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Kumari P, Lather V, Khatri S, Ahlawat P, Sehrawat H, Khatkar SP, Taxak VB, Kumar R. Computational analysis, Urbach energy and Judd-Ofelt parameter of warm Sm 3+ complexes having applications in photovoltaic and display devices. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35827-35848. [PMID: 36545065 PMCID: PMC9753104 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, six reddish orange Sm3+ complexes were synthesized using organic ligand (L) and secondary ligands having hetero atoms by a one-step significant liquid-assisted grinding method and were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The Urbach energy and band gap energy of the complexes were inspected by a linear fit. Using a least square fitting method, the Judd-Ofelt parameter and radiative properties were also determined. Thermal analysis, colorimetric analysis, luminescence decay time and anti-microbial properties of complexes were studied. The luminescence emission spectra of binary and ternary complexes displayed three characteristic peaks at 565, 603 and 650 nm in the powder form and four peaks at 563, 605, 646 and 703 nm in a solution phase due to 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 4G5/2 → 6H7/2, 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 and 4G5/2 → 6H11/2 transitions respectively. The most intense transition in the solid phase (4G5/2 → 6H7/2) is accountable for orange color, and in the solution form, the highly luminescent peak (4G5/2 → 6H9/2) is responsible for reddish orange color of Sm3+ complexes. PXRD and SEM analyses suggested that the complexes possess a nanoparticle grain size with crystalline nature. The decent optoelectrical properties of title complexes in the orangish-red visible domain indicated possible applications in the manufacturing of display and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kumari
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India +91 9034070027
| | - Vaishnavi Lather
- Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Dehradun 248001 India
| | - Savita Khatri
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India +91 9034070027
| | - Pratibha Ahlawat
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India +91 9034070027
| | - Harkesh Sehrawat
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India +91 9034070027
| | - S P Khatkar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India
| | - V B Taxak
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India +91 9034070027
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Xing Y, Wang J, Kinder CES, Yang X, Slaný M, Wang B, Song H, Shaheen SM, Leinweber P, Rinklebe J. Rice hull biochar enhances the mobilization and methylation of mercury in a soil under changing redox conditions: Implication for Hg risks management in paddy fields. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107484. [PMID: 36049376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendment to paddy soils was promising to mitigate mercury (Hg) accumulation in rice; thus, it was applied to reduce human Hg exposure via rice consumption. However, how biochar affects Hg mobilization and MeHg formation in soil under changed redox potential (Eh) conditions remained unknown. Here, we explored the change of dissolved total Hg (DTHg) and dissolved MeHg (DMeHg), and their controlling biogeochemical factors in a soil with(out) biochar amendment under changing Eh conditions using biogeochemical microcosm. Biochar amendment resulted in a widen Eh range (-300 to 400 mV) compared to the control (-250 to 350 mV), demonstrating that biochar promoted reduction-oxidization reactions in soil. Biochar amendment enhanced Hg mobilization by mediating reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn (hydr)oxides. Thus, the increased Hg availability promoted MeHg formation in the soils. Biochar amendment changed the soil organic matter (SOM) composition. Positive correlations between the relative abundance of LIPID (lipids, alkanes/alkenes), ALKYL (alkylaromatics), and suberin and MeHg concentrations indicate that these SOM groups might be related to MeHg formation. Biochar enhanced the releasing and methylation of Hg by promoting the mobilization of Fe(oxyhydr)oxides and alternation of carbon chemistry under dynamic Eh conditions. There is an unexpected environmental risk associated with biochar application to paddy soils under dynamic Eh condition, and one should be aware this risk when applying biochar aiming to minimize human Hg exposure health risks via rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550002, PR China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jianxu Wang
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550082, PR China.
