensing and remediation. Non-toxicity, chemical inertness, photo-induced electron transfer, good biocompatibility, and adjustable photoluminescence behavior are all characteristics of CDs. CDs are frequently made from sustainable raw materials as they are cost-effective, environmentally compactable, and excellent in reducing waste generation. The goal of this review article is to briefly describe CDs fabrication methods, to deeply investigate the criteria and properties of CDs that make them suitable for sensing and remediation of contaminants, and also to highlight recent advances in their use in sensing and remediation of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith M P
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sonali Pardhiya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Carbon dots derived from flax straw for highly sensitive and selective detections of cobalt, chromium, and ascorbic acid. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:96-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Ajith MP, Priyadarshini E, Rajamani P. Effective and selective removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents using sustainable Si-CD conjugate based column chromatography. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123786. [PMID: 32673782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the green synthesis of aqueous-stable and highly fluorescent carbon dots (CD) by hydrothermal treatment of tender leaf extract of Ficus benghalensis. The synthesized CD was characterized. Carbon dots were of an average size of 2.28 nm with a blue-green fluorescence emission at 317 nm and showed high selectivity and specificity for iron and nickel amongst the different tested heavy metals with a LOD of 0.0015 μmol/mL and 0.000014 μmol/mL respectively. Further, we functionalized silica with the prepared carbon dot to generate an adsorbent for purification of contaminated water. A short bed adsorbed column system was designed for determining the efficiency of adsorption. As envisioned approximately, 77% and 74% removal of Fe and Ni was observed when the metal salts were eluted individually. Purification efficacy was analysed using an industrial electroplating effluent, which showed adsorption of 74% and 79% for Fe and Ni respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ajith
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Eepsita Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Díaz-Álvarez M, Martín-Esteban A. Fluorescent carbonaceous materials isolated from cigarette ashes for the determination of iron(iii) in water samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3523-3529. [PMID: 32672267 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, ready-to-use fluorescent carbonaceous materials (CMs) were isolated from cigarette ashes by following a simple procedure based on the dispersion of ashes in water and subsequent filtration. The isolated raw material was characterized by fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The isolated CMs displayed excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, which enables them to be used as a fluorescent probe. The developed fluorescent probe possesses high potential for sensitive and selective detection of Fe(iii) via a quenching mechanism. The decrease in fluorescence intensity was in linear relationship with the concentrations of Fe(iii) within the range of 0-89.6 μM. The fluorescent probe was successfully applied to the determination of Fe(iii) in tap and well waters with an average recovery of 87% with an excellent relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.63%, regardless of the water sample analyzed. Besides, fluorescence variation in the presence of Fe(iii) was evaluated by analyzing red, green, and blue (RGB) channels of the fluorescence colors. Finally, the possibility of semi-quantitative determination of Fe(iii) in water by the naked eye using the proposed fluorescent probe was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Díaz-Álvarez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA, Carretera de A Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martín-Esteban
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA, Carretera de A Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Tejwan N, Saha SK, Das J. Multifaceted applications of green carbon dots synthesized from renewable sources. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 275:102046. [PMID: 31757388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials in the carbon family. There are various inexpensive and renewable resources that can be used to synthesize green CDs, which have received immense attention from researchers because of their improved aqueous solubility, high biocompatibility, and eco-friendly nature compared with chemically derived CDs. Additional surface passivation is not required, as heteroatoms are present on the surface of green CDs in the form of amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, or thiol functional groups, which can improve their physicochemical properties, quantum yield, and the probability of visible light absorption. Green CDs have potential applications in the fields of bioimaging, drug/gene delivery systems, catalysis, and sensing. Since their discovery, there have been several review articles that describe the synthesis of green CDs and some of their applications. However, there are no review articles describing the synthesis and complete applications of green CDs. Here, we provide detailed information regarding their synthesis and applications based on the available literature. In addition, we discuss some of the less explored applications of green CDs and the challenges that remain to be overcome.
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Thangaraj B, Solomon PR, Ranganathan S. Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots with Special Reference to Biomass as a Source - A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1455-1476. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190618154518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have received much attention due to their extraordinary optical application in
medical diagnostics, optoelectronics and in energy storage devices. The most conventional QDs are based on
semiconductors that comprise heavy metals whose applications are limited due to toxicity and potential environmental
hazard. Of late, researchers are focusing on carbon-based quantum dots, which have recently emerged as a
new family of zero-dimensional nanostructured materials. They are spherical in shape with a size below 10 nm
and exhibit excitation-wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (PL). Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have
unique optical, photoluminescence and electrochemical properties. They are environment-friendly with low toxicity
as compared to toxic heavy metal quantum dots. Generally, CQDs are derived from chemical precursor materials,
but recently researchers have focused their attention on the production of CQDs from waste biomass materials
due to the economic and environmental exigency. In this review, recent advances in the synthesis of CQDs
from waste biomass materials, functionalization and modulation of CQDs and their potential application of biosensing
are focused. This review also brings out some challenges and future perspectives for developing smart
biosensing gadgets based on CQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang -212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pravin R. Solomon
