Purification of Crocin-I from Gardenia Yellow by Macroporous Resin Columns In-Series and Its Antidepressant-Like Effect

In this study, the purification of crocin-I from Gardenia yellow by macroporous resin columns in-series was systematically investigated. The in-series macroporous adsorption resins consisting of XAD 4 and XAD 1600N resins were selected on the basis of the evaluation of performance and separation characteristics of 17 kinds of resins, including the adsorption capacities, desorption ratio, and separation degree. According to the analysis results, the optimum conditions were as follows: bed volume ratio of XAD 4 and XAD 1600N resins, sample volume, flow rate, and methanol concentration were 3 : 1, 5 BV, 15 BV/h, and 70%, respectively (BV was the bed volume of XAD 4 resin). After one run treatment, the separation degree of crocin-I at 254 nm and 440 nm decreased from 1.92 to 0.08 ( $D_{C-254\text{nm}}$ ) and from 0.71 to 0.36 ( $D_{C-440\text{nm}}$ ), respectively. The results showed that the in-series macroporous resins revealed a high capacity in the purification of crocin-I. Meanwhile, in the animal experiment, the forced swimming tests were regulated by crocin-I and Gardenia yellow, which demonstrated that crocin-I was the main constituent of Gardenia yellow and had potential antidepressant biological activities.

Pinus koraiensis polyphenols: structural identification, in vitro antioxidant activity, immune function and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation

Herein, polyphenols were extracted from Pinus koraiensis bark and characterized. Besides, the in vitro antioxidant activity, inhibition effect on cancer cells and the activity of the immune system were investigated. The results showed that the main component of Pinus koraiensis bark was 3,5,7,3',5'-pentahydroxydihydroflavone. PKB polyphenols demonstrated a high antioxidant activity during in vitro investigation. In vivo immunological function studies on oxidatively injured mice revealed that Pinus koraiensis bark polyphenols effectively improved the survival status of irradiated mice. PKBP also increased the spleen and thymus index of mouse immunoregulatory organs. The results indicated that the phagocytic ability of mononuclear macrophages was increased. Comparing the cell distribution of the PKBP administered group and the model group, the PKBP-administered group reduced the cells arrested in the G1 phase, while the number of cells increased in the S and G2 phases. PKBP effectively protected the mouse immune system and reduced the immune suppression caused by radiation. These findings also confirmed that oxidative damaged cells induced by radiation could be repaired. PKBP had the highest inhibitory activity on colon cancer cells HT29, breast cancer cells MFC-7, gastric cancer cells BGC-823 and cervical cancer HeLa and HT29 cancer cells. PKB polyphenols could effectively induce the production of DNA-Ladder fragments and cause DNA damage in cancer cells. PKBP also blocked the cycle of cancer cells in the G2 phase, stopped cell division and induced cancer cell apoptosis. Analysis of cell apoptosis by Annexin V-FTIC/PI double staining indicated that PKBP inhibited HT29 cancer cell proliferation.

Sustainable separation of bio-based cadaverine based on carbon dioxide capture by forming carbamate

Cadaverine carbamate, capturing the self-released carbon dioxide from the decarboxylation of l-lysine, is the green and sustainable separation of bio-based cadaverine.

Polyphenols (S3) Isolated from Cone Scales of Pinus koraiensis Alleviate Decreased Bone Formation in Rat under Simulated Microgravity

In order to screen out an effective bone loss protectant from natural plant polyphenol and to elucidate the mechanism of the plant polyphenols that alleviate bone loss under simulated microgravity, the proliferation activities of 9 total polyphenol extracts from natural product (TPENP) on osteoblasts were measured. Polyphenols (S3) was isolated from total polyphenols of cone scales from pinus koraiensis (Korean pine). ALP activity in osteoblasts and MDA level in femur were measured. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the distal cancellous region of the femur in rat were tested. Various bone metabolism markers, enzymes activity and genes expression were also analyzed. The results showed that S3 has the highest activity of osteoblast proliferation. S3 promoted ALP activity in osteoblasts, enhanced mechanical properties and microstructure of the distal cancellous region of femur in rat, decreased MDA level, elevated the serum concentration of BALP, PINP and activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px in femur under simulated microgravity. In addition, S3 enhanced the expression of NRF-2, β-catenin, p-GSK3-β, OSX, RUNX2, Osteonectin, Osteocalcin, ALP and collagen I. These results indicated that S3 can alleviated bone loss induced by simulated microgravity through abate the inhibition of the oxidative stress on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Comparison in antioxidant and antitumor activities of pine polyphenols and its seven biotransformation extracts by fungi

Microbial transformation can strengthen the antioxidant and antitumor activities of polyphenols. Polyphenols contents, antioxidant and antitumor activities of pine polyphenols and its biotransformation extracts by Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus candidus, Trichodermas viride, Mucor wutungkiao and Rhizopus sp were studied. Significant differences were noted in antioxidant and antitumor activities. The highest antioxidant activities in Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay and antitumor activity against LoVo cells were biotransformation extract of Aspergillus carbonarius (BAC), biotransformation extract of Mucor wutungkiao (BMW), biotransformation extract of Aspergillus carbonarius (BAC), biotransformation extract of Aspergillus niger (BAN), biotransformation extract of Aspergillus oryzae (BAO) and BMW, respectively. Correlation analysis found that antioxidant and antitumor activities were associated with polyphenols contents and types of free radicals and tumors. A. carbonarius can make polyphenol oxidation, hydroxylation and methylation, and form new polyphenols. In conclusion, A. carbonarius, A. niger and M. wutungkiao are valuable microorganisms used for polyphenols biotransformation and enhance the antioxidant and antitumor activities of polyphenols.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8) reinforced macroporous resin D101 for selective solid-phase extraction of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol from phenol compounds

Macroporous resin has been attracting intensive attention due to its critical role in separation and purification of natural products. Herein, a zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 reinforced macroporous resin D101 was prepared via a room temperature growth method and used for dispersive SPE of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol. The parameters affecting the adsorption and desorption efficiency such as the sample pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, desorption solvent, and desorption time were investigated. The as-prepared adsorbent showed selectivity for 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol compared to other phenols. Under the optimum dispersive SPE conditions, the detection of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol coupled with a CZE method was conducted and the LODs for 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol were 1.37 and 1.43 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, the results of urine sample analysis showed the spiked recoveries to be in the range of 96.2-106.9%. This study indicated that D101@ZIF-8 (where ZIF is zeolitic imidazolate framework) is a promising selective adsorbent for the analysis of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol in urine samples.

Protective mechanisms of purified polyphenols from pinecones of Pinus koraiensis on spleen tissues in tumor-bearing S180 mice in vivo

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of the purified polyphenols from pinecones ofPinus koraiensis(PPP-40) on spleen tissues of S180 micein vivo.

Pine polyphenols from Pinus koraiensis prevent injuries induced by gamma radiation in mice

Pine polyphenols (PPs) are bioactive dietary constituents that enhance health and help prevent diseases through antioxidants. Antioxidants reduce the level of oxidative damages caused by ionizing radiation (IR). The main purpose of this paper is to study the protective effect of PPs on peripheral blood, liver and spleen injuries in mice induced by IR. ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) male mice were administered orally with PPs (200 mg/kg b.wt.) once daily for 14 consecutive days prior to 7 Gy γ-radiations. PPs showed strong antioxidant activities. PPs significantly increased white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets counts. PPs also significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidases, and the level of glutathione. PPs reduced the spleen morphologic injury. In addition, PPs inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways in splenocytes induced by IR. These results indicate that PPs are radioprotective promising reagents.

Polyphenols from pinecones of Pinus koraiensis induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells through the activation of caspase in vitro

The present study reports the antitumor effects of PPP-40 (the purified polyphenols from P. koraiensis pinecones by 40% ethanol) on LOVO cells and revealed its antitumor mechanism, which involved the apoptosis of cells associated with the activation of the caspase pathway.