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Osuofa J, Husson SM. Preparation of Protein A Membranes Using Propargyl Methacrylate-Based Copolymers and Copper-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Click Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:239. [PMID: 38257038 PMCID: PMC10819539 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of convective technologies for antibody purification is of interest to the bioprocessing industries. This study developed a Protein A membrane using a combination of graft polymerization and copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide click chemistry. Regenerated cellulose supports were functionalized via surface-initiated copolymerization of propargyl methacrylate (PgMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA300), followed by a reaction with azide-functionalized Protein A ligand. The polymer-modified membranes were characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), gravimetric analysis, and permeability measurements. Copolymer composition was determined using the Mayo-Lewis equation. Membranes clicked with azide-conjugated Protein A were evaluated by measuring static and dynamic binding (DBC10) capacities for human immunoglobulin G (hIgG). Copolymer composition and degree of grafting were found to affect maximum static binding capacities, with values ranging from 5 to 16 mg/mL. DBC10 values did not vary with flow rate, as expected of membrane adsorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M. Husson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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Osuofa J, Husson SM. Preparation of Protein A Membrane Adsorbers Using Strain-Promoted, Copper-Free Dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-Azide Click Chemistry. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:824. [PMID: 37887996 PMCID: PMC10608826 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography is the preferred unit operation for purifying Fc-based proteins. Convective chromatography technologies, like membrane adsorbers, can perform the purification rapidly and improve throughput dramatically. While the literature reports the preparation of Protein A membrane adsorbers utilizing traditional coupling chemistries that target lysine or thiol groups on the Protein A ligand, this study demonstrates a new approach utilizing copper-free dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-azide click chemistry. The synthetic pathway consists of three main steps: bioconjugation of Protein A with a DBCO-polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker, preparation of an azide-functionalized membrane surface, and click reaction of DBCO-Protein A onto the membrane surface. Using polyclonal human immunoglobulins (hIgG) as the target molecule, Protein A membranes prepared by this synthetic pathway showed a flowrate-independent dynamic binding capacity of ~10 mg/mL membrane at 10% breakthrough. Fitting of static binding capacity measurements to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm showed a maximum binding (qmax) of 27.48 ± 1.31 mg/mL and an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of value of 1.72 × 10-1 ± 4.03 × 10-2 mg/mL. This work represents a new application for copper-less click chemistry in the membrane chromatography space and outlines a synthetic pathway that can be followed for immobilization of other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M. Husson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Yu X, Pan B, Zhao C, Shorty D, Solano LN, Sun G, Liu R, Lam KS. Discovery of Peptidic Ligands against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Their Use in the Development of a Highly Sensitive Personal Use Colorimetric COVID-19 Biosensor. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2159-2168. [PMID: 37253267 PMCID: PMC10255569 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In addition to efficacious vaccines and antiviral therapeutics, reliable and flexible in-home personal use diagnostics for the detection of viral antigens are needed for effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the approval of several PCR-based and affinity-based in-home COVID-19 testing kits, many of them suffer from problems such as a high false-negative rate, long waiting time, and short storage period. Using the enabling one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial technology, several peptidic ligands with a nanomolar binding affinity toward the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein) were successfully discovered. Taking advantage of the high surface area of porous nanofibers, immobilization of these ligands on nanofibrous membranes allows the development of personal use sensors that can achieve low nanomolar sensitivity in the detection of the S-protein in saliva. This simple biosensor employing naked-eye reading exhibits detection sensitivity comparable to some of the current FDA-approved home detection kits. Furthermore, the ligand used in the biosensor was found to detect the S-protein derived from both the original strain and the Delta variant. The workflow reported here may enable us to rapidly respond to the development of home-based biosensors against future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Yu
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Sacramento, Sacramento, California 95616, United States
| | - Bofeng Pan
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cunyi Zhao
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Diedra Shorty
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Sacramento, Sacramento, California 95616, United States
| | - Lucas N. Solano
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Gang Sun
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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Osuofa J, Husson SM. Comparative Evaluation of Commercial Protein A Membranes for the Rapid Purification of Antibodies. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:511. [PMID: 37233572 PMCID: PMC10220532 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography is ubiquitous to antibody purification. The high specificity of Protein A for binding the Fc-region of antibodies and related products enables unmatched clearance of process impurities like host cell proteins, DNA, and virus particles. A recent development is the commercialization of research-scale Protein A membrane chromatography products that can perform capture step purification with short residence times (RT) on the order of seconds. This study investigates process-relevant performance and physical properties of four Protein A membranes: Purilogics Purexa™ PrA, Gore® Protein Capture Device, Cytiva HiTrap™ Fibro PrismA, and Sartorius Sartobind® Protein A. Performance metrics include dynamic binding capacity, equilibrium binding capacity, regeneration-reuse, impurity clearance, and elution volumes. Physical properties include permeability, pore diameter, specific surface area, and dead volume. Key results indicate that all membranes except the Gore® Protein Capture Device operate with flow rate-independent binding capacities; the Purilogics Purexa™ PrA and Cytiva HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA have binding capacities on par with resins, with orders of magnitude faster throughput; and dead volume and hydrodynamics play major roles in elution behavior. Results from this study will enable bioprocess scientists to understand the ways that Protein A membranes can fit into their antibody process development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M. Husson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Emerging affinity ligands and support materials for the enrichment of monoclonal antibodies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Huang K, Yang X, Ma Y, Sun G, Nitin N. Incorporation of Antimicrobial Bio-Based Carriers onto Poly(vinyl alcohol- co-ethylene) Surface for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36275-36285. [PMID: 34308624 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A biobased rechargeable antimicrobial modification approach was developed using a covalent immobilization of food grade yeast cell wall particles on a model plastic film. We demonstrate the applications of this modification approach on poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) surface to inactivate inoculated bacteria with or without the presence of organic content, reducing the cross-contamination between food contact surface and model fresh produce, and inhibiting the growth of biofilms on the film surface. These biobased cell wall particle modified plastic films can enhance the binding of chlorine to the plastic surface in the form of N-halamine, extend the stability of chlorine against high organic content and ambient storage, and improve the rechargeability of the plastic films. Upon charging with chlorine, these modified plastic films inactivated 5 log of model Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7) and Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria innocua used as a surrogate of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes) within 2 min of surface inoculation in water and within 20 min in an organic-rich aqueous environment. The modified plastic films prevented the transfer of bacteria and eliminated cross-contamination from the contaminated films to a spinach leaf surface, while 3 log CFU/leaf of bacteria were transferred from a contaminated native film to a noninoculated spinach surface. In addition, these modified plastic films reduced the adhesion of L. innocua cells by 2.7-3.6 log CFU/cm2 compared with control films during extended incubation for biofilm formation. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of this biobased food grade modification approach to reduce microbial contamination and improve produce safety in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yue Ma
- Fiber and Polymer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gang Sun
- Fiber and Polymer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Zhao C, Si Y, Pan B, Taha AY, Pan T, Sun G. Design and fabrication of a highly sensitive and naked-eye distinguishable colorimetric biosensor for chloramphenicol detection by using ELISA on nanofibrous membranes. Talanta 2020; 217:121054. [PMID: 32498843 PMCID: PMC7304426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) is highly specific and selective towards target molecules and is convenient for on-site detection. However, in many cases, lack of high sensitivity makes it hard to reveal a significant colorimetric signal for detecting a trace amount of target molecules. Thus, analytical instruments are required for detection, which limits the application of ELISA for on-site detection. In the present study, a highly sensitive and naked-eyed detectable colorimetric biosensor for chloramphenicol (CAP) was prepared by incorporating ELISA onto surfaces of microporous and nanofibrous membranes. The high specific surface areas of the nanofibers significantly increased the number of antibodies covalently linked onto the fiber surfaces and binding capacity of the sensor with antigens present in a sample. With such an integration, the sensitivity of the ELISA sensor was dramatically increased, and a trace number of targets could reveal a naked-eye detectable color. The immunoassay sensor exhibited a significant naked-eye distinguishable color to chloramphenicol (CAP) at 0.3 ng/mL. The successful design and fabrication of the nanofibrous membrane immunoassay sensor provide new paths towards the development of on-site inspection sensors without the assistance from any instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyi Zhao
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yang Si
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bofeng Pan
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gang Sun
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Najafi M, Frey MW. Electrospun Nanofibers for Chemical Separation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E982. [PMID: 32455530 PMCID: PMC7279547 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The separation and purification of specific chemicals from a mixture have become necessities for many environments, including agriculture, food science, and pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. Electrospun nanofiber membranes are promising materials for the separation of various species such as particles, biomolecules, dyes, and metals from liquids because of the combined properties of a large specific surface, light weight, high porosity, good connectivity, and tunable wettability. This paper reviews the recent progress in the design and fabrication of electrospun nanofibers for chemical separation. Different capture mechanisms including electrostatic, affinity, covalent bonding, chelation, and magnetic adsorption are explained and their distinct characteristics are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future aspects of nanofibers for membrane applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesbah Najafi
- Department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
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Controllable functionalization of hydroxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers via catalytic oxa-Michael reaction. Biointerphases 2018; 13:06E407. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5052052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Saylan Y, Tamahkar E, Denizli A. Recognition of lysozyme using surface imprinted bacterial cellulose nanofibers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1950-1965. [PMID: 28784017 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1364099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we developed the lysozyme imprinted bacterial cellulose (Lyz-MIP/BC) nanofibers via the surface imprinting strategy that was designed to recognize lysozyme. This study includes the molecular imprinting method onto the surface of bacterial cellulose nanofibers in the presence of lysozyme by metal ion coordination, as well as further characterizations methods FTIR, SEM and contact angle measurements. The maximum lysozyme adsorption capacity of Lyz-MIP/BC nanofibers was found to be 71 mg/g. The Lyz-MIP/BC nanofibers showed high selectivity for lysozyme towards bovine serum albumin and cytochrome c. Overall, the Lyz-MIP/BC nanofibers hold great potential for lysozyme recognition due to the high binding capacity, significant selectivity and excellent reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşeren Saylan
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emel Tamahkar
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , Hitit University , Çorum , Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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