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA-Deemed University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang Y, Hou Q, Ju M, Li W. New Developments in Material Preparation Using a Combination of Ionic Liquids and Microwave Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040647. [PMID: 31013641 PMCID: PMC6523822 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During recent years, synthetic methods combining microwaves and ionic liquids became accepted as a promising methodology for various materials preparations because of their high efficiency and low energy consumption. Ionic liquids with high polarity are heated rapidly, volumetrically and simultaneously under microwave irradiation. Hence, combination of microwave irradiation as a heating source with ionic liquids with various roles (e.g., solvent, additive, template or reactant) opened a completely new technique in the last twenty years for nanomaterials and polymers preparation for applications in various materials science fields including polymer science. This review summarizes recent developments of some common materials syntheses using microwave-assisted ionic liquid method with a focus on inorganic nanomaterials, polymers, carbon-derived composites and biomass-based composites. After that, the mechanisms involved in microwave-assisted ionic-liquid (MAIL) are discussed briefly. This review also highlights the role of ionic liquids in the reaction and crucial issues that should be addressed in future research involving this synthesis technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Qidong Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Meiting Ju
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Weizun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Jayaweera S, Yin K, Hu X, Ng WJ. Facile preparation of fluorescent carbon dots for label-free detection of Fe3+. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chen T, Xu Y, Wang L, Jiang W, Jiang W, Xie Z. Room-Temperature Ionic-Liquid-Assisted Microwave Preparation of Tunable Photoluminescent Copper-Indium-Zinc-Sulfide Quantum Dots. Chemistry 2018; 24:16407-16417. [PMID: 30136426 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach towards photoluminescent (PL) Cu-In-Zn-S quantum dots (CIZS QDs) has been developed, comprising microwave treatment with the assist of room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). Because of its high polarizability, RTIL served as a microwave absorbent, which resulted in the increase of the instantaneous nucleation rate and the rapid synthesis of CIZS QDs at low temperature. Moreover, the surface decoration of QDs with RTIL can passivate the surface defects greatly. The PL intensity of the CIZS QDs depends on the anion species, alkyl chain length of the RTIL, and the metal element ratios of the QDs. On the basis of the variable PL peak position and extended luminescence lifetime of the CIZS QDs, the superior emission behavior of the QDs was confirmed by surface etching with fluoride produced by the hydrolysis of RTIL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4 ). Moreover, the intermediate alkyl chain length of the RTIL can avoid aggregation, which results in the construction of CIZS QDs with homogenous size distribution. The shape-controlled CIZS QDs show a broadened tunable emission peak from 677 to 579 nm compared with that of QDs prepared by a conventional one-pot method by mixing the raw materials. CIZS QDs also exhibit a high quantum yield (QY) of 24.1 % after coating with a ZnS shell. This method is expected to be a useful technique for the rapid synthesis of multiple QDs with a wider range of emission wavelengths and higher QY for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333001, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiao Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333001, P. R. China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333001, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weihui Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333001, P. R. China
| | - Wan Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333001, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Xie
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333001, P. R. China
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Lu M, Duan Y, Song Y, Tan J, Zhou L. Green preparation of versatile nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from watermelon juice for cell imaging, detection of Fe3+ ions and cysteine, and optical thermometry. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Ionic liquid-capped graphene quantum dots as label-free fluorescent probe for direct detection of ferricyanide. Talanta 2017; 165:429-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Devi P, Kaur G, Thakur A, Kaur N, Grewal A, Kumar P. Waste derivitized blue luminescent carbon quantum dots for selenite sensing in water. Talanta 2017; 170:49-55. [PMID: 28501201 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an environmental friendly, facile, and completely green synthetic method for producing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from whey, a major dairy waste. The as-prepared monodispersed diameter CQDs exhibit blue luminescence with noteworthy quantum yield (~11.4%) and excitation dependent emission behaviour. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis reveals the presence of aromatized carbon peaks, leading to polymerized CQDs diameter architecture during whey pyrolysis. The X-ray and selected area electron diffraction patterns confirm their amorphous nature. Further, we demonstrate, these CQDs as an effective sensor probe for selective selenite monitoring in water upon functionalization with appropriate ligand. The functionalized GCQDs probe is shown to detect selenite with high sensitivity in 10-1000ppb detection range. Further it is selective for selenite over other relevant ions (such as Cu2+, As3+, As5+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Se6+, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, NO2- and F-) and displays a sub-ppb detection limit at 1.1% relative standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Devi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India; Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh 160030, India.
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Anupma Thakur
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anita Grewal
- University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh 160030, India
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Ye Q, Yan F, Luo Y, Wang Y, Zhou X, Chen L. Formation of N, S-codoped fluorescent carbon dots from biomass and their application for the selective detection of mercury and iron ion. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:854-862. [PMID: 27816885 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is regarded as an excellent candidate for the preparation of heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials. We have developed a simple and facile one-pot synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur codoped fluorescent carbon dots from pigeon feathers, egg and manure via the pyrolysis carbonization method. The as-prepared four PCDs have high fluorescence quantum yield about 24.87% (PCDs-f), 17.48% (PCDs-w), 16.34% (PCDs-y), 33.50% (PCDs-m), respectively, which is higher than the other carbon dots preparing from biomass. We found that the preparation of PCDs-m with pigeon manure has no favourable selectively with heavy metal ions. However, other PCDs exhibit highly sensitive and selective detection behavior of Hg2+/Fe3+ ions with a low detection limit of 10.3 and 60.9nM. They were applied to imaging of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, showing low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Fanyong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Yunmei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Lin YL, Sung R, Sung K. Bis(rhodamine)-based polyether type of turn-on fluorescent sensors: selectively sensing Fe(III). Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Liu S, Liu R, Xing X, Yang C, Xu Y, Wu D. Highly photoluminescent nitrogen-rich carbon dots from melamine and citric acid for the selective detection of iron(iii) ion. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26521e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydrothermal strategy towards nitrogen-rich carbon dots with a high quantum yield of ∼42% has been successfully developed by using melamine and citric acid as the precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Ruili Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- National Engineering Lab for TFT-LCD Materials and Technologies
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Xia Xing
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Chongqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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