1
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Recent Advances in Multicomponent Reactions Catalysed under Operationally Heterogeneous Conditions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been gaining significance and attention over the past decade because of their ability to furnish complex products by using readily available and simple starting materials while simultaneously eliminating the need to separate and purify any intermediates. More so, most of these products have been found to exhibit diverse biological activities. Another paradigm shift which has occurred contemporarily is the switch to heterogeneous catalysis, which results in additional benefits such as the reduction of waste and an increase in the safety of the process. More importantly, it allows the user to recover and reuse the catalyst for multiple runs. In summary, both methodologies adhere to the principles of green chemistry, a philosophy which needs to become overarchingly enshrined. The plethora of reactions and catalysts which have been developed gives hope that chemists are slowly changing their ideology. As a result, this review attempts to discuss multicomponent reactions catalysed by operationally heterogeneous catalysts in the past 10 years. In this review, a further distinction is made between the MCRs which lead to the formation of heterocycles and those which do not.
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2
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Babaei B, Mamaghani M, Mokhtary M. Clean Synthesis of Propargylamines Using Novel Magnetically Recyclable Silver Nanocatalyst (AgMNPs). Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2015401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Babaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Mamaghani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Mokhtary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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3
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Copper oxide nanoparticles decorated on nitrogen doped carbon hollow and their catalytic activities in synthesis of propargylamines and reduction of nitroarenes. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Bao H, Li AY, Kairouz V, Moores A. Ultra-fast Cu-based A3-coupling catalysts: faceted Cu2O microcrystals as efficient catalyst-delivery systems in batch and flow conditions. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cu(I) catalysts were studied for the synthesis of a propargylamine via A3-coupling of aldehyde, amine, and alkyne, under solvent-free and low loading conditions, using batch microwave or flow thermal heating. We explored ultra-low loading conditions with Cu(I) salts as fast and active catalysts featuring turnover frequencies (TOFs) above 105 h−1. Well-defined octahedral and cubic Cu2O microcrystals were also successfully applied and compared with this reaction. Both types of microcrystals exhibited excellent catalytic activities within minutes, via in situ generation of low dose of Cu(I) ions within the reaction medium, to achieve TON beyond 2000 and recycling up to 10 times in a flow reactor. The study of the catalytic system demonstrated that the activity was surface-structure dependent and allowed for the design of low Cu contamination A3-coupling systems, affording a product at the decigram scale, with Cu contamination below FDA recommendations for drug synthesis, without the need for a purification procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Bao
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Alain Y. Li
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Vanessa Kairouz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Department of Chemistry, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
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5
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Zorba LP, Vougioukalakis GC. The Ketone-Amine-Alkyne (KA2) coupling reaction: Transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of quaternary propargylamines. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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6
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Volkova Y, Baranin S, Zavarzin I. A
3
Coupling Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Volkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991
| | - Sergey Baranin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991
| | - Igor Zavarzin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991
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7
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Shaheer Malik M, Asghar BH, Azeeza S, Obaid RJ, Thagafi II, Jassas R, Altass HM, Morad M, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Facile Amberlyst A-21 catalyzed access of β-hydroxynitriles via epoxide opening in water. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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8
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Bosica G, Abdilla R, Demanuele K. Revisiting the Betti Synthesis: Using a Cheap, Readily Available, Recyclable Clay Catalyst under Solventless Conditions. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Bosica
- Department of Chemistry; University of Malta; MSD2080 Malta Malta
| | - Roderick Abdilla
- Department of Chemistry; University of Malta; MSD2080 Malta Malta
| | - Kaylie Demanuele
- Department of Chemistry; University of Malta; MSD2080 Malta Malta
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9
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Bosica G, Zammit R. One-pot multicomponent nitro-Mannich reaction using a heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free conditions. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5065. [PMID: 29967735 PMCID: PMC6026460 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An environmentally-friendly, one-pot multicomponent reaction of various aldehydes, amines and nitroalkanes for the synthesis of β-nitroamines is here described. Amberlyst A-21 supported CuI was found to be a highly efficient novel heterogeneous catalyst for the three-component nitro-Mannich reaction between aldehydes, amines and nitroalkanes. The developed protocol is performed in a solvent-free medium to produce a variety of β-nitroamines in good to excellent yields within short reaction times. The catalyst can be easily prepared and recovered. It has been tested up to eight times with only a minor activity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramon Zammit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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10
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Kashid VS, Balakrishna MS. Microwave-assisted copper(I) catalyzed A3-coupling reaction: Reactivity, substrate scope and the structural characterization of two coupling products. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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11
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Lauder K, Toscani A, Scalacci N, Castagnolo D. Synthesis and Reactivity of Propargylamines in Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:14091-14200. [PMID: 29166000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Propargylamines are a versatile class of compounds which find broad application in many fields of chemistry. This review aims to describe the different strategies developed so far for the synthesis of propargylamines and their derivatives as well as to highlight their reactivity and use as building blocks in the synthesis of chemically relevant organic compounds. In the first part of the review, the different synthetic approaches to synthesize propargylamines, such as A3 couplings and C-H functionalization of alkynes, have been described and organized on the basis of the catalysts employed in the syntheses. Both racemic and enantioselective approaches have been reported. In the second part, an overview of the transformations of propargylamines into heterocyclic compounds such as pyrroles, pyridines, thiazoles, and oxazoles, as well as other relevant organic derivatives, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lauder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Toscani
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolò Scalacci
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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12
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Bukowska A, Bukowski W, Bester K, Hus K. Polymer supported copper(II) amine-imine complexes in the C-N and A3
coupling reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bukowska
- Faculty of Chemistry; Rzeszów University of Technology; Powstańców W-wy 6 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Wiktor Bukowski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Rzeszów University of Technology; Powstańców W-wy 6 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Karol Bester
- Faculty of Chemistry; Rzeszów University of Technology; Powstańców W-wy 6 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Krzysztof Hus
- Faculty of Chemistry; Rzeszów University of Technology; Powstańców W-wy 6 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
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13
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Belmonte Sánchez E, Iglesias MJ, el Hajjouji H, Roces L, García-Granda S, Villuendas P, Urriolabeitia EP, López Ortiz F. Cycloaurated Phosphinothioic Amide Complex as a Precursor of Gold(I) Nanoparticles: Efficient Catalysts for A3 Synthesis of Propargylamines under Solvent-Free Conditions. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Belmonte Sánchez
- Área
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Ctra.
Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María José Iglesias
- Área
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Ctra.
Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Hajar el Hajjouji
- Área
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Ctra.
Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Laura Roces
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santiago García-Granda
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Villuendas
- Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea,
ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
- Instituto
de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea,
ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Ctra.
Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
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14
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Schwarz J, König B. Decarboxylative Alkynylation of Biomass-Derived Compounds by Metal-Free Visible Light Photocatalysis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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15
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Reddy BRP, Reddy PVG, Shankar MV, Reddy BN. CuI Supported on Protonated Trititanate Nanotubes: A Reusable Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of Propargylamines via A3-Coupling. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muthukonda V. Shankar
- Nano Catalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory; Department of Materials Science&Nanotechnology; Yogi Vemana University; Kadapa- 516 003 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Bijivemula N. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry; Vellore Institute of Technology; Vellore- 632014 Tamil Nadu India
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16
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Zhang H, Zhang P, Jiang M, Yang H, Fu H. Merging Photoredox with Copper Catalysis: Decarboxylative Alkynylation of α-Amino Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2017; 19:1016-1019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Solvent-Free Henry and Michael Reactions with Nitroalkanes Promoted by Potassium Carbonate as a Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/6267036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a simple weak inorganic base such as potassium carbonate facilitated the formation of carbon-carbon bonds through both the Henry and the Michael reactions with nitrocompounds. The application of this catalyst under environmentally friendly solventless heterogeneous conditions gave satisfactory to good yields of β-nitroalcohols, involving aliphatic and aromatic starting materials, as well as high to excellent yields in the formation of Michael adducts using several different Michael acceptors and nitroalkanes.
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18
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19
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Aza-Michael Mono-addition Using Acidic Alumina under Solventless Conditions. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060815. [PMID: 27338336 PMCID: PMC6273892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aza-Michael reactions between primary aliphatic and aromatic amines and various Michael acceptors have been performed under environmentally-friendly solventless conditions using acidic alumina as a heterogeneous catalyst to selectively obtain the corresponding mono-adducts in high yields. Ethyl acrylate was the main acceptor used, although others such as acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate and acrylamide were also utilized successfully. Bi-functional amines also gave the mono-adducts in good to excellent yields. Such compounds can serve as intermediates for the synthesis of anti-cancer and antibiotic drugs.
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20
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Das D. Multicomponent Reactions in Organic Synthesis Using Copper-Based Nanocatalysts. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Das
- Centre for Applied Chemistry; Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe; Ranchi- 835205, Jharkhand India
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21
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Afraj SN, Nuzlia C, Chen C, Lee GH. Multicomponent Coupling Reaction and Intramolecular Nitrile Oxide-Alkyne Cycloaddition towards Isoxazolo[3,4]-pyrrolizines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; Soufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Cut Nuzlia
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; Soufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Chinpiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; Soufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
- Department of Nursing; Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology; Hualien 970 Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsian Lee
- Instrumentation Center; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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22
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Purohit P, Pandey AK, Kumar B, Chauhan PMS. Diversity oriented synthesis of β-carbolinone and indolo-pyrazinone analogues based on an Ugi four component reaction and subsequent cyclisation of the resulting indole intermediate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One pot two step synthesis of β-carbolinone and indolo-pyrazinone analogues via acid mediated cyclisation of Ugi intermediate has been developed with a wide substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Purohit
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Prem M. S. Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
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Zarei Z, Akhlaghinia B. Zn(ii) anchored onto the magnetic natural hydroxyapatite (ZnII/HAP/Fe3O4): as a novel, green and recyclable catalyst for A3-coupling reaction towards propargylamine synthesis under solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, Zn(ii) anchored onto the magnetic natural hydroxyapatite (ZnII/HAP/Fe3O4), as a new and magnetically recoverable catalyst, was prepared and characterized using different techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, TEM, EDX, VSM and ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Zarei
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad
- Iran
| | - Batool Akhlaghinia
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad
- Iran
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24
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Liu X, Lin B, Zhang Z, Lei H, Li Y. Copper(ii) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-CuII) as an efficient catalyst for aldehyde–alkyne–amine coupling under solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18742k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel heterogeneous Cu(ii) carboxymethylcellulose catalyst was prepared and successfully employed in the A3 coupling without using any co-catalyst, other additives, bases under solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Bijin Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
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