| | - Christoph E S Kinder
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Xing Yang
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michal Slaný
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, PR China
| | - Hocheol Song
- University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Peter Leinweber
- University of Rostock, Department Light, Life and Matter (LLM), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 25, D-18059 Rostock, Germany; Soil Science, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Chen F, Ma T, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Huang H. Atomic-Level Charge Separation Strategies in Semiconductor-Based Photocatalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005256. [PMID: 33501728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based photocatalysis as a productive technology furnishes a prospective solution to environmental and renewable energy issues, but its efficiency greatly relies on the effective bulk and surface separation of photoexcited charge carriers. Exploitation of atomic-level strategies allows in-depth understanding on the related mechanisms and enables bottom-up precise design of photocatalysts, significantly enhancing photocatalytic activity. Herein, the advances on atomic-level charge separation strategies toward developing robust photocatalysts are highlighted, elucidating the fundamentals of charge separation and transfer processes and advanced probing techniques. The atomic-level bulk charge separation strategies, embodied by regulation of charge movement pathway and migration dynamic, boil down to shortening the charge diffusion distance to the atomic-scale, establishing atomic-level charge transfer channels, and enhancing the charge separation driving force. Meanwhile, regulating the in-plane surface structure and spatial surface structure are summarized as atomic-level surface charge separation strategies. Moreover, collaborative strategies for simultaneous manipulation of bulk and surface photocharges are also introduced. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects for fabrication of state-of-the-art photocatalysts are discussed on the basis of a thorough comprehension of atomic-level charge separation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle (UON), Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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Meng A, Teng Z, Zhang Q, Su C. Intrinsic Defects in Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalysis Applications. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3405-3415. [PMID: 32902148 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introducing intrinsic defects in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) without the addition of exotic atoms have been verified as an available strategy to boost the photocatalytic performance. This minireview focuses on the fundamental classifications and positive roles of intrinsic defects in PCN for photocatalysis applications. The intrinsic defects in PCN are classified into several types, such as nitrogen vacancy, carbon vacancy and derivative functional groups such as cyano, amino and cyanamide groups. The critical roles of these defects on the electronic configuration, charge transfer and surface properties of PCN are also carefully classified and elaborated. Furthermore, the photocatalysis applications of the defective PCN including photocatalytic water splitting, N2 fixation, H2 O2 production, CO2 reduction and NO removal are summarized. In the end, the challenges and opportunities of defect chemistry in PCN for photocatalysis field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Meng
- International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Teng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, 804-8550, Japan
| | - Qitao Zhang
- International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Shen C, Lu X, Mu X, Song P. Effects of defects in g-C 3N 4 on excited-state charge distribution and transfer: Potential for improved photocatalysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117687. [PMID: 31676150 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with triazine ring structures is a polymeric metal-free semiconductor with a medium bandgap and two-dimensional layered structure. g-C3N4 has attracted attention because of its photocatalytic applications, such as the photodegradation of pollution and hydrogen production via water splitting. Defective elements and sites are two essential factors in rationally designing highly-efficient photocatalysts based on g-C3N4 at the nanoscale. When the molecule absorbs energy and enters an excited state, electrons migrate and the charge distribution changes accordingly. The properties of the excited states of g-C3N4 are related to its defect elements and sites. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effects of defects on excited states in the design of g-C3N4 catalysts. In this paper, the excited-state characteristics of intrinsic g-C3N4 and g-C3N4 with C- and N-atom defects are analyzed by density functional theory. We apply quantum chemistry and wave function analysis to determine the hole-electron distributions and charge transfer directions. To measure and discuss the characteristics of electron excitation using quantitative numerical methods, the D, Sr, H, and t indices are calculated. Our results promote a deeper understanding of the roles of defective elements and sites in photocatalysis by g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China.
| | - Xijiao Mu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Green Innovation, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China.
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Wang H, Bu Y, Wu G, Zou X. The promotion of the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation ability of nitrogen vacancy-embedded graphitic carbon nitride by replacing the corner-site carbon atom with phosphorus. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11724-11731. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuning a catalyst's structure is an effective method to modify its physicochemical and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering
- and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
| | - Yiding Bu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering
- and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
| | - Guang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences
- Research Institute of Crop Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Xiong Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
- China
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Long M, Zheng L. Engineering vacancies for solar photocatalytic applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(17)62821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fang LJ, Wang XL, Zhao JJ, Li YH, Wang YL, Du XL, He ZF, Zeng HD, Yang HG. One-step fabrication of porous oxygen-doped g-C3N4 with feeble nitrogen vacancies for enhanced photocatalytic performance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:14408-14411. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porous oxygen-doped g-C3N4 with feeble nitrogen vacancies was fabricated via a one-step method to enhance its photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Xue Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jun Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yu Hang Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yu Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Xu Lei Du
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Zhi Fei He
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hui Dan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hua Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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