Effective and Efficient Porous CeO2 Adsorbent for Acid Orange 7 Adsorption

A porous CeO₂ was synthesized following the addition of guanidine carbonate to a Ce³⁺ aqueous solution, the subsequent addition of hydrogen peroxide and a final hydrothermal treatment. The optimal experimental parameters for the synthesis of porous CeO₂, including the amounts of guanidine carbonate and hydrogen peroxide and the hydrothermal conditions, were determined by taking the adsorption efficiency of acid orange 7 (AO7) dye as the evaluation. A template-free hydrothermal strategy could avoid the use of soft or hard templates and the subsequent tedious procedures of eliminating templates, which aligned with the goals of energy conservation and emission reduction. Moreover, both the guanidine carbonate and hydrogen peroxide used in this work were accessible and eco-friendly raw materials. The porous CeO₂ possessed rapid adsorption capacities for AO7 dye. When the initial concentration of AO7 was less than 130 mg/L, removal efficiencies greater than 90.0% were obtained, achieving a maximum value of 97.5% at [AO7] = 100 mg/L and [CeO₂] = 2.0 g/L in the first 10 min of contact. Moreover, the adsorption-desorption equilibrium between the porous CeO₂ adsorbent and the AO7 molecule was basically established within the first 30 min. The saturated adsorption amount of AO7 dye was 90.3 mg/g based on a Langmuir linear fitting of the experimental data. Moreover, the porous CeO₂ could be recycled using a NaOH aqueous solution, and the adsorption efficiency of AO7 dye still remained above 92.5% after five cycles. This study provided an alternative porous adsorbent for the purification of dye wastewater, and a template-free hydrothermal strategy was developed to enable the design of CeO₂-based catalysts or catalyst carriers.

Oxidation-Induced and Hydrothermal-Assisted Template-Free Synthesis of Mesoporous CeO2 for Adsorption of Acid Orange 7

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an accessible and eco-friendly oxidant, was employed for the template-free hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous CeO2 based on a cerium carbonate precursor (Ce2(CO3)3•xH2O). Its microstructure and physicochemical properties were characterized by XRD, TEM and N2 sorption techniques. The formation of the CeO2 phase with a porous structure was strongly dependent on the presence of H2O2, while the values of the BET surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of CeO2 were generally related to the amount of H2O2 in the template-free hydrothermal synthesis. The BET surface area and pore volume of the mesoporous CeO2 synthesized hydrothermally at 180 °C with 10 mL H2O2 were 112.8 m2/g and 0.1436 cm3/g, respectively. The adsorption process had basically finished within 30 min, and the maximum adsorption efficiency within 30 min was 99.8% for the mesoporous CeO2 synthesized hydrothermally at 140 °C with 10 mL, when the initial AO7 concentration was 120 mg/L without pH preadjustment. The experimental data of AO7 adsorption were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm modes. Moreover, the mesoporous CeO2 synthesized at 140 °C with 10 mL H2O2 was regenerated in successive adsorption-desorption cycles eight times without significant loss in adsorption capacity, suggesting that the as-synthesized mesoporous CeO2 in this work was suitable as an adsorbent for the efficient adsorption of AO7 dye from an aqueous solution.

An eco-friendly route for template-free synthesis of high specific surface area mesoporous CeO2 powders and their adsorption for acid orange 7

An eco-friendly route was developed for the synthesis of mesoporous CeO₂ powders without any additional template. The original cerium precursors were separated from Ce³⁺ aqueous solution by (NH₄)₂CO₃ or Na₂CO₃via a chemical precipitation method, then H₂O₂ was introduced to induce the phase transformation from original cerium precursors to CeO₂ precursors with initial porous structures, finally the crystallinities of CeO₂ precursors were improved by a hydrothermal treatment, meanwhile the mesoporous structures of final CeO₂ powders were formed. The BET surface areas of mesoporous CeO₂ powders synthesized using (NH₄)₂CO₃ and Na₂CO₃ as precipitants were 106.1 and 76.9 m² g⁻¹, respectively. Moreover, a mesoporous CeO₂ sample with BET surface area of 100.0 m² g⁻¹ was also synthesized using commercial Ce₂(CO₃)₃·xH₂O as an existing cerium precursor under the same conditions as control, which could shorten experimental processes and reduce costs. The oxidation-induced phase transformation from original cerium precursors to CeO₂ precursors with initial porous structures was the precondition for further forming of mesoporous structures of final CeO₂ powders during the hydrothermal process. These mesoporous CeO₂ powders showed the rapid and effective adsorption for acid orange 7 dye from simulated wastewater without pH pre-adjustment at room temperature. Furthermore, the adsorption capacities of these mesoporous CeO₂ powders for removal of acid orange 7 dye were determined according to the Langmuir linear fits.

An eco-friendly route for template-free synthesis of mesoporous CeO₂ powders with high specific surface areas.

Sm doped mesoporous CeO2 nanocrystals: aqueous solution-based surfactant assisted low temperature synthesis, characterization and their improved autocatalytic activity

Mesoporous nanocrystalline high surface area CeO₂ synthesized at 100 °C exhibited improved autocatalytic activities by modifying defect states and reducibility upon Sm³⁺ doping.

Adsorption behavior of one-dimensional coordination polymers [Cu(bipy)X]n (X = 2Cl− and SO42−) toward acid orange 7 and methyl orange

A kind of one-dimensional coordination polymer, [Cu(bipy)X]_n (X = 2Cl⁻ or SO₄²⁻), was prepared by Cu²⁺ and 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) through a facile method, and used as the adsorbent for removal of acid orange 7 (AO7) and methyl orange (MO) from